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Griffith","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/biographies/ralph-t-h-griffith","tags":[],"source_count":1},{"slug":"richard-a-glennon","name":"Richard A. Glennon","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/biographies/richard-a-glennon","tags":[],"source_count":1},{"slug":"richard-alpert","name":"Richard Alpert","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/biographies/richard-alpert","tags":[],"source_count":1},{"slug":"richard-evans-schultes","name":"Richard Evans Schultes","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/biographies/richard-evans-schultes","tags":[],"source_count":2},{"slug":"richard-spruce","name":"Richard Spruce","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/biographies/richard-spruce","tags":[],"source_count":1},{"slug":"rick-j-strassman","name":"Rick J. Strassman","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/biographies/rick-j-strassman","tags":[],"source_count":1},{"slug":"robert-w-hyde","name":"Robert W. Hyde","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/biographies/robert-w-hyde","tags":[],"source_count":1},{"slug":"roger-e-meyer","name":"Roger E. Meyer","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/biographies/roger-e-meyer","tags":[],"source_count":1},{"slug":"s-c-callaway","name":"S. C. Callaway","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/biographies/s-c-callaway","tags":[],"source_count":1},{"slug":"s-weir-mitchell","name":"S. Weir Mitchell","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/biographies/s-weir-mitchell","tags":[],"source_count":1},{"slug":"salvador-roquet","name":"Salvador Roquet","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/biographies/salvador-roquet","years":"1920-1995","tags":["Mexico","Mazatec Traditions","Psilocybin","LSD","Peyote","Ketamine","Psychedelic Therapy","Psychosynthesis","War on Drugs"],"source_count":0},{"slug":"sheri-eckert","name":"Sheri Eckert","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/biographies/sheri-eckert","tags":[],"source_count":1},{"slug":"sidney-cohen","name":"Sidney Cohen","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/biographies/sidney-cohen","tags":[],"source_count":4},{"slug":"sidney-gottlieb","name":"Sidney Gottlieb","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/biographies/sidney-gottlieb","tags":[],"source_count":1},{"slug":"sidney-white-crane","name":"Sidney White Crane","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/biographies/sidney-white-crane","tags":[],"source_count":1},{"slug":"stepan-krasheninnikov","name":"Stepan Krasheninnikov","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/biographies/stepan-krasheninnikov","tags":[],"source_count":1},{"slug":"thomas-eckert","name":"Thomas Eckert","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/biographies/thomas-eckert","tags":[],"source_count":1},{"slug":"timothy-leary","name":"Timothy Leary","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/biographies/timothy-leary","tags":[],"source_count":8},{"slug":"toribio-de-benavente","name":"Toribio de Benavente","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/biographies/toribio-de-benavente","tags":[],"source_count":1},{"slug":"tribunal-del-santo-oficio-de-la-inquisicion-de-mexico","name":"Tribunal del Santo Oficio de la Inquisición de México","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/biographies/tribunal-del-santo-oficio-de-la-inquisicion-de-mexico","tags":[],"source_count":1},{"slug":"van-m-sim","name":"Van M. Sim","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/biographies/van-m-sim","tags":[],"source_count":1},{"slug":"waldemar-bogoras","name":"Waldemar Bogoras","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/biographies/waldemar-bogoras","tags":[],"source_count":2},{"slug":"waldemar-jochelson","name":"Waldemar Jochelson","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/biographies/waldemar-jochelson","tags":[],"source_count":1},{"slug":"walter-e-dixon","name":"Walter E. Dixon","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/biographies/walter-e-dixon","tags":[],"source_count":1},{"slug":"werner-a-stoll","name":"Werner A. Stoll","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/biographies/werner-a-stoll","tags":[],"source_count":1},{"slug":"william-antonio-rodrigues","name":"William Antônio Rodrigues","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/biographies/william-antonio-rodrigues","years":"1928-","tags":["Brazil","Amazonia","Botany","Virola","Myristicaceae"],"source_count":1},{"slug":"william-e-safford","name":"William E. Safford","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/biographies/william-e-safford","tags":[],"source_count":1},{"slug":"william-j-m-a-maloney","name":"William J. M. A. Maloney","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/biographies/william-j-m-a-maloney","tags":[],"source_count":1},{"slug":"william-james","name":"William James","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/biographies/william-james","tags":[],"source_count":4},{"slug":"william-mcginnis","name":"William McGinnis","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/biographies/william-mcginnis","tags":[],"source_count":1},{"slug":"william-mcglothlin","name":"William McGlothlin","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/biographies/william-mcglothlin","tags":[],"source_count":1},{"slug":"william-n-johnson","name":"William N. Johnson","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/biographies/william-n-johnson","tags":[],"source_count":1},{"slug":"william-wilson","name":"William Wilson","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/biographies/william-wilson","tags":[],"source_count":1}],"sources":[{"id":"3c71650f-f43c-5e2d-ac47-a553d1ce6baa","slug":"rigveda-soma-hymns","title":"Soma Hymns in the Rigveda","subtitle":"RV 8.48 and 9.113 on soma, immortality, and light","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/rigveda-soma-hymns","original_source_url":"https://archive.org/details/hymnsrigveda00unkngoog","source_kind":"single","display_date":"c. 1500-1000 BCE; translation 1897","year":-1500,"type":"Source","medium":"Text","era":"Pre-1800","region":"Ancient India; South Asia","language":"Sanskrit","people":["Ralph T. H. Griffith"],"creators":[{"name":"Ralph T. H. Griffith","role":"translator"}],"tags":["Religion","Psychoactive Plants"],"substances":["Soma"],"summary":"Two selected Rigvedic hymns to Soma: RV 8.48, the famous hymn of drinking soma and becoming immortal, and RV 9.113, a Soma Pavamana hymn asking to be placed in deathless worlds of light, delight, and fulfilled desire.","excerpt":"Two selected Rigvedic hymns to Soma: RV 8.48, the famous hymn of drinking soma and becoming immortal, and RV 9.113, a Soma Pavamana hymn asking to be placed in deathless worlds of light, delight, and fulfilled desire.","citation":"Rigveda 8.48 and 9.113. In The Hymns of the Rigveda, translated with a popular commentary by Ralph T. H. Griffith, 2nd ed., vol. 2. Benares: E. J. Lazarus and Co., 1897, pp. 198-199, 381-382. Sanskrit Devanagari text checked against Sanskrit Wikisource.","rights_statement":"Rigvedic Sanskrit text is public domain. Griffith's 1897 English translation and the excerpted scan pages are public domain in the United States. Devanagari transcription checked against Sanskrit Wikisource, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"translation_transcript_pdf","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/3c71650f-f43c-5e2d-ac47-a553d1ce6baa/pdf-thumbnails/rigveda-soma-hymns/page-001.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"d3f3729a-9a36-5655-b68f-f3bb1667ff22","slug":"chavin-de-huantar","title":"Chavin de Huantar","subtitle":"Ritual architecture, psychoactive plants, sound, and authority in the Early Horizon Andes","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/chavin-de-huantar","original_source_url":"https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/330/","source_kind":"single","display_date":"ca. 1200-500 BCE","year":-1200,"type":"Archaeological Site","medium":"Image","era":"Pre-1800","region":"Peru; Ancash; Central Andes","language":"English","people":[],"creators":[],"tags":["Sound","Architecture","Visual Culture","Archaeology","Material Culture","Psychoactive Plants"],"substances":["Anadenanthera","Vilca","San Pedro","Nicotiana"],"summary":"A concise archaeological site entry on Chavin de Huantar as a ceremonial center where architecture, controlled movement, sound, San Pedro imagery, and direct evidence for vilca and Nicotiana snuff formed part of institutionalized ritual practice.","excerpt":"A concise archaeological site entry on Chavin de Huantar as a ceremonial center where architecture, controlled movement, sound, San Pedro imagery, and direct evidence for vilca and Nicotiana snuff formed part of institutionalized ritual practice.","citation":"The Psychedelic History Archive. \"Chavin de Huantar.\" Archaeological site entry, compiled from UNESCO World Heritage documentation and cited archaeological scholarship.","rights_statement":"Editorial text by The Psychedelic History Archive. Images credited individually; review image licenses before reuse outside this archive.","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/d3f3729a-9a36-5655-b68f-f3bb1667ff22/images/chavin-de-huantar/chavin-cactus-bearer-thumbnail.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"bb740206-a1a7-5dc0-b82e-2f5e01dd311d","slug":"homeric-hymn-to-demeter-evelyn-white-1914","title":"The Homeric Hymn to Demeter","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/homeric-hymn-to-demeter-evelyn-white-1914","original_source_url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/348","source_kind":"single","display_date":"c. 650–550 BCE (this translation published 1914)","year":-650,"type":"Ancient Text","medium":"Text","era":"Pre-1800","region":"Greece","language":"Greek","people":["Homer","Hugh G. Evelyn-White"],"creators":[{"name":"Homer","role":"author"},{"name":"Hugh G. Evelyn-White","role":"translator"}],"tags":[],"substances":["Kykeon"],"summary":"The Homeric Hymn to Demeter (7th-6th century BCE) is the founding myth of the Eleusinian Mysteries. Disguised as an old woman, Demeter drinks kykeon (barley meal, water, and mint) and later teaches the Eleusinians the 'awful mysteries.'","excerpt":"The Homeric Hymn to Demeter (7th-6th century BCE) is the founding myth of the Eleusinian Mysteries. Disguised as an old woman, Demeter drinks kykeon (barley meal, water, and mint) and later teaches the Eleusinians the 'awful mysteries.'","citation":"Homer (attrib.). \"Hymn II: To Demeter.\" In Hesiod, the Homeric Hymns, and Homerica, translated by Hugh G. Evelyn-White (Loeb Classical Library). London: William Heinemann; New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1914.","rights_statement":"Public domain (translation published 1914).","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/bb740206-a1a7-5dc0-b82e-2f5e01dd311d/images/homeric-hymn-to-demeter-evelyn-white-1914/cover.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"55f4c0f6-881c-5874-b781-9964f26c7c98","slug":"clement-alexandria-exhortation-eleusinian-mysteries","title":"Exhortation to the Greeks (Chapter II, on the Eleusinian and Related Mysteries)","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/clement-alexandria-exhortation-eleusinian-mysteries","original_source_url":"https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Ante-Nicene_Fathers/Volume_II/Exhortation_to_the_Heathen","source_kind":"single","display_date":"c. 195 CE (this translation 1867/1885)","year":195,"type":"Ancient Text","medium":"Text","era":"Pre-1800","region":"Alexandria, Roman Egypt","language":"Greek","people":["Clement of Alexandria","William Wilson"],"creators":[{"name":"Clement of Alexandria","role":"author"},{"name":"William Wilson","role":"translator"}],"tags":[],"substances":["Kykeon"],"summary":"Clement of Alexandria's chapter from his Exhortation to the Greeks (c. 195 CE), exposing Greek mystery religions including the Eleusinian rites. He quotes the complete verbal formula recited over the kykeon and recounts the myth of Demeter and Baubo.","excerpt":"Clement of Alexandria's chapter from his Exhortation to the Greeks (c. 195 CE), exposing Greek mystery religions including the Eleusinian rites. He quotes the complete verbal formula recited over the kykeon and recounts the myth of Demeter and Baubo.","citation":"Clement of Alexandria. \"Exhortation to the Heathen,\" chap. II. In Ante-Nicene Christian Library, edited by Philip Schaff and others. American Reprint of the Edinburgh Edition. (Translation by William Wilson, original publication 1867/1885).","rights_statement":"Public domain (translation published 1867/1885).","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/55f4c0f6-881c-5874-b781-9964f26c7c98/images/clement-alexandria-exhortation-eleusinian-mysteries/cover.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"fab1f1da-ebe2-5453-947f-3ec50f9418f2","slug":"cueva-del-chileno","title":"Cueva del Chileno","subtitle":"A high-Andean ritual bundle with direct chemical evidence for multiple psychoactive plants","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/cueva-del-chileno","original_source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1902174116","source_kind":"single","display_date":"905-1170 CE","year":905,"type":"Archaeological Site","medium":"Image","era":"Pre-1800","region":"Bolivia; Lipez Altiplano; south-central Andes","language":"English","people":[],"creators":[],"tags":["Archaeology","Material Culture","Pharmacology","DMT","Ayahuasca"],"substances":["Coca","Harmine","Ayahuasca","DMT"],"summary":"A rock shelter in southwestern Bolivia where archaeologists found direct chemical evidence for ancient use of coca, harmine-bearing plants, DMT-bearing plants, and possibly psilocin.","excerpt":"A rock shelter in southwestern Bolivia where archaeologists found direct chemical evidence for ancient use of coca, harmine-bearing plants, DMT-bearing plants, and possibly psilocin.","citation":"Benjamin Breen, The Psychedelic History Archive. \"Cueva del Chileno.\" Archaeological site entry, compiled from Miller et al. 2019 and other archaeological site reporting.","rights_statement":"Editorial text by The Psychedelic History Archive. Images credited individually; review image licenses before reuse outside this archive.","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/fab1f1da-ebe2-5453-947f-3ec50f9418f2/images/cueva-del-chileno/cueva-del-chileno-rock-shelter.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"b6ed75b0-39c4-5391-a21d-08dbe8f05f9a","slug":"motolinia-teonanacatl-historia-indios-1541","title":"On Teonanácatl, the \"Flesh of God\"","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/motolinia-teonanacatl-historia-indios-1541","original_source_url":"https://archive.org/details/historiadelosind00moto","source_kind":"single","display_date":"c. 1541 (published 1858/1914)","year":1541,"type":"Manuscript","medium":"Text","era":"Pre-1800","region":"Mexico","language":"Spanish","people":["Toribio de Benavente"],"creators":[{"name":"Toribio de Benavente","role":"author"}],"tags":["Psilocybin"],"substances":["Psilocybin","Teonanácatl"],"summary":"Motolinía's account of Aztec mushroom intoxication from Historia de los indios de la Nueva España. He describes small bitter mushrooms producing visions of serpents and worms, names them Teonanácatl (\"flesh of God\"), and compares the rite to other Aztec communal meals.","excerpt":"Motolinía's account of Aztec mushroom intoxication from Historia de los indios de la Nueva España. He describes small bitter mushrooms producing visions of serpents and worms, names them Teonanácatl (\"flesh of God\"), and compares the rite to other Aztec communal meals.","citation":"Benavente, Toribio de (Motolinía). Historia de los indios de la Nueva España, escrita a mediados del siglo XVI. Edited by Joaquín García Icazbalceta (1858 ed.) / reprint (Mexico: Casa Editorial Bouret, 1914). Ch. 4.","rights_statement":"Public domain (composed c. 1541; this edition 1914).","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/b6ed75b0-39c4-5391-a21d-08dbe8f05f9a/images/motolinia-teonanacatl-historia-indios-1541/cover.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"6c385f7f-a8d5-5b66-bdff-8bef2e4bd92e","slug":"eighth-colloquy-bangue","title":"Eighth Colloquy: Bangue","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/eighth-colloquy-bangue","original_source_url":"https://archive.org/details/coloquiosdossimp01ortauoft","source_kind":"single","display_date":"1563; Portuguese edition 1891","year":1563,"type":"Source","medium":"Text","era":"Pre-1800","region":"Goa; India; Portuguese Empire","language":"Portuguese","people":["Garcia de Orta"],"creators":[{"name":"Garcia de Orta","role":"author"}],"tags":["Medicine","Cannabis"],"substances":["cannabis","Opium","Cannabis"],"summary":"A sixteenth-century Portuguese-Goan discussion of bangue, or bhang, describing cannabis preparations in South Asia, their relation to opium, and accounts of intoxication, appetite, laughter, sleep, and imaginative travel.","excerpt":"A sixteenth-century Portuguese-Goan discussion of bangue, or bhang, describing cannabis preparations in South Asia, their relation to opium, and accounts of intoxication, appetite, laughter, sleep, and imaginative travel.","citation":"Orta, Garcia de. \"Colóquio octavo do Bangue.\" In Colóquios dos simples e drogas da India, edited by Conde de Ficalho, vol. 1, 95-101. Lisbon: Imprensa Nacional, 1891. First published Goa, 1563.","rights_statement":"Public domain text from the 1891 critical edition of a 1563 Portuguese work.","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"full_text","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/6c385f7f-a8d5-5b66-bdff-8bef2e4bd92e/images/eighth-colloquy-bangue/01-garcia-da-orta-colloquies-cover.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"6240cad9-e9e2-5243-8c17-9130a30b78bb","slug":"sahagun-ololiuhqui-peyotl-teonanacatl","title":"Ololiuhqui, Peyotl, and Teonanácatl in the Florentine Codex","subtitle":"Sahagún’s Book 11 on herbs that intoxicate","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/sahagun-ololiuhqui-peyotl-teonanacatl","original_source_url":"https://florentinecodex.getty.edu/book/11/folio/129v","source_kind":"single","display_date":"c. 1577","year":1577,"type":"Source","medium":"Text","era":"Pre-1800","region":"New Spain; Mexico; Tlatelolco","language":"Spanish","people":["Bernardino de Sahagún"],"creators":[{"name":"Bernardino de Sahagún","role":"author"}],"tags":["Indigenous Knowledge","Ethnobotany","Psilocybin","Religion","Medicine","Psychoactive Plants"],"substances":["Ololiuhqui","Psilocybin","Peyote","Datura","Teonanácatl"],"summary":"Spanish entries from Book 11 of the Florentine Codex, the encyclopedia of Nahua life compiled by Bernardino de Sahagún and Nahua scholars at Tlatelolco around 1577. They describe ololiuhqui, peyotl, tlapatl, mixitl, and teonanácatl, plants and mushrooms that cause intoxication or visions, with an English translation made for the archive.","excerpt":"Spanish entries from Book 11 of the Florentine Codex, the encyclopedia of Nahua life compiled by Bernardino de Sahagún and Nahua scholars at Tlatelolco around 1577. They describe ololiuhqui, peyotl, tlapatl, mixitl, and teonanácatl, plants and mushrooms that cause intoxication or visions, with an English translation...","citation":"Sahagún, Bernardino de. “Capítulo VII en que se trata de todas las yerbas: Párrafo primero, de ciertas yerbas que enborrachan.” In Historia general de las cosas de Nueva España, Book 11, fols. 129v-131r. Florentine Codex, Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Mediceo Palatino 220, c. 1577. Digital Florentine Codex, Getty Research Institute, 2023.","rights_statement":"Sixteenth-century manuscript text is public domain. Digital folio images, PDFs, and Spanish transcription are accessed through the Getty Research Institute’s Digital Florentine Codex; review Getty citation and permissions guidance before republication.","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"translation_transcript_pdf","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/6240cad9-e9e2-5243-8c17-9130a30b78bb/pdf-thumbnails/sahagun-ololiuhqui-peyotl-teonanacatl/page-001.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"bc4b77a3-39fe-52c3-bab1-5933bc5c32ad","slug":"duran-hongos-monteses-teonanacatl","title":"Hongos monteses in Durán's Historia de las Indias de Nueva España","subtitle":"Mushrooms, coronations, and the feast of revelations","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/duran-hongos-monteses-teonanacatl","original_source_url":"https://archive.org/details/historiadelasind01dur","source_kind":"single","display_date":"c. 1581; published 1867","year":1581,"type":"Source","medium":"Text","era":"Pre-1800","region":"New Spain; Mexico; Tenochtitlan","language":"Spanish","people":["José F. Ramírez","Diego Durán"],"creators":[{"name":"José F. Ramírez","role":"editor"},{"name":"Diego Durán","role":"author"}],"tags":["Indigenous Knowledge","Ethnobotany","Psilocybin","Religion","Psychoactive Plants"],"substances":["Psilocybin","Mushrooms","Teonanácatl"],"summary":"Three passages from Diego Durán's Historia describing raw mountain mushrooms in Mexica royal ceremonial life: a coronation feast, Durán's note that mushrooms rather than wine appear as the chronicle's intoxicant, and Motecuhzoma's feast of revelations.","excerpt":"Three passages from Diego Durán's Historia describing raw mountain mushrooms in Mexica royal ceremonial life: a coronation feast, Durán's note that mushrooms rather than wine appear as the chronicle's intoxicant, and Motecuhzoma's feast of revelations.","citation":"Durán, Diego. Historia de las Indias de Nueva España y islas de Tierra Firme. Published with notes and illustrations by José F. Ramírez. Vol. 1. Mexico City: Imprenta de J. M. Andrade y F. Escalante, 1867, pp. 319-322, 336-338, 429-432.","rights_statement":"Public domain. The excerpt PDF was prepared from the Internet Archive scan of the 1867 Mexico City edition.","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"translation_transcript_pdf","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/bc4b77a3-39fe-52c3-bab1-5933bc5c32ad/pdf-thumbnails/duran-hongos-monteses-teonanacatl/page-001.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"f23e9da6-f7de-558c-9660-b82dbc7e0f1d","slug":"francisco-hernandez-ximenez-ololiuhqui-1615","title":"De la yerva que llaman Ololiuhqui","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/francisco-hernandez-ximenez-ololiuhqui-1615","original_source_url":"https://archive.org/details/quatrolibrosdela00hern","source_kind":"single","display_date":"1615","year":1615,"type":"Book","medium":"Text","era":"Pre-1800","region":"Mexico","language":"Spanish","people":["Francisco Hernández","Francisco Ximénez"],"creators":[{"name":"Francisco Hernández","role":"author"},{"name":"Francisco Ximénez","role":"translator"}],"tags":[],"substances":["Ololiuhqui"],"summary":"Chapter 14 of Francisco Ximénez's 1615 Spanish redaction of Hernández's natural history, describing ololiuhqui. Ximénez gives the plant's Nahuatl name cohuaxihuitl ('serpent herb'), its medicinal uses, and records that priests ate it to commune with the devil and see a thousand phantasms.","excerpt":"Chapter 14 of Francisco Ximénez's 1615 Spanish redaction of Hernández's natural history, describing ololiuhqui. Ximénez gives the plant's Nahuatl name cohuaxihuitl ('serpent herb'), its medicinal uses, and records that priests ate it to commune with the devil and see a thousand phantasms.","citation":"Hernández, Francisco. Quatro libros. De la naturaleza, y virtudes de las plantas, y animales que están recibidos en el uso de medicina en la Nueva España, y la methodo, y correccion, y preparacion, que para administrallas se requiere, con lo que el doctor Francisco Hernández escrivió en lengua latina. Translated and abridged by Francisco Ximénez. Mexico: Casa de la viuda de Diego López Dávalos, 1615. Book 2, ch. 14, \"De la yerva que llaman Ololiuhqui.\"","rights_statement":"Public domain (published before 1930).","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/f23e9da6-f7de-558c-9660-b82dbc7e0f1d/images/francisco-hernandez-ximenez-ololiuhqui-1615/cover.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"5baa1d7f-157a-5b67-9e48-73fa0a0317d0","slug":"inquisition-edict-peyote-1620","title":"Edict of the Mexican Inquisition Prohibiting the Use of Peyote (1620)","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/inquisition-edict-peyote-1620","original_source_url":"https://archive.org/details/sim_american-anthropologist_april-june-1942_44_2/page/n158/mode/1up","source_kind":"single","display_date":"19 June 1620","year":1620,"type":"Source","medium":"Text","era":"Pre-1800","region":"Mexico","language":"Spanish","people":["Irving A. Leonard","Tribunal del Santo Oficio de la Inquisición de México"],"creators":[{"name":"Irving A. Leonard","role":"editor"},{"name":"Tribunal del Santo Oficio de la Inquisición de México","role":"author"}],"tags":["Prohibition"],"substances":["Peyote"],"summary":"An edict of the Mexican tribunal of the Holy Office, issued in Mexico City on 19 June 1620 over the signature of Licenciado Pedro Nabarre de Isla, prohibiting the use of peyote to discover thefts and divine hidden or future events. The inquisitors deny the plant any natural power to produce visions, attribute them to the devil, threaten users with excommunication and proceedings as suspects in the faith, and pardon use before the edict's publication. The Spanish text is hosted as printed by Irving A. Leonard (1896–1996) in American Anthropologist in 1942, with a new English translation.","excerpt":"An edict of the Mexican tribunal of the Holy Office, issued in Mexico City on 19 June 1620 over the signature of Licenciado Pedro Nabarre de Isla, prohibiting the use of peyote to discover thefts and divine hidden or future events. The inquisitors deny the plant any natural power to produce visions, attribute them t...","citation":"Tribunal del Santo Oficio de la Inquisición de México, edict against peyote, Mexico City, 19 June 1620, Archivo General de la Nación, Ramo de Inquisición, tomo 289; printed in Irving A. Leonard, \"Peyote and the Mexican Inquisition, 1620,\" American Anthropologist, n.s., 44, no. 2 (1942): 324–26.","rights_statement":"Public domain. The 1620 edict is a government document centuries out of copyright. Leonard's 1942 printing appeared in American Anthropologist, for which the Online Books Page serials survey reports no issue renewals and no renewed contributions before 1953; a 1942 US publication not renewed is in the US public domain. The English translation is new to the archive.","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/5baa1d7f-157a-5b67-9e48-73fa0a0317d0/images/inquisition-edict-peyote-1620/cover.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"0a6071cc-d458-58d5-8626-010d9776ea35","slug":"ololiuhqui-peyote-idolatrias-supersticiones","title":"Ololiuhqui and Peyote in Idolatrías y supersticiones de los indios","subtitle":"Colonial anti-idolatry texts on divination, healing, and visionary plants","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/ololiuhqui-peyote-idolatrias-supersticiones","original_source_url":"https://archive.org/details/idolatrasysupers00ponc","source_kind":"single","display_date":"1629-1656; published 1892","year":1629,"type":"Source","medium":"Text","era":"Pre-1800","region":"New Spain; Mexico","language":"Spanish","people":["Pedro Ponce de León","Nicolás León","Hernando Ruiz de Alarcón","Jacinto de la Serna"],"creators":[{"name":"Pedro Ponce de León","role":"author"},{"name":"Nicolás León","role":"editor"},{"name":"Hernando Ruiz de Alarcón","role":"author"},{"name":"Jacinto de la Serna","role":"author"}],"tags":["Indigenous Knowledge","Ethnobotany","Religion","Medicine","Psychoactive Plants"],"substances":["Ololiuhqui","Peyote"],"summary":"A set of Spanish colonial anti-idolatry excerpts describing ololiuhqui and peyote as oracular substances used in healing, theft investigation, divination, and diagnosis of sorcery. The source preserves rare early descriptions of visionary plant practice while also showing how clerical authorities criminalized and demonized Indigenous ritual knowledge.","excerpt":"A set of Spanish colonial anti-idolatry excerpts describing ololiuhqui and peyote as oracular substances used in healing, theft investigation, divination, and diagnosis of sorcery. The source preserves rare early descriptions of visionary plant practice while also showing how clerical authorities criminalized and de...","citation":"Ponce de León, Pedro, Hernando Ruiz de Alarcón, Jacinto de la Serna, and others. Idolatrías y supersticiones de los indios. Edited by Nicolás León. Anales del Museo Nacional de México, tomo 6. Mexico: Imprenta del Museo Nacional, 1892, pp. 11, 142-147, 385-388.","rights_statement":"Public domain. The excerpt PDF was prepared from the Internet Archive scan of the 1892 Museo Nacional edition.","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"translation_transcript_pdf","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/0a6071cc-d458-58d5-8626-010d9776ea35/pdf-thumbnails/ololiuhqui-peyote-idolatrias-supersticiones/page-001.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"3fbf0987-bb3d-5198-a06b-a90e937def9e","slug":"strahlenberg-fly-agaric-koryak-1736","title":"An Histori-Geographical Description of the North and Eastern Part of Europe and Asia: \"Koræiki\"","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/strahlenberg-fly-agaric-koryak-1736","original_source_url":"https://archive.org/details/bim_eighteenth-century_das-nord-und-ostliche-t_strahlenberg-philip-joh_1736/page/n427/mode/1up","source_kind":"single","display_date":"1736 (German original 1730)","year":1736,"type":"Book","medium":"Text","era":"Pre-1800","region":"Kamchatka, Siberia","language":"English","people":["Philip Johan von Strahlenberg"],"creators":[{"name":"Philip Johan von Strahlenberg","role":"author"}],"tags":[],"substances":["Fly agaric","Amanita muscaria"],"summary":"The entry \"Koræiki\" from the anonymous 1736 London translation of Das Nord- und Ostliche Theil von Europa und Asia (Stockholm, 1730) by Philip Johan von Strahlenberg (1676–1747), a Swedish officer captured at Poltava who spent over a decade as a prisoner in Siberia. Strahlenberg reports that Russian traders exchanged the mushroom Muchumor for Koryak furs, that wealthy Koryaks boiled it and drank the liquor at feasts, and that the poor drank the urine of intoxicated guests to share the effect. The full entry is hosted from pp. 396–97 of the 1736 printing.","excerpt":"The entry \"Koræiki\" from the anonymous 1736 London translation of Das Nord- und Ostliche Theil von Europa und Asia (Stockholm, 1730) by Philip Johan von Strahlenberg (1676–1747), a Swedish officer captured at Poltava who spent over a decade as a prisoner in Siberia. Strahlenberg reports that Russian traders exchange...","citation":"Philip Johan von Strahlenberg, An Histori-Geographical Description of the North and Eastern Part of Europe and Asia; But More Particularly of Russia, Siberia, and Great Tartary (London: W. Innys and R. Manby, and L. Gilliver, 1736), 396–97, s.v. \"Koræiki.\"","rights_statement":"Public domain (published before 1930)","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/3fbf0987-bb3d-5198-a06b-a90e937def9e/images/strahlenberg-fly-agaric-koryak-1736/cover.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"4d987c16-ef7e-52c3-8978-41774dca09b5","slug":"krasheninnikov-kamtschatka-fly-agaric","title":"The History of Kamtschatka, and the Kurilski Islands, with the Countries Adjacent","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/krasheninnikov-kamtschatka-fly-agaric","original_source_url":"https://archive.org/details/historyofkamtsch00kras","source_kind":"single","display_date":"1764 (English translation; Russian original 1755)","year":1764,"type":"Book","medium":"Text","era":"Pre-1800","region":"Kamchatka, Siberia","language":"English","people":["James Grieve","Stepan Krasheninnikov"],"creators":[{"name":"James Grieve","role":"translator"},{"name":"Stepan Krasheninnikov","role":"author"}],"tags":[],"substances":["Fly agaric","Amanita muscaria"],"summary":"Krasheninnikov's 1764 English translation describes fly-agaric (Amanita muscaria) intoxication in Kamchatka: its effects, use by the Koryak, and the practice of drinking an intoxicated person's urine to prolong inebriation. He covers dose-dependent effects and behavioral consequences including murderous impulses.","excerpt":"Krasheninnikov's 1764 English translation describes fly-agaric (Amanita muscaria) intoxication in Kamchatka: its effects, use by the Koryak, and the practice of drinking an intoxicated person's urine to prolong inebriation. He covers dose-dependent effects and behavioral consequences including murderous impulses.","citation":"Stepan Krasheninnikov, The History of Kamtschatka, and the Kurilski Islands, with the Countries Adjacent, trans. James Grieve (Gloucester: R. Raikes; London: T. Jefferys, 1764), 207-209.","rights_statement":"Public domain (published before 1930)","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/4d987c16-ef7e-52c3-8978-41774dca09b5/images/krasheninnikov-kamtschatka-fly-agaric/cover.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"2e05bf1b-3ea1-5d99-bbfb-2b610809ad4c","slug":"veigl-ayahuasca-maynas","title":"Franz Xaver Veigl on Ayahuasca in Maynas","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/veigl-ayahuasca-maynas","original_source_url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/veigl-ayahuasca","source_kind":"single","display_date":"c. 1768–1785 (exact date unclear)","year":1768,"type":"Source","medium":"Text","era":"Pre-1800","region":"Maynas; Peruvian Amazon","language":"Latin (English translation)","people":["Franz Xaver Veigl"],"creators":[{"name":"Franz Xaver Veigl","role":"author"}],"tags":["Ayahuasca"],"substances":["Ayahuasca"],"summary":"Franz Xaver Veigl, a German Jesuit who worked in the mission province of Maynas in the upper Amazon until the Jesuits were expelled in 1768, describes healers and visionary drinks there. He writes that people who drank \"hayac huasca\" saw \"absolutely enormous visions\" and seemed to travel far away, and, like other missionaries of his time, he treats this as dealings with the devil. English translation of Latin passages from his account of Maynas.","excerpt":"Franz Xaver Veigl, a German Jesuit who worked in the mission province of Maynas in the upper Amazon until the Jesuits were expelled in 1768, describes healers and visionary drinks there. He writes that people who drank \"hayac huasca\" saw \"absolutely enormous visions\" and seemed to travel far away, and, like other mi...","citation":"Franz Xaver Veigl, \"Provinciae Maynensis in America Meridionali, ad annum usque 1768,\" in Christoph Gottlieb von Murr, ed., Journal zur Kunstgeschichte und zur allgemeinen Litteratur, pp. 55–56, 138–139.","rights_statement":"Needs rights review before republication.","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/2e05bf1b-3ea1-5d99-bbfb-2b610809ad4c/images/veigl-ayahuasca/01-content-2.jpeg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"f11b2730-ecc7-5ba6-b5d8-343a3b1ce8b6","slug":"researches-chemical-and-philosophical-chiefly-concerning-nitrous-oxide","title":"Researches, Chemical and Philosophical; Chiefly Concerning Nitrous Oxide","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/researches-chemical-and-philosophical-chiefly-concerning-nitrous-oxide","original_source_url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/66955","source_kind":"single","display_date":"1800","year":1800,"type":"Source","medium":"Text","era":"1800-1950","region":"Britain","language":"English","people":["Humphry Davy"],"creators":[{"name":"Humphry Davy","role":"author"}],"tags":["Nitrous Oxide","Self-Experiment","Anesthesia"],"substances":["Nitrous oxide","Nitrous Oxide"],"summary":"Humphry Davy's account of breathing nitrous oxide at Thomas Beddoes's Pneumatic Institution in Bristol in 1799, from the fourth part of his Researches. The excerpt gives Davy's own experiments, including the session that ended with \"Nothing exists but thoughts!\", and the reports he collected from Robert Southey, Peter Roget, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, and Thomas Wedgwood.","excerpt":"Humphry Davy's account of breathing nitrous oxide at Thomas Beddoes's Pneumatic Institution in Bristol in 1799, from the fourth part of his Researches. The excerpt gives Davy's own experiments, including the session that ended with \"Nothing exists but thoughts!\", and the reports he collected from Robert Southey, Pet...","citation":"Humphry Davy, Researches, Chemical and Philosophical; Chiefly Concerning Nitrous Oxide, or Dephlogisticated Nitrous Air, and Its Respiration (London: J. Johnson, 1800), Research IV.","rights_statement":"Public domain in the United States; Project Gutenberg text.","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/f11b2730-ecc7-5ba6-b5d8-343a3b1ce8b6/images/researches-chemical-and-philosophical-chiefly-concerning-nitrous-oxide/davy-pneumaticks-lecture-thumbnail.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"36ae1710-260c-5f1d-85cb-7fddcd609b1e","slug":"langsdorff-fly-agaric-koryak","title":"Fly Agaric among the Koryaks in Langsdorff's Bemerkungen","subtitle":"A Kamchatka note on mushroom trade and intoxication","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/langsdorff-fly-agaric-koryak","original_source_url":"https://archive.org/details/bemerkungenaufe00langgoog","source_kind":"single","display_date":"1812","year":1812,"type":"Source","medium":"Text","era":"1800-1950","region":"Kamchatka; Siberia; Russian Empire","language":"German","people":["Georg Heinrich von Langsdorff"],"creators":[{"name":"Georg Heinrich von Langsdorff","role":"author"}],"tags":["Anthropology","Psychoactive Plants"],"substances":["Fly agaric","Amanita muscaria","Mushrooms"],"summary":"Langsdorff's 1812 German voyage account records fly agaric in Koryak trade with Russians and Kamchadals, noting in a footnote that Koryaks preferred it to brandy as a stupefying or intoxicating substance.","excerpt":"Langsdorff's 1812 German voyage account records fly agaric in Koryak trade with Russians and Kamchadals, noting in a footnote that Koryaks preferred it to brandy as a stupefying or intoxicating substance.","citation":"Langsdorff, Georg Heinrich von. Bemerkungen auf einer Reise um die Welt in den Jahren 1803 bis 1807. Vol. 2. Frankfurt am Main: Friedrich Wilmans, 1812, pp. 274-276.","rights_statement":"Public domain. The excerpt PDF was prepared from the Internet Archive/Google Books scan of the 1812 Frankfurt edition.","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"translation_transcript_pdf","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/36ae1710-260c-5f1d-85cb-7fddcd609b1e/pdf-thumbnails/langsdorff-fly-agaric-koryak/page-001.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"16e6b3f3-4466-5afe-be82-f5a6e72e865a","slug":"humboldt-bonpland-niopo-otomacs","title":"Niopo among the Otomac in Humboldt and Bonpland's Personal Narrative","subtitle":"Orinoco snuff, Acacia niopo, and curupa in an 1821 travel narrative","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/humboldt-bonpland-niopo-otomacs","original_source_url":"https://archive.org/details/personalnarrati521821humb","source_kind":"single","display_date":"1821","year":1821,"type":"Source","medium":"Text","era":"1800-1950","region":"Orinoco; Orinoquia; Venezuela","language":"English","people":["Helen Maria Williams","Alexander von Humboldt","Aimé Bonpland"],"creators":[{"name":"Helen Maria Williams","role":"translator"},{"name":"Alexander von Humboldt","role":"author"},{"name":"Aimé Bonpland","role":"author"}],"tags":["Indigenous Knowledge","Ethnobotany","Anthropology","Psychoactive Plants"],"substances":["Yopo","Niopo"],"summary":"Humboldt and Bonpland's Personal Narrative describes niopo snuff among the Otomac on the Orinoco, including preparation from Acacia niopo, nasal apparatus, missionary testimony, and comparison with curupa.","excerpt":"Humboldt and Bonpland's Personal Narrative describes niopo snuff among the Otomac on the Orinoco, including preparation from Acacia niopo, nasal apparatus, missionary testimony, and comparison with curupa.","citation":"Humboldt, Alexander von, and Aimé Bonpland. Personal Narrative of Travels to the Equinoctial Regions of the New Continent, during the Years 1799-1804. Translated by Helen Maria Williams. Vol. 5, part 2. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, 1821, pp. 662-665.","rights_statement":"Public domain. The excerpt PDF was prepared from the Internet Archive scan of the 1821 London edition.","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_pdf","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/16e6b3f3-4466-5afe-be82-f5a6e72e865a/pdf-thumbnails/humboldt-bonpland-niopo-otomacs/page-001.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"683049c6-2238-50ce-abba-9205e7b1b01a","slug":"spix-martius-parica-muras","title":"Paricá among the Mura in Spix and Martius's Reise in Brasilien","subtitle":"A German travel account of Amazonian snuff, ceremony, and intoxication","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/spix-martius-parica-muras","original_source_url":"https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000220282","source_kind":"single","display_date":"1831","year":1831,"type":"Source","medium":"Text","era":"1800-1950","region":"Brazil; Amazonia; Madeira River","language":"German","people":["Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius","Johann Baptist von Spix"],"creators":[{"name":"Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius","role":"author"},{"name":"Johann Baptist von Spix","role":"author"}],"tags":["Indigenous Knowledge","Ethnobotany","Anthropology","Psychoactive Plants"],"substances":["Paricá"],"summary":"Spix and Martius's 1831 German travel narrative describes paricá among the Mura, including preparation from dried seeds, ceremonial use, insufflation through tubes, and comparison with fly agaric intoxication.","excerpt":"Spix and Martius's 1831 German travel narrative describes paricá among the Mura, including preparation from dried seeds, ceremonial use, insufflation through tubes, and comparison with fly agaric intoxication.","citation":"Spix, Johann Baptist von, and Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius. Reise in Brasilien auf Befehl Sr. Majestät Maximilian Joseph I., Königs von Baiern, in den Jahren 1817 bis 1820 gemacht und beschrieben. Vol. 3. Munich: bei dem Verfasser; Leipzig: in Commission bei Friedrich Fleischer, 1831, pp. 1074-1076.","rights_statement":"Public domain. The excerpt PDF was prepared from the Internet Archive scan of the 1831 Munich/Leipzig edition.","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"translation_transcript_pdf","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/683049c6-2238-50ce-abba-9205e7b1b01a/pdf-thumbnails/spix-martius-parica-muras/page-001.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"b523299a-a9fe-5057-9912-3d3fcad18096","slug":"moreau-hachisch-alienation-mentale","title":"Hashish and Mental Alienation","subtitle":"Moreau de Tours on dawamesc, self-experiment, and experimental psychiatry","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/moreau-hachisch-alienation-mentale","original_source_url":"https://archive.org/details/duhachischetdel00moregoog","source_kind":"single","display_date":"1845","year":1845,"type":"Source","medium":"Text","era":"1800-1950","region":"France; Europe","language":"French","people":["Jacques-Joseph Moreau"],"creators":[{"name":"Jacques-Joseph Moreau","role":"author"}],"tags":["Psychiatry","Cannabis","Medicine","Psychoactive Plants","Clinical","Pharmacology"],"substances":["Hashish","cannabis","Cannabis"],"summary":"Selected passages from Moreau de Tours's 1845 psychiatric treatise on hashish, including his insistence on personal experience, description of dawamesc preparation and dosing, and claim that hashish offered a unique experimental route into the psychology of madness.","excerpt":"Selected passages from Moreau de Tours's 1845 psychiatric treatise on hashish, including his insistence on personal experience, description of dawamesc preparation and dosing, and claim that hashish offered a unique experimental route into the psychology of madness.","citation":"Moreau, Jacques-Joseph. Du hachisch et de l'aliénation mentale: études psychologiques. Paris: Fortin, Masson et Cie, 1845, pp. 1-9, 29-32.","rights_statement":"Public domain. The excerpt PDF was prepared from the Internet Archive/Google Books scan of the 1845 Paris edition.","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"translation_transcript_pdf","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/b523299a-a9fe-5057-9912-3d3fcad18096/pdf-thumbnails/moreau-hachisch-alienation-mentale/page-001.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"95b02c4f-765c-5901-913f-53ecc688485c","slug":"bibra-fliegenschwamm-haschisch-genussmittel","title":"Fly Agaric and Hashish in Die narkotischen Genussmittel","subtitle":"Ernst von Bibra's German comparative account of Amanita and Cannabis","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/bibra-fliegenschwamm-haschisch-genussmittel","original_source_url":"https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_GDIbAAAAYAAJ","source_kind":"single","display_date":"1855","year":1855,"type":"Source","medium":"Text","era":"1800-1950","region":"Germany; Europe; Siberia; Central Asia; South Asia","language":"German","people":["Ernst von Bibra"],"creators":[{"name":"Ernst von Bibra","role":"author"}],"tags":["Pharmacology","Cannabis","Psychoactive Plants"],"substances":["Fly agaric","Amanita muscaria","Hashish","cannabis","Mushrooms","Cannabis"],"summary":"Selective excerpts from Ernst von Bibra's 1855 German survey of narcotic Genussmittel, focused on fly agaric and hashish. The passages show a mid-century comparative framework linking Amanita, Cannabis, opium, alcohol, travel accounts, chemistry, and differential effects across persons and places.","excerpt":"Selective excerpts from Ernst von Bibra's 1855 German survey of narcotic Genussmittel, focused on fly agaric and hashish. The passages show a mid-century comparative framework linking Amanita, Cannabis, opium, alcohol, travel accounts, chemistry, and differential effects across persons and places.","citation":"Bibra, Ernst Freiherr von. Die narkotischen Genussmittel und der Mensch. Nürnberg: Verlag von Wilhelm Schmid, 1855, pp. 135-139, 265-270.","rights_statement":"Public domain. The excerpt PDF was prepared from the Internet Archive/Google Books scan of the 1855 Nuremberg edition.","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"translation_transcript_pdf","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/95b02c4f-765c-5901-913f-53ecc688485c/pdf-thumbnails/bibra-fliegenschwamm-haschisch-genussmittel/page-001.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"12f1e602-bc11-5861-9424-61766b55fc2d","slug":"ludlow-hasheesh-eater-1857","title":"The Hasheesh Eater","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/ludlow-hasheesh-eater-1857","original_source_url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/veigl-ayahuasca-jyhs5-m8ty7","source_kind":"single","display_date":"1857","year":1857,"type":"Source","medium":"Text","era":"1800-1950","region":"United States","language":"English","people":["Fitz Hugh Ludlow"],"creators":[{"name":"Fitz Hugh Ludlow","role":"author"}],"tags":["Trip Reports","Cannabis"],"substances":["cannabis","Cannabis"],"summary":"Fitz Hugh Ludlow's account of his cannabis use as a young man in Poughkeepsie and at Union College, published anonymously in 1857 when he was twenty-one. In this excerpt (pages 18–26) he finds Cannabis indica at a local apothecary's shop, reads about it in the Dispensatory, and takes his first doses.","excerpt":"Fitz Hugh Ludlow's account of his cannabis use as a young man in Poughkeepsie and at Union College, published anonymously in 1857 when he was twenty-one. In this excerpt (pages 18–26) he finds Cannabis indica at a local apothecary's shop, reads about it in the Dispensatory, and takes his first doses.","citation":"[Fitz Hugh Ludlow], The Hasheesh Eater: Being Passages from the Life of a Pythagorean (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1857), pp. 18–26.","rights_statement":"Public domain in the United States (published 1857).","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/12f1e602-bc11-5861-9424-61766b55fc2d/images/veigl-ayahuasca-jyhs5-m8ty7/01-image-18-19-hasheesh-eater.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"e9a61758-2d50-5852-99c2-12a544ed29c5","slug":"villavicencio-ayahuasca-geografia-ecuador","title":"Ayahuasca in Villavicencio's Geografía de la República del Ecuador","subtitle":"An 1858 Ecuadorian account of ayahuasca visions and divination","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/villavicencio-ayahuasca-geografia-ecuador","original_source_url":"https://archive.org/details/geografiadelare00villgoog","source_kind":"single","display_date":"1858","year":1858,"type":"Source","medium":"Text","era":"1800-1950","region":"Ecuador; Amazonia; Napo-Pastaza","language":"Spanish","people":["Manuel Villavicencio"],"creators":[{"name":"Manuel Villavicencio","role":"author"}],"tags":["Indigenous Knowledge","Ethnobotany","Medicine","Anthropology","Psychoactive Plants","Ayahuasca"],"substances":["Ayahuasca"],"summary":"Manuel Villavicencio's 1858 geography gives an early Spanish account of ayahuasca among Indigenous groups of eastern Ecuador, including divination, warfare, illness diagnosis, visionary effects, and a first-person report of his own experience.","excerpt":"Manuel Villavicencio's 1858 geography gives an early Spanish account of ayahuasca among Indigenous groups of eastern Ecuador, including divination, warfare, illness diagnosis, visionary effects, and a first-person report of his own experience.","citation":"Villavicencio, Manuel. Geografía de la República del Ecuador. New York: Imprenta de Robert Craighead, 1858, pp. 371-373.","rights_statement":"Public domain. The excerpt PDF was prepared from the Internet Archive/Google Books scan of the 1858 New York edition.","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"translation_transcript_pdf","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/e9a61758-2d50-5852-99c2-12a544ed29c5/pdf-thumbnails/villavicencio-ayahuasca-geografia-ecuador/page-001.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"af9b09a9-3e19-5a39-b33f-afb9e91a01f5","slug":"cooke-seven-sisters-sleep-amanita","title":"The Seven Sisters of Sleep: Popular History of the Seven Prevailing Narcotics of the World","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/cooke-seven-sisters-sleep-amanita","original_source_url":"https://archive.org/details/b24864456","source_kind":"single","display_date":"1860","year":1860,"type":"Book","medium":"Text","era":"1800-1950","region":"Siberia","language":"English","people":["Mordecai Cubitt Cooke"],"creators":[{"name":"Mordecai Cubitt Cooke","role":"author"}],"tags":[],"substances":["Fly agaric","Amanita muscaria"],"summary":"One of seven chapters in a British mycologist's popular survey of the world's narcotics, this one on Amanita muscaria. Cooke gathers the earlier Siberian accounts of Krasheninnikov, Gmelin and Pallas, and describes the preparation, the staged effects, and the urine-drinking practice.","excerpt":"One of seven chapters in a British mycologist's popular survey of the world's narcotics, this one on Amanita muscaria. Cooke gathers the earlier Siberian accounts of Krasheninnikov, Gmelin and Pallas, and describes the preparation, the staged effects, and the urine-drinking practice.","citation":"Mordecai Cubitt Cooke, The Seven Sisters of Sleep: Popular History of the Seven Prevailing Narcotics of the World (London: James Blackwood, 1860), chap. VII, \"Amanita.\"","rights_statement":"Public domain (published before 1930)","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/af9b09a9-3e19-5a39-b33f-afb9e91a01f5/images/cooke-seven-sisters-sleep-amanita/cover.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"e1930dcf-8586-581d-a9dc-8225cd3c037f","slug":"griffon-du-bellay-le-gabon-iboga-1865","title":"Le Gabon (Deuxième partie)","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/griffon-du-bellay-le-gabon-iboga-1865","original_source_url":"https://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/Le_Gabon/02","source_kind":"single","display_date":"1865","year":1865,"type":"Source","medium":"Text","era":"1800-1950","region":"Gabon","language":"French","people":["Marie-Théophile Griffon du Bellay"],"creators":[{"name":"Marie-Théophile Griffon du Bellay","role":"author"}],"tags":["Ethnobotany"],"substances":["Iboga"],"summary":"A French naval physician's 1865 travel account surveys Gabon's food plants and condiments, describing iboga as a stimulant and aphrodisiac used by paddlers on long canoe trips. He gives it the genus name 'taberna-ventricosa,' later corrected by Baillon.","excerpt":"A French naval physician's 1865 travel account surveys Gabon's food plants and condiments, describing iboga as a stimulant and aphrodisiac used by paddlers on long canoe trips. He gives it the genus name 'taberna-ventricosa,' later corrected by Baillon.","citation":"Griffon du Bellay. \"Le Gabon.\" Le Tour du Monde: Journal des Voyages 12 (1865): 289–304.","rights_statement":"Public domain (published 1865).","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/e1930dcf-8586-581d-a9dc-8225cd3c037f/images/griffon-du-bellay-le-gabon-iboga-1865/cover.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"31d3a4d0-34c8-5288-b266-788b7f5d7891","slug":"spruce-caapi-niopo-remarkable-narcotics","title":"Caapi and Niopo in “On Some Remarkable Narcotics of the Amazon Valley and Orinoco”","subtitle":"Richard Spruce on ayahuasca, yopo/paricá, and Amazonian medicine-men","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/spruce-caapi-niopo-remarkable-narcotics","original_source_url":"https://archive.org/details/notesofbotanisto00spruuoft","source_kind":"single","display_date":"c. 1870; published 1908","year":1870,"type":"Source","medium":"Text","era":"1800-1950","region":"Amazonia; Orinoco; Uaupés; Ecuadorian Andes","language":"English","people":["Richard Spruce","Alfred Russel Wallace"],"creators":[{"name":"Richard Spruce","role":"author"},{"name":"Alfred Russel Wallace","role":"editor"}],"tags":["Indigenous Knowledge","Ethnobotany","Ayahuasca","Religion","Medicine","Anthropology","Psychoactive Plants"],"substances":["Yopo","Niopo","Paricá","Ayahuasca"],"summary":"Richard Spruce's nineteenth-century account of caapi, aya-huasca, niopo, and paricá, based on field observations in the Uaupés, Orinoco, Rio Negro, Napo, and Pastasa regions. The excerpt records plant identifications, preparation methods, visual effects, ceremonial uses, and the role of payes in curing and divination.","excerpt":"Richard Spruce's nineteenth-century account of caapi, aya-huasca, niopo, and paricá, based on field observations in the Uaupés, Orinoco, Rio Negro, Napo, and Pastasa regions. The excerpt records plant identifications, preparation methods, visual effects, ceremonial uses, and the role of payes in curing and divination.","citation":"Spruce, Richard. “On Some Remarkable Narcotics of the Amazon Valley and Orinoco.” In Notes of a Botanist on the Amazon & Andes, edited by Alfred Russel Wallace, vol. 2, 413-433. London: Macmillan, 1908. Essay compiled c. 1870 from field observations made in the 1850s.","rights_statement":"Public domain. The excerpt PDF was prepared from the Internet Archive scan of the 1908 Macmillan edition.","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_pdf","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/31d3a4d0-34c8-5288-b266-788b7f5d7891/pdf-thumbnails/spruce-caapi-niopo-remarkable-narcotics/page-001.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"9a469a69-e70c-56a5-a864-a949d48a9c52","slug":"kennan-tent-life-siberia-fly-agaric","title":"Tent Life in Siberia","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/kennan-tent-life-siberia-fly-agaric","original_source_url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/12328","source_kind":"single","display_date":"1870","year":1870,"type":"Book","medium":"Text","era":"1800-1950","region":"Kamchatka, Siberia","language":"English","people":["George Kennan"],"creators":[{"name":"George Kennan","role":"author"}],"tags":[],"substances":["Fly agaric","Amanita muscaria"],"summary":"An American telegraph surveyor's account of Koryak men intoxicated on fly-agaric at a wedding celebration in northern Kamchatka. Kennan describes the mushroom's price, preparation, etiquette of serving, and the trade dynamics between Russian merchants and Koryak consumers.","excerpt":"An American telegraph surveyor's account of Koryak men intoxicated on fly-agaric at a wedding celebration in northern Kamchatka. Kennan describes the mushroom's price, preparation, etiquette of serving, and the trade dynamics between Russian merchants and Koryak consumers.","citation":"George Kennan, Tent Life in Siberia: Adventures among the Koraks and Other Tribes in Kamchatka and Northern Asia (New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1870), chap. XVII.","rights_statement":"Public domain (published before 1930)","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/9a469a69-e70c-56a5-a864-a949d48a9c52/images/kennan-tent-life-siberia-fly-agaric/cover.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"d96b9be3-01fa-5400-a92e-9c99722a5ae2","slug":"the-anaesthetic-revelation-and-the-gist-of-philosophy","title":"The Anaesthetic Revelation and the Gist of Philosophy","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/the-anaesthetic-revelation-and-the-gist-of-philosophy","original_source_url":"https://archive.org/details/anstheticrevela00bloogoog","source_kind":"single","display_date":"1874","year":1874,"type":"Source","medium":"Text","era":"1800-1950","region":"United States","language":"English","people":["Benjamin Paul Blood"],"creators":[{"name":"Benjamin Paul Blood","role":"author"}],"tags":["Nitrous Oxide","Anesthesia"],"substances":["Nitrous oxide","anaesthetics","ether","Nitrous Oxide","Ether"],"summary":"Benjamin Paul Blood's privately printed 1874 pamphlet, the source of the phrase \"anaesthetic revelation.\" Hosted here is the section in which Blood, after nearly fourteen years of experiments with anaesthetics, describes the insight that comes at the moment of \"coming to.\" William James reviewed the pamphlet that year and later quoted this passage in The Varieties of Religious Experience.","excerpt":"Benjamin Paul Blood's privately printed 1874 pamphlet, the source of the phrase \"anaesthetic revelation.\" Hosted here is the section in which Blood, after nearly fourteen years of experiments with anaesthetics, describes the insight that comes at the moment of \"coming to.\" William James reviewed the pamphlet that ye...","citation":"Benjamin Paul Blood, The Anaesthetic Revelation and the Gist of Philosophy (Amsterdam, N.Y.: privately printed, 1874), pp. 33–37.","rights_statement":"Public domain scan/OCR via Internet Archive.","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/d96b9be3-01fa-5400-a92e-9c99722a5ae2/images/the-anaesthetic-revelation-and-the-gist-of-philosophy/01-anaesthetic-revelation.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"258c6303-3d34-577d-996c-736b5bfd9aff","slug":"review-of-the-anaesthetic-revelation-and-the-gist-of-philosophy","title":"Review of The Anaesthetic Revelation and the Gist of Philosophy","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/review-of-the-anaesthetic-revelation-and-the-gist-of-philosophy","original_source_url":"https://selfdefinition.org/psychology/articles/james-review-anaesthetic-revelation-gist-of-philosophy.htm","source_kind":"single","display_date":"1874","year":1874,"type":"Source","medium":"Text","era":"1800-1950","region":"United States","language":"English","people":["William James"],"creators":[{"name":"William James","role":"author"}],"tags":["Nitrous Oxide","Anesthesia"],"substances":["Nitrous oxide","anaesthetics","Nitrous Oxide"],"summary":"William James's unsigned review of Blood's pamphlet, published in the Atlantic Monthly in November 1874, eight years before his own nitrous oxide experiments. James summarizes Blood's claims at length and judges the pamphlet \"thoroughly original and very suggestive,\" if less important than its author believed.","excerpt":"William James's unsigned review of Blood's pamphlet, published in the Atlantic Monthly in November 1874, eight years before his own nitrous oxide experiments. James summarizes Blood's claims at length and judges the pamphlet \"thoroughly original and very suggestive,\" if less important than its author believed.","citation":"[William James], review of The Anaesthetic Revelation and the Gist of Philosophy, by Benjamin Paul Blood, Atlantic Monthly 34 (November 1874).","rights_statement":"Original Atlantic Monthly text is public domain; web transcription.","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/258c6303-3d34-577d-996c-736b5bfd9aff/images/review-of-the-anaesthetic-revelation-and-the-gist-of-philosophy/william-james-la-farge-thumbnail.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"403a35d7-213f-5012-9152-5fdb41d134db","slug":"james-nitrous-oxide-note-1882","title":"Note on Nitrous Oxide, from “On Some Hegelisms”","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/james-nitrous-oxide-note-1882","original_source_url":"https://archive.org/details/sim_mind_1882-04_7_26","source_kind":"single","display_date":"April 1882","year":1882,"type":"Academic Article","medium":"Text","era":"1800-1950","region":"Britain; United States","language":"English","people":["William James (1842-1910)"],"creators":[{"name":"William James (1842-1910)","role":"author"}],"tags":["Trip Reports","Nitrous Oxide"],"substances":["Nitrous oxide","Nitrous Oxide"],"summary":"The note William James added to his essay \"On Some Hegelisms\" in Mind (1882), reporting nitrous oxide experiments he made after reading Blood's pamphlet. He describes a sense of metaphysical illumination and reconciliation of opposites that fades on recovery into \"a few disjointed words and phrases.\" James reprinted the note in The Will to Believe (1897), and Charles Tart excerpted it in 1969 as \"Subjective Effects of Nitrous Oxide.\"","excerpt":"The note William James added to his essay \"On Some Hegelisms\" in Mind (1882), reporting nitrous oxide experiments he made after reading Blood's pamphlet. He describes a sense of metaphysical illumination and reconciliation of opposites that fades on recovery into \"a few disjointed words and phrases.\" James reprinted...","citation":"William James, \"On Some Hegelisms,\" Mind 7, no. 26 (April 1882): 186–208, note at 206–208.","rights_statement":"Public domain in the United States (published 1882).","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/403a35d7-213f-5012-9152-5fdb41d134db/images/veigl-ayahuasca-jyhs5/01-content.png","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"d2558f5e-a229-51e2-8081-8c94deaf0a09","slug":"lewin-anhalonium-lewinii-1888","title":"Ueber Anhalonium Lewinii","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/lewin-anhalonium-lewinii-1888","original_source_url":"https://zenodo.org/records/1428356","source_kind":"single","display_date":"1888","year":1888,"type":"Academic Article","medium":"Text","era":"1800-1950","region":"Germany","language":"German","people":["Louis Lewin"],"creators":[{"name":"Louis Lewin","role":"author"}],"tags":[],"substances":["Peyote"],"summary":"Berlin pharmacologist Louis Lewin (1850–1929) reports on \"Muscale Buttons\" received from Parke, Davis & Co. during a visit to the United States in 1887. The botanist Paul Hennings identified the dried cactus as a new species and named it Anhalonium Lewinii after him, and Lewin describes a crude base he called anhalonine and its strychnine-like convulsant effects in frogs, pigeons and rabbits. Hosted here are the introduction, the preliminary chemistry, and the full section on the drug's effects, with the historical survey of cacti omitted.","excerpt":"Berlin pharmacologist Louis Lewin (1850–1929) reports on \"Muscale Buttons\" received from Parke, Davis & Co. during a visit to the United States in 1887. The botanist Paul Hennings identified the dried cactus as a new species and named it Anhalonium Lewinii after him, and Lewin describes a crude base he called anhalo...","citation":"Lewin, L. \"Ueber Anhalonium Lewinii.\" Archiv für experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie 24, no. 6 (1888): 401–411. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01923627.","rights_statement":"Public domain (published before 1930)","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/d2558f5e-a229-51e2-8081-8c94deaf0a09/images/lewin-anhalonium-lewinii-1888/cover.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"9b1c99a3-dc29-5738-b846-2ac0d23c42e5","slug":"scripture-consciousness-cannabis-indica-1893","title":"Consciousness under the Influence of Cannabis Indica","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/scripture-consciousness-cannabis-indica-1893","original_source_url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/veigl-ayahuasca-jyhs5-m8ty7-hemp9","source_kind":"single","display_date":"1893","year":1893,"type":"Academic Article","medium":"Text","era":"1800-1950","region":"United States","language":"English","people":["Edward Wheeler Scripture"],"creators":[{"name":"Edward Wheeler Scripture","role":"author"}],"tags":["Trip Reports","Cannabis"],"substances":["cannabis","Cannabis"],"summary":"The Yale psychologist Edward Wheeler Scripture takes an alcoholic extract of cannabis to test the common claim that it stretches time and space. He reports strong fluctuations of attention and a sense that objects and events had become remote, and compares these with laboratory findings on attention.","excerpt":"The Yale psychologist Edward Wheeler Scripture takes an alcoholic extract of cannabis to test the common claim that it stretches time and space. He reports strong fluctuations of attention and a sense that objects and events had become remote, and compares these with laboratory findings on attention.","citation":"E. W. Scripture, \"Consciousness under the Influence of Cannabis Indica,\" Science 22, no. 560 (1893): 233–234.","rights_statement":"Public domain in the United States (published 1893).","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"da1b9736-1778-5ae2-b704-1f4495b76527","slug":"prentiss-morgan-anhalonium-lewinii-1895","title":"Anhalonium Lewinii (Mescal Buttons): A Study of the Drug, with Especial Reference to its Physiological Action upon Man, with Report of Experiments","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/prentiss-morgan-anhalonium-lewinii-1895","original_source_url":"https://archive.org/details/sim_therapeutic-gazette_1895-09-16_19_9","source_kind":"single","display_date":"September 16, 1895","year":1895,"type":"Academic Article","medium":"Text","era":"1800-1950","region":"United States","language":"English","people":["D. W. Prentiss","Francis P. Morgan"],"creators":[{"name":"D. W. Prentiss","role":"author"},{"name":"Francis P. Morgan","role":"author"}],"tags":[],"substances":["Mescaline","Peyote"],"summary":"Prentiss and Morgan conducted the first American clinical study of peyote at Columbian University on buttons supplied by ethnologist James Mooney. They recorded physiological effects alongside subjects' first-person accounts of visions, including kaleidoscopic colors and dissociative experiences.","excerpt":"Prentiss and Morgan conducted the first American clinical study of peyote at Columbian University on buttons supplied by ethnologist James Mooney. They recorded physiological effects alongside subjects' first-person accounts of visions, including kaleidoscopic colors and dissociative experiences.","citation":"D. W. Prentiss and Francis P. Morgan, \"Anhalonium Lewinii (Mescal Buttons): A Study of the Drug, with Especial Reference to its Physiological Action upon Man, with Report of Experiments,\" Therapeutic Gazette 19, no. 9 (September 16, 1895): 577–585.","rights_statement":"Public domain (published before 1930)","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/da1b9736-1778-5ae2-b704-1f4495b76527/images/prentiss-morgan-anhalonium-lewinii-1895/cover.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"dc0d2d53-97f8-58a9-a015-e34f0e49e781","slug":"mooney-mescal-plant-and-ceremony-1896","title":"The Mescal Plant and Ceremony","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/mooney-mescal-plant-and-ceremony-1896","original_source_url":"https://archive.org/details/sim_therapeutic-gazette_1896-01-15_20_1","source_kind":"single","display_date":"January 15, 1896","year":1896,"type":"Academic Article","medium":"Text","era":"1800-1950","region":"United States","language":"English","people":["James Mooney"],"creators":[{"name":"James Mooney","role":"author"}],"tags":[],"substances":["Mescaline","Peyote"],"summary":"An account of the Kiowa and Comanche peyote ceremony by ethnologist James Mooney, published in the Therapeutic Gazette in 1896. Drawing on field observation and participation since 1891, Mooney describes the all-night rite, dosages, and cases including his interpreter Paul Setkopti and leader Quanah Parker.","excerpt":"An account of the Kiowa and Comanche peyote ceremony by ethnologist James Mooney, published in the Therapeutic Gazette in 1896. Drawing on field observation and participation since 1891, Mooney describes the all-night rite, dosages, and cases including his interpreter Paul Setkopti and leader Quanah Parker.","citation":"James Mooney, \"The Mescal Plant and Ceremony,\" Therapeutic Gazette, 3rd ser., vol. 20, no. 1 (January 15, 1896): 7–11.","rights_statement":"Public domain (published before 1930)","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/dc0d2d53-97f8-58a9-a015-e34f0e49e781/images/mooney-mescal-plant-and-ceremony-1896/cover.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"a66bc1ae-8da3-5152-b000-b54ba0a6cc04","slug":"weir-mitchell-anhelonium-lewinii-1896","title":"Remarks on the Effects of Anhelonium Lewinii (the Mescal Button)","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/weir-mitchell-anhelonium-lewinii-1896","original_source_url":"https://archive.org/details/sim_british-medical-journal_july-4-december-19-1896","source_kind":"single","display_date":"December 5, 1896","year":1896,"type":"Academic Article","medium":"Text","era":"1800-1950","region":"United States","language":"English","people":["S. Weir Mitchell"],"creators":[{"name":"S. Weir Mitchell","role":"author"}],"tags":[],"substances":["Mescaline","Peyote"],"summary":"S. Weir Mitchell's account of his own peyote self-experiment on May 24, 1896, read before the American Neurological Society. Mitchell describes detailed visions and includes a second self-experiment by a colleague, Dr. Eshner, with physiological notes and subjective observations.","excerpt":"S. Weir Mitchell's account of his own peyote self-experiment on May 24, 1896, read before the American Neurological Society. Mitchell describes detailed visions and includes a second self-experiment by a colleague, Dr. Eshner, with physiological notes and subjective observations.","citation":"S. Weir Mitchell, \"Remarks on the Effects of Anhelonium Lewinii (the Mescal Button),\" British Medical Journal 2, no. 1875 (December 5, 1896): 1625–1629.","rights_statement":"Public domain (published before 1930)","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/a66bc1ae-8da3-5152-b000-b54ba0a6cc04/images/weir-mitchell-anhelonium-lewinii-1896/cover.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"35d2e534-01c1-532a-8248-b77e2ea47f43","slug":"heffter-ueber-pellote-1898","title":"Ueber Pellote. Beiträge zur chemischen und pharmakologischen Kenntniss der Cacteen. Zweite Mittheilung","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/heffter-ueber-pellote-1898","original_source_url":"https://archive.org/details/archiv-fur-experimentelle-pathologie-und-pharmakologie-40.1898","source_kind":"single","display_date":"1898","year":1898,"type":"Academic Article","medium":"Text","era":"1800-1950","region":"Germany","language":"German","people":["Arthur Heffter"],"creators":[{"name":"Arthur Heffter","role":"author"}],"tags":[],"substances":["Mescaline","Peyote"],"summary":"Leipzig pharmacologist Arthur Heffter (1859–1925) reports his separation of five alkaloids from mescal buttons, among them mescaline (\"Mezcalin\"), and a series of self-experiments made between June and November 1897. Testing the whole drug, its resin, the mixed alkaloids and each isolated base in turn, he found that 0.15 g of mescaline hydrochloride alone reproduced the visions, slowed pulse, dilated pupils and loss of time sense produced by the cactus. Hosted here are the description of mescaline and its salts and the whole of section VI on the drug's action in humans.","excerpt":"Leipzig pharmacologist Arthur Heffter (1859–1925) reports his separation of five alkaloids from mescal buttons, among them mescaline (\"Mezcalin\"), and a series of self-experiments made between June and November 1897. Testing the whole drug, its resin, the mixed alkaloids and each isolated base in turn, he found that...","citation":"Heffter, A. \"Ueber Pellote. Beiträge zur chemischen und pharmakologischen Kenntniss der Cacteen. Zweite Mittheilung.\" Archiv für experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie 40 (1898): 385–429.","rights_statement":"Public domain (published before 1930)","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/35d2e534-01c1-532a-8248-b77e2ea47f43/images/heffter-ueber-pellote-1898/cover.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"256d2cfd-4dfb-5cf8-a7d1-6e322dbf3fde","slug":"dixon-anhalonium-lewinii-alkaloids-1899","title":"The Physiological Action of the Alkaloids Derived from Anhalonium Lewinii","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/dixon-anhalonium-lewinii-alkaloids-1899","original_source_url":"https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-physiology_the-journal-of-physiology_1899-1900_25","source_kind":"single","display_date":"September 1899","year":1899,"type":"Academic Article","medium":"Text","era":"1800-1950","region":"Britain","language":"English","people":["Walter E. Dixon"],"creators":[{"name":"Walter E. Dixon","role":"author"}],"tags":[],"substances":["Mescaline","Peyote"],"summary":"A pharmacologist at St Thomas's Hospital reports systematic experiments on Anhalonium alkaloids using frogs, cats, dogs, and rabbits, combined with self-experimentation. Dixon's account is more clinically restrained than Weir Mitchell's or Ellis's but adds music-color synaesthesia and comparisons to cannabis and strychnine.","excerpt":"A pharmacologist at St Thomas's Hospital reports systematic experiments on Anhalonium alkaloids using frogs, cats, dogs, and rabbits, combined with self-experimentation. Dixon's account is more clinically restrained than Weir Mitchell's or Ellis's but adds music-color synaesthesia and comparisons to cannabis and str...","citation":"Walter E. Dixon, \"The Physiological Action of the Alkaloids Derived from Anhalonium Lewinii,\" Journal of Physiology 25, no. 1 (September 1899): 69–86.","rights_statement":"Public domain (published before 1930)","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/256d2cfd-4dfb-5cf8-a7d1-6e322dbf3fde/images/dixon-anhalonium-lewinii-alkaloids-1899/cover.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"2aa8ef73-beb4-5d78-a86e-cc46a29fc145","slug":"ellis-mescal-divine-plant-1902","title":"Mescal: A Study of a Divine Plant","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/ellis-mescal-divine-plant-1902","original_source_url":"https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_61/May_1902/Mescal:_a_Study_of_a_Divine_Plant","source_kind":"single","display_date":"May 1902","year":1902,"type":"Academic Article","medium":"Text","era":"1800-1950","region":"Britain; Mexico","language":"English","people":["Havelock Ellis"],"creators":[{"name":"Havelock Ellis","role":"author"}],"tags":[],"substances":["Mescaline","Peyote"],"summary":"Havelock Ellis's account of his own peyote self-experiment, conducted on Good Friday 1897 in his London chambers. Written for a general scientific audience, it situates his diary of jewel-like visions within the clinical work of Prentiss, Morgan, and Weir Mitchell, alongside Indigenous religious use of the plant.","excerpt":"Havelock Ellis's account of his own peyote self-experiment, conducted on Good Friday 1897 in his London chambers. Written for a general scientific audience, it situates his diary of jewel-like visions within the clinical work of Prentiss, Morgan, and Weir Mitchell, alongside Indigenous religious use of the plant.","citation":"Havelock Ellis, \"Mescal: A Study of a Divine Plant,\" Popular Science Monthly 61 (May 1902): 52–72.","rights_statement":"Public domain (published before 1930)","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/2aa8ef73-beb4-5d78-a86e-cc46a29fc145/images/ellis-mescal-divine-plant-1902/cover.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"a22389f7-1ddb-5959-a02b-a53556779ff1","slug":"the-varieties-of-religious-experience","title":"Nitrous Oxide and the Anaesthetic Revelation in The Varieties of Religious Experience","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/the-varieties-of-religious-experience","original_source_url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/621","source_kind":"single","display_date":"1902","year":1902,"type":"Source","medium":"Text","era":"1800-1950","region":"United States; Britain","language":"English","people":["William James"],"creators":[{"name":"William James","role":"author"}],"tags":["Nitrous Oxide","Religion","Anesthesia","Pharmacology"],"substances":["Nitrous oxide","anaesthetics","alcohol","ether","Nitrous Oxide","Ether"],"summary":"From the lecture on mysticism in William James's Gifford Lectures, delivered in Edinburgh in 1901–2. James argues that nitrous oxide and ether show \"our normal waking consciousness\" to be only one type among many, then quotes Blood and J. A. Symonds's chloroform experience. His notes add Xenos Clark's letter on the revelation and an Englishwoman's ether dream.","excerpt":"From the lecture on mysticism in William James's Gifford Lectures, delivered in Edinburgh in 1901–2. James argues that nitrous oxide and ether show \"our normal waking consciousness\" to be only one type among many, then quotes Blood and J. A. Symonds's chloroform experience. His notes add Xenos Clark's letter on the ...","citation":"William James, The Varieties of Religious Experience: A Study in Human Nature (New York and London: Longmans, Green, and Co., 1902), Lectures XVI–XVII, pp. 387–393, with notes.","rights_statement":"Public domain in the United States; Project Gutenberg text.","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/a22389f7-1ddb-5959-a02b-a53556779ff1/images/the-varieties-of-religious-experience/01-william-james-young.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"4d1a6e97-87eb-58b7-b057-347aa828994b","slug":"bogoras-chukchee-fly-agaric","title":"The Chukchee: Religion — Intoxicants","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/bogoras-chukchee-fly-agaric","original_source_url":"http://az.lib.ru/t/tanbogoraz_w_g/text_1909_the_chukchee1.shtml","source_kind":"single","display_date":"1907 (Religion, part 2 of The Chukchee, published 1904-1909)","year":1907,"type":"Book","medium":"Text","era":"1800-1950","region":"Chukotka, Siberia","language":"English","people":["Waldemar Bogoras"],"creators":[{"name":"Waldemar Bogoras","role":"author"}],"tags":[],"substances":["Fly agaric","Amanita muscaria"],"summary":"An ethnographer's account of fly-agaric use among the Chukchee and Koryak, including dosage, preparation, three stages of intoxication, the 'spirits of fly-agaric,' and urine-drinking to extend the effect. The text also records the mushroom's place in Chukchee myth.","excerpt":"An ethnographer's account of fly-agaric use among the Chukchee and Koryak, including dosage, preparation, three stages of intoxication, the 'spirits of fly-agaric,' and urine-drinking to extend the effect. The text also records the mushroom's place in Chukchee myth.","citation":"Waldemar Bogoras, The Chukchee, Jesup North Pacific Expedition Memoir 7, Religion (pt. 2), Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History, vol. 11 (Leiden: E. J. Brill; New York: G. E. Stechert, 1907), section 'Intoxicants.'","rights_statement":"Public domain (published before 1930)","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/4d1a6e97-87eb-58b7-b057-347aa828994b/images/bogoras-chukchee-fly-agaric/cover.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"1c23d1c7-c0c0-533b-bffb-8e4852a16f10","slug":"anaesthetics-antient-and-modern-an-historical-sketch-of-anaesthesia","title":"Anaesthetics Antient and Modern: An Historical Sketch of Anaesthesia","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/anaesthetics-antient-and-modern-an-historical-sketch-of-anaesthesia","original_source_url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/75020","source_kind":"single","display_date":"Undated (c. 1907–1910)","year":1907,"type":"Source","medium":"Text","era":"1800-1950","region":"Britain","language":"English","people":["Burroughs Wellcome & Co."],"creators":[{"name":"Burroughs Wellcome & Co.","role":"author"}],"tags":["Nitrous Oxide","Cannabis","Pharmacology","Medicine","Anesthesia"],"substances":["Nitrous oxide","hemp","cocaine","chloroform","ether","Nitrous Oxide","Cocaine","Chloroform","Ether"],"summary":"An illustrated history of anaesthesia issued by the London drug firm Burroughs Wellcome & Co., which closes by advertising its own 'Wellcome' brand chloroform. Hosted here are the chapters on nitrous oxide, ether, and chloroform, covering Horace Wells's 1844 self-experiment, the ether demonstrations of William Morton and Charles Jackson, and James Young Simpson's 1847 chloroform trial.","excerpt":"An illustrated history of anaesthesia issued by the London drug firm Burroughs Wellcome & Co., which closes by advertising its own 'Wellcome' brand chloroform. Hosted here are the chapters on nitrous oxide, ether, and chloroform, covering Horace Wells's 1844 self-experiment, the ether demonstrations of William Morto...","citation":"Burroughs Wellcome & Co., Anaesthetics Antient and Modern: An Historical Sketch of Anaesthesia (London: Burroughs Wellcome & Co., n.d. [c. 1907–1910]).","rights_statement":"Public domain in the United States; Project Gutenberg text.","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/1c23d1c7-c0c0-533b-bffb-8e4852a16f10/images/anaesthetics-antient-and-modern-an-historical-sketch-of-anaesthesia/01-anaesthetic-revelation.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"73917888-e7a6-5511-a813-d101cce32096","slug":"a-pluralistic-mystic","title":"A Pluralistic Mystic","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/a-pluralistic-mystic","original_source_url":"https://www.readbookonline.org/readOnLine/37982/","source_kind":"single","display_date":"1910","year":1910,"type":"Source","medium":"Text","era":"1800-1950","region":"United States","language":"English","people":["William James"],"creators":[{"name":"William James","role":"author"}],"tags":["Nitrous Oxide","Anesthesia"],"substances":["Nitrous oxide","anaesthetics","Nitrous Oxide"],"summary":"William James's last published essay, an appreciation of Benjamin Paul Blood that appeared in the Hibbert Journal in July 1910, weeks before James died. James quotes Blood's pamphlets and letters at length and traces how the anaesthetic revelation, which James first read as monism, became for Blood the basis of a pluralist philosophy.","excerpt":"William James's last published essay, an appreciation of Benjamin Paul Blood that appeared in the Hibbert Journal in July 1910, weeks before James died. James quotes Blood's pamphlets and letters at length and traces how the anaesthetic revelation, which James first read as monism, became for Blood the basis of a pl...","citation":"William James, \"A Pluralistic Mystic,\" Hibbert Journal 8 (July 1910): 739–759.","rights_statement":"Original Hibbert Journal text is public domain; web transcription.","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/73917888-e7a6-5511-a813-d101cce32096/images/a-pluralistic-mystic/01-william-james-young.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"3f10183c-0e4c-5a2d-8103-0614fdeb204f","slug":"merck-patent-de274350-mdma-1912","title":"German Reich Patent No. 274350: Process for the Preparation of Alkyloxyaryl-, Dialkyloxyaryl- and Alkylenedioxyarylaminopropanes (Firm E. Merck, Darmstadt)","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/merck-patent-de274350-mdma-1912","original_source_url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Merck_MDMA_Synthesis_Patent.pdf","source_kind":"single","display_date":"Patented from 24 December 1912; specification published 1914","year":1912,"type":"Source","medium":"Text","era":"1800-1950","region":"Germany","language":"German","people":["E. Merck"],"creators":[{"name":"E. Merck","role":"author"}],"tags":[],"substances":["MDMA"],"summary":"German Reich Patent No. 274350 (1912) describes arylaminopropane synthesis from safrole. Example 4 yields MDMA by heating a brominated intermediate with methylamine—the earliest documented synthesis. The patent claims MDMA only as an unnamed chemical intermediate toward unspecified therapeutic compounds, not as a substance of interest itself.","excerpt":"German Reich Patent No. 274350 (1912) describes arylaminopropane synthesis from safrole. Example 4 yields MDMA by heating a brominated intermediate with methylamine—the earliest documented synthesis. The patent claims MDMA only as an unnamed chemical intermediate toward unspecified therapeutic compounds, not as a su...","citation":"E. Merck (Darmstadt). Verfahren zur Darstellung von Alkyloxyaryl-, Dialkyloxyaryl- und Alkylendioxyarylaminopropanen bzw. deren am Stickstoff monoalkylierten Derivaten. German Reich Patent No. 274350, Klasse 12g, Gruppe 32/70, patented from 24 December 1912.","rights_statement":"Public domain (patent specification from the German Reich, over a century old; term long expired).","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/3f10183c-0e4c-5a2d-8103-0614fdeb204f/images/merck-patent-de274350-mdma-1912/cover.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"f7351073-f18f-55a0-a12d-49e57de6d299","slug":"knauer-maloney-psychic-action-mescalin-1913","title":"A Preliminary Note on the Psychic Action of Mescalin, with Special Reference to the Mechanism of Visual Hallucinations","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/knauer-maloney-psychic-action-mescalin-1913","original_source_url":"https://archive.org/details/journalnervousa13neurgoog","source_kind":"single","display_date":"July 1913","year":1913,"type":"Academic Article","medium":"Text","era":"1800-1950","region":"United States","language":"English","people":["William J. M. A. Maloney","Alwyn Knauer"],"creators":[{"name":"William J. M. A. Maloney","role":"author"},{"name":"Alwyn Knauer","role":"author"}],"tags":["Psychiatry"],"substances":["Mescaline"],"summary":"New York psychiatrists inject themselves and colleagues with pure mescaline sulphate in twenty-three experiments to model insanity's visual hallucinations. Subjects' reports include specifics—a glass-screen head, the 'mosque of Omar'—and the authors propose a five-level theory of hallucinations versus images.","excerpt":"New York psychiatrists inject themselves and colleagues with pure mescaline sulphate in twenty-three experiments to model insanity's visual hallucinations. Subjects' reports include specifics—a glass-screen head, the 'mosque of Omar'—and the authors propose a five-level theory of hallucinations versus images.","citation":"Alwyn Knauer and William J. M. A. Maloney, \"A Preliminary Note on the Psychic Action of Mescalin, with Special Reference to the Mechanism of Visual Hallucinations,\" Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 40, no. 7 (July 1913): 425–436.","rights_statement":"Public domain (published before 1930)","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/f7351073-f18f-55a0-a12d-49e57de6d299/images/knauer-maloney-psychic-action-mescalin-1913/cover.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"7de14e61-e271-5e04-a513-09e46929da3c","slug":"safford-aztec-narcotic-1915","title":"An Aztec Narcotic (Lophophora williamsii)","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/safford-aztec-narcotic-1915","original_source_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jhered/article-abstract/6/7/291/853354","source_kind":"single","display_date":"July 1915","year":1915,"type":"Academic Article","medium":"Text","era":"1800-1950","region":"United States; Mexico","language":"English","people":["William E. Safford"],"creators":[{"name":"William E. Safford","role":"author"}],"tags":[],"substances":["Mescaline","Peyote","Teonanácatl"],"summary":"Safford, a USDA botanist, analyzes peyote's physiological effects and Native American ceremonial use in 1915. The article incorporates sworn testimony from Menominee, Omaha, and Winnebago members of the Sacred Peyote Society.","excerpt":"Safford, a USDA botanist, analyzes peyote's physiological effects and Native American ceremonial use in 1915. The article incorporates sworn testimony from Menominee, Omaha, and Winnebago members of the Sacred Peyote Society.","citation":"William E. Safford, \"An Aztec Narcotic (Lophophora williamsii),\" Journal of Heredity 6, no. 7 (July 1915): 291–311.","rights_statement":"Public domain (published before 1930)","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/7de14e61-e271-5e04-a513-09e46929da3c/images/safford-aztec-narcotic-1915/cover.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"08e0e1d3-08cc-5cb8-aa33-b701180f04ad","slug":"bogoras-koryak-texts-fly-agaric-song","title":"Koryak Texts","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/bogoras-koryak-texts-fly-agaric-song","original_source_url":"https://archive.org/details/koryaktextswald05bogorich","source_kind":"single","display_date":"1917","year":1917,"type":"Book","medium":"Text","era":"1800-1950","region":"Kamchatka, Siberia","language":"English","people":["Waldemar Bogoras","Waldemar Jochelson"],"creators":[{"name":"Waldemar Bogoras","role":"author"},{"name":"Waldemar Jochelson","role":"editor"}],"tags":[],"substances":["Fly agaric","Amanita muscaria"],"summary":"Excerpts from Bogoras's Koryak Texts, including the introduction and two songs transcribed from phonograph recordings. The second song, sung by an elderly Chukchee man, records an Indigenous voice describing fly-agaric use for recovering consciousness.","excerpt":"Excerpts from Bogoras's Koryak Texts, including the introduction and two songs transcribed from phonograph recordings. The second song, sung by an elderly Chukchee man, records an Indigenous voice describing fly-agaric use for recovering consciousness.","citation":"Waldemar Bogoras, Koryak Texts, Publications of the American Ethnological Society, vol. 5, ed. Franz Boas (Leyden: E. J. Brill, 1917), Introduction and Appendix I.","rights_statement":"Public domain (published before 1930)","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/08e0e1d3-08cc-5cb8-aa33-b701180f04ad/images/bogoras-koryak-texts-fly-agaric-song/cover.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"1d1457c4-4e7f-59a3-8840-e3776ea579e0","slug":"zitkala-sa-peyote-testimony-1918","title":"Testimony of Gertrude Bonnin (Zitkála-Šá) against Peyote, House Indian Affairs Subcommittee Hearings on H.R. 2614","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/zitkala-sa-peyote-testimony-1918","original_source_url":"https://archive.org/details/cu31924097625895","source_kind":"single","display_date":"February 22, 1918","year":1918,"type":"Testimony","medium":"Text","era":"1800-1950","region":"United States","language":"English","people":["Gertrude Simmons Bonnin (Zitkála-Šá)"],"creators":[{"name":"Gertrude Simmons Bonnin (Zitkála-Šá)","role":"author"}],"tags":["Prohibition"],"substances":["Mescaline","Peyote"],"summary":"Gertrude Simmons Bonnin (Zitkála-Šá, 1876–1938), the Yankton Dakota writer and secretary of the Society of American Indians, testified against peyote on February 22, 1918, before the House Indian Affairs subcommittee considering H.R. 2614, a bill to prohibit peyote among Indians. Drawing on her fourteen years among the Utes of the Uintah Basin, she described deaths, sexual misconduct, and fraud by the peyote missionary Peter Phelps, and she disputed the ethnologist James Mooney (1861–1921), who had ridiculed her newspaper photograph the day before. The record hosts her statement and cross-examination in full, her additional statement, the signed statements she co-authored, and the passages by Mooney and Cleaver Warden that answer her.","excerpt":"Gertrude Simmons Bonnin (Zitkála-Šá, 1876–1938), the Yankton Dakota writer and secretary of the Society of American Indians, testified against peyote on February 22, 1918, before the House Indian Affairs subcommittee considering H.R. 2614, a bill to prohibit peyote among Indians. Drawing on her fourteen years among ...","citation":"Gertrude Bonnin, testimony of February 22, 1918, in Peyote: Hearings before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Indian Affairs of the House of Representatives on H.R. 2614, 65th Cong., 2d sess. (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1918), 63–66, 106–7, 122–31, 133–36, 165–66.","rights_statement":"US Government work, public domain","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/1d1457c4-4e7f-59a3-8840-e3776ea579e0/images/zitkala-sa-peyote-testimony-1918/cover.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"d0b0f443-774b-5de9-ad9d-a977b931d7ac","slug":"native-american-church-articles-incorporation-1918","title":"Articles of Incorporation of the Native American Church","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/native-american-church-articles-incorporation-1918","original_source_url":"https://jameswfemooney.com/the-article-of-incorporation-for-the-native-american-church/","source_kind":"single","display_date":"October 10, 1918","year":1918,"type":"Manuscript","medium":"Text","era":"1800-1950","region":"United States","language":"English","people":["Kiowa Charley","Sidney White Crane","Frank Eagle","Mack Haag"],"creators":[{"name":"Kiowa Charley","role":"author"},{"name":"Sidney White Crane","role":"author"},{"name":"Frank Eagle","role":"author"},{"name":"Mack Haag","role":"author"}],"tags":[],"substances":["Mescaline","Peyote"],"summary":"Filed with the Oklahoma Secretary of State on October 10, 1918, these articles incorporated the Native American Church as a religious and benevolent association. The purpose sections frame peyote as a Christian sacrament, giving the pan-tribal peyote religion legal standing.","excerpt":"Filed with the Oklahoma Secretary of State on October 10, 1918, these articles incorporated the Native American Church as a religious and benevolent association. The purpose sections frame peyote as a Christian sacrament, giving the pan-tribal peyote religion legal standing.","citation":"\"Articles of Incorporation of the Native American Church,\" filed with the Secretary of State of Oklahoma, October 10, 1918, reprinted in Omer C. Stewart, Peyote Religion: A History (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1987), chap. 8.","rights_statement":"Public domain (public legal record, filed 1918)","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/d0b0f443-774b-5de9-ad9d-a977b931d7ac/images/native-american-church-articles-incorporation-1918/cover.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"ad287429-dd02-512e-95f7-39120340b067","slug":"peyote-hr2614-house-hearings-1918","title":"Peyote: Hearings Before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Indian Affairs, House of Representatives, on H.R. 2614","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/peyote-hr2614-house-hearings-1918","original_source_url":"https://archive.org/details/cu31924097625895","source_kind":"single","display_date":"February–March 1918","year":1918,"type":"Testimony","medium":"Text","era":"1800-1950","region":"United States","language":"English","people":["James Mooney","Cleaver Warden","United States House Committee on Indian Affairs","Francis La Flesche","Paul Boynton","Fred Lookout"],"creators":[{"name":"James Mooney","role":"author"},{"name":"Cleaver Warden","role":"author"},{"name":"United States House Committee on Indian Affairs","role":"editor"},{"name":"Francis La Flesche","role":"author"},{"name":"Paul Boynton","role":"author"},{"name":"Fred Lookout","role":"author"}],"tags":["Prohibition"],"substances":["Mescaline","Peyote"],"summary":"A subcommittee of the House Committee on Indian Affairs held February-March 1918 hearings on H.R. 2614, a bill to prohibit peyote use in Indian Country. Witnesses included ethnologist James Mooney, Osage chief Fred Lookout, Omaha ethnographer Francis La Flesche, Arapaho delegate Cleaver Warden, and Cheyenne-Arapaho Paul Boynton.","excerpt":"A subcommittee of the House Committee on Indian Affairs held February-March 1918 hearings on H.R. 2614, a bill to prohibit peyote use in Indian Country. Witnesses included ethnologist James Mooney, Osage chief Fred Lookout, Omaha ethnographer Francis La Flesche, Arapaho delegate Cleaver Warden, and Cheyenne-Arapaho ...","citation":"Peyote: Hearings Before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Indian Affairs, House of Representatives, on H.R. 2614, 65th Cong. (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1918).","rights_statement":"US Government work, public domain","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/ad287429-dd02-512e-95f7-39120340b067/images/peyote-hr2614-house-hearings-1918/cover.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"1dacaa5d-d3b9-4747-bf37-33a95c3b453c","slug":"smashing-through-the-world-war-1dacaa5d","title":"\"A peep behind the veil\": a gunner wounded, and under ether, 1918","subtitle":"From Smashing Through \"the World War\" with Fighting Battery C","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/smashing-through-the-world-war-1dacaa5d","original_source_url":"https://archive.org/details/smashingthrought00sir","source_kind":"single","display_date":"1919","year":1919,"type":"Book","medium":"Text","era":"1800-1950","region":"Meaux, France","language":"English","people":["William McGinnis"],"creators":[{"name":"William McGinnis","role":"author"}],"tags":[],"substances":[],"summary":"An American soldier who served in World War I describes being hit by a shell in July of 1918 and his subsequent experience with ether, having \"peep[ed] behind the veil, which separates life from death.\" ","excerpt":"An American soldier who served in World War I describes being hit by a shell in July of 1918 and his subsequent experience with ether, having \"peep[ed] behind the veil, which separates life from death.\"","citation":"William McGinnis, \"Wounded — A Peep Behind the Veil,\" in Edward D. Sirois and William McGinnis, *Smashing Through \"the World War\" with Fighting Battery C, 102nd F.A., \"Yankee Division\"* (Salem, Mass., 1919), 125–129.","rights_statement":"Public domain (published 1919)","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"6955253f-5e18-5059-bfab-6a74f9dc911c","slug":"blas-pablo-reko-nombres-botanicos-aztecas-1919","title":"De los nombres botánicos aztecas","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/blas-pablo-reko-nombres-botanicos-aztecas-1919","original_source_url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=phNQAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover","source_kind":"single","display_date":"December 1919","year":1919,"type":"Academic Article","medium":"Text","era":"1800-1950","region":"Mexico","language":"Spanish","people":["Blas Pablo Reko"],"creators":[{"name":"Blas Pablo Reko","role":"author"}],"tags":["Psilocybin"],"substances":["Ololiuhqui","Psilocybin","Teonanácatl"],"summary":"An essay by physician and ethnobotanist Blas Pablo Reko arguing against Safford's claim that teonanácatl was a fanciful name for peyote. Reko insists teonanácatl was a real mushroom still eaten by Indigenous communities in Oaxaca.","excerpt":"An essay by physician and ethnobotanist Blas Pablo Reko arguing against Safford's claim that teonanácatl was a fanciful name for peyote. Reko insists teonanácatl was a real mushroom still eaten by Indigenous communities in Oaxaca.","citation":"Reko, Blas Pablo. \"De los nombres botánicos aztecas.\" El México Antiguo 1, no. 5 (December 1919): 113–157.","rights_statement":"Public domain (published 1919, before 1930; no copyright question at all — the obstacle was locating a digitized copy).","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/6955253f-5e18-5059-bfab-6a74f9dc911c/images/blas-pablo-reko-nombres-botanicos-aztecas-1919/cover.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"358dcaf0-53d9-5406-b4c8-1e06bb01b2f3","slug":"pluriverse-an-essay-in-the-philosophy-of-pluralism","title":"The Anaesthetic Revelation, from Pluriverse","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/pluriverse-an-essay-in-the-philosophy-of-pluralism","original_source_url":"https://archive.org/details/cu31924029019003","source_kind":"single","display_date":"1920","year":1920,"type":"Source","medium":"Text","era":"1800-1950","region":"United States","language":"English","people":["Benjamin Paul Blood"],"creators":[{"name":"Benjamin Paul Blood","role":"author"}],"tags":["Nitrous Oxide","Anesthesia"],"substances":["Nitrous oxide","anaesthetics","ether","Nitrous Oxide","Ether"],"summary":"Benjamin Paul Blood's last book, published in 1920, the year after his death, with an introduction by Horace Kallen. Hosted here is the opening of the final chapter, \"The Anaesthetic Revelation,\" where Blood compares the anaesthetic insight to the trance cattle fall into at spilled blood and quotes James on the \"artificial mystic state of mind.\"","excerpt":"Benjamin Paul Blood's last book, published in 1920, the year after his death, with an introduction by Horace Kallen. Hosted here is the opening of the final chapter, \"The Anaesthetic Revelation,\" where Blood compares the anaesthetic insight to the trance cattle fall into at spilled blood and quotes James on the \"art...","citation":"Benjamin Paul Blood, Pluriverse: An Essay in the Philosophy of Pluralism (Boston: Marshall Jones Company, 1920), chap. 9, pp. 204–212.","rights_statement":"Public domain scan/OCR via Internet Archive.","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/358dcaf0-53d9-5406-b4c8-1e06bb01b2f3/images/pluriverse-an-essay-in-the-philosophy-of-pluralism/01-anaesthetic-revelation.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"4fda627b-dae9-5450-bfb4-de2827342881","slug":"reinburg-ayahuasca-experiment-1921","title":"Contribution à l'étude des boissons toxiques des Indiens du Nord-Ouest de l'Amazone : l'ayahuasca, le yajé, le huánto","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/reinburg-ayahuasca-experiment-1921","original_source_url":"https://www.persee.fr/doc/jsa_0037-9174_1921_num_13_1_2903","source_kind":"single","display_date":"1921","year":1921,"type":"Academic Article","medium":"Text","era":"1800-1950","region":"Ecuador","language":"French","people":["P. Reinburg"],"creators":[{"name":"P. Reinburg","role":"author"}],"tags":["Ayahuasca"],"substances":["Ayahuasca"],"summary":"French physician P. Reinburg's account of his ayahuasca ingestion among the Záparo in May 1913, published in the Journal de la Société des Américanistes. Rather than visions, he experienced a severe toxic reaction with pulse loss, vomiting, and spasms, recorded in clinical detail.","excerpt":"French physician P. Reinburg's account of his ayahuasca ingestion among the Záparo in May 1913, published in the Journal de la Société des Américanistes. Rather than visions, he experienced a severe toxic reaction with pulse loss, vomiting, and spasms, recorded in clinical detail.","citation":"Reinburg, P. \"Contribution à l'étude des boissons toxiques des Indiens du Nord-Ouest de l'Amazone : l'ayahuasca, le yajé, le huánto. Étude comparative toxico-physiologique d'une expérience personnelle.\" Journal de la Société des Américanistes 13, no. 1 (1921): 25–54.","rights_statement":"Public domain (published before 1930)","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/4fda627b-dae9-5450-bfb4-de2827342881/images/reinburg-ayahuasca-experiment-1921/cover.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"ea08b379-f816-5a6b-9c0b-decbb6417a90","slug":"karsten-natema-jibaro-1923","title":"Blood Revenge, War, and Victory Feasts among the Jibaro Indians of Eastern Ecuador","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/karsten-natema-jibaro-1923","original_source_url":"https://archive.org/details/bloodrevengewarv00kars","source_kind":"single","display_date":"1923","year":1923,"type":"Field Notes","medium":"Text","era":"1800-1950","region":"Ecuador","language":"English","people":["Rafael Karsten"],"creators":[{"name":"Rafael Karsten","role":"author"}],"tags":["Ayahuasca"],"substances":["Ayahuasca"],"summary":"Anthropologist Rafael Karsten's account of a Jívaro victory feast describes the natéma ceremony, in which the vision-inducing drink made from Banisteria caapi and tobacco is prepared ritually and drunk communally. The passage covers preparation, the emetic effect, and beliefs that the visions foretell prosperity.","excerpt":"Anthropologist Rafael Karsten's account of a Jívaro victory feast describes the natéma ceremony, in which the vision-inducing drink made from Banisteria caapi and tobacco is prepared ritually and drunk communally. The passage covers preparation, the emetic effect, and beliefs that the visions foretell prosperity.","citation":"Karsten, Rafael. Blood Revenge, War, and Victory Feasts among the Jibaro Indians of Eastern Ecuador. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin 79. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1923.","rights_statement":"US Government work, public domain","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/ea08b379-f816-5a6b-9c0b-decbb6417a90/images/karsten-natema-jibaro-1923/cover.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"25cfa6d3-66f6-55a9-a165-858c73bd0f45","slug":"fischer-cardenas-yage-thesis-1923","title":"Estudio sobre el principio activo del Yagé","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/fischer-cardenas-yage-thesis-1923","original_source_url":"https://www.samorini.it/doc1/alt_aut/ad/cardenas.pdf","source_kind":"single","display_date":"1923","year":1923,"type":"Academic Article","medium":"Text","era":"1800-1950","region":"Colombia","language":"Spanish","people":["Guillermo Fischer Cárdenas"],"creators":[{"name":"Guillermo Fischer Cárdenas","role":"author"}],"tags":["Pharmacology","Ayahuasca"],"substances":["Ayahuasca"],"summary":"A 1923 doctoral thesis reporting Fischer Cárdenas's isolation of the yagé alkaloid that Rafael Zerda Bayón had named telepathine (telepatina) decades earlier without isolating it. Seven case reports detail effects on human subjects, including the author's self-experiment, describing vivid dreams, visual hallucinations, and euphoria at low doses, followed by a systematic summary of physiological action.","excerpt":"A 1923 doctoral thesis reporting Fischer Cárdenas's isolation of the yagé alkaloid that Rafael Zerda Bayón had named telepathine (telepatina) decades earlier without isolating it. Seven case reports detail effects on human subjects, including the author's self-experiment, describing vivid dreams, visual hallucinatio...","citation":"Fischer Cárdenas, Guillermo. Estudio sobre el principio activo del Yagé. Bogotá: Casa Editorial de \"La Cruzada,\" 1923. Thesis, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Medicina.","rights_statement":"Public domain (published before 1930)","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/25cfa6d3-66f6-55a9-a165-858c73bd0f45/images/fischer-cardenas-yage-thesis-1923/cover.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"9466e219-e63f-5ee3-a1a7-9eda0b64a25a","slug":"state-v-big-sheep-1926","title":"State v. Big Sheep","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/state-v-big-sheep-1926","original_source_url":"https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/3563162/state-v-big-sheep/","source_kind":"single","display_date":"January 26, 1926","year":1926,"type":"Source","medium":"Text","era":"1800-1950","region":"United States (Montana)","language":"English","people":["S. C. Callaway"],"creators":[{"name":"S. C. Callaway","role":"author"}],"tags":[],"substances":["Mescaline","Peyote"],"summary":"The Montana Supreme Court reverses a Crow man's peyote conviction, finding the state failed to establish jurisdiction over an offense on the Crow Reservation. The court addresses federal Indian law and rejects the defendant's religious-use defense, but does not decide the jurisdictional question, remanding for new trial.","excerpt":"The Montana Supreme Court reverses a Crow man's peyote conviction, finding the state failed to establish jurisdiction over an offense on the Crow Reservation. The court addresses federal Indian law and rejects the defendant's religious-use defense, but does not decide the jurisdictional question, remanding for new t...","citation":"State v. Big Sheep, 75 Mont. 219, 243 P. 1067 (1926).","rights_statement":"Public domain (U.S. judicial opinion; edicts-of-government doctrine)","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/9466e219-e63f-5ee3-a1a7-9eda0b64a25a/images/state-v-big-sheep-1926/cover.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"1d9c429c-5dec-5cf6-93ec-6d077809e886","slug":"rouhier-documents-yage-1926","title":"Documents pour servir à l'étude du yagé","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/rouhier-documents-yage-1926","original_source_url":"https://archive.org/details/BIUSante_pharma_p31249x1926x3301","source_kind":"single","display_date":"April 1926","year":1926,"type":"Academic Article","medium":"Text","era":"1800-1950","region":"France","language":"French","people":["A. M. Barriga Villalba","Alexandre Rouhier"],"creators":[{"name":"A. M. Barriga Villalba","role":"author"},{"name":"Alexandre Rouhier","role":"author"}],"tags":["Pharmacology","Ayahuasca"],"substances":["Ayahuasca"],"summary":"Rouhier's two-part dossier for Bulletin des Sciences Pharmacologiques: a translation of Barriga Villalba's 1923 paper on alkaloid yagéine, followed by Rouhier's ethnographic and pharmacological notes. Rouhier catalogues dose-dependent effects and includes chemical analysis of a Jívaro preparation.","excerpt":"Rouhier's two-part dossier for Bulletin des Sciences Pharmacologiques: a translation of Barriga Villalba's 1923 paper on alkaloid yagéine, followed by Rouhier's ethnographic and pharmacological notes. Rouhier catalogues dose-dependent effects and includes chemical analysis of a Jívaro preparation.","citation":"Rouhier, Alexandre. \"Documents pour servir à l'étude du yagé.\" Bulletin des Sciences Pharmacologiques 33 (April 1926): 252–261.","rights_statement":"Public domain (published before 1930)","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/1d9c429c-5dec-5cf6-93ec-6d077809e886/images/rouhier-documents-yage-1926/cover.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"39525c59-a81a-5a0f-b57b-e79d31b3377b","slug":"lewin-banisterine-1928","title":"Sur une substance enivrante, la banistérine, extraite de Banisteria Caapi","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/lewin-banisterine-1928","original_source_url":"https://www.samorini.it/doc1/alt_aut/lr/lewin_baniste.pdf","source_kind":"single","display_date":"1928","year":1928,"type":"Academic Article","medium":"Text","era":"1800-1950","region":"Germany","language":"French","people":["Louis Lewin"],"creators":[{"name":"Louis Lewin","role":"author"}],"tags":["Pharmacology","Ayahuasca"],"substances":["Harmine","Ayahuasca"],"summary":"Berlin pharmacologist Louis Lewin announces his isolation of banisterine from Banisteria caapi and its identity to harmine. He describes animal experiments and preliminary human trials showing that banisterine relieved the muscular rigidity of encephalitis lethargica (post-influenza sleeping sickness).","excerpt":"Berlin pharmacologist Louis Lewin announces his isolation of banisterine from Banisteria caapi and its identity to harmine. He describes animal experiments and preliminary human trials showing that banisterine relieved the muscular rigidity of encephalitis lethargica (post-influenza sleeping sickness).","citation":"Lewin, Louis. \"Sur une substance enivrante, la banistérine, extraite de Banisteria Caapi.\" Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 186 (1928): 469–471.","rights_statement":"Public domain (published before 1930)","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/39525c59-a81a-5a0f-b57b-e79d31b3377b/images/lewin-banisterine-1928/cover.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"1b3fca93-d145-5e0d-8673-8326d5f12224","slug":"jean-bassett-johnson-elements-mazatec-witchcraft-1939","title":"The Elements of Mazatec Witchcraft","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/jean-bassett-johnson-elements-mazatec-witchcraft-1939","original_source_url":"https://archive.org/details/EtnologiskaStudier09","source_kind":"single","display_date":"1939","year":1939,"type":"Academic Article","medium":"Text","era":"1800-1950","region":"Mexico","language":"English","people":["Jean Bassett Johnson"],"creators":[{"name":"Jean Bassett Johnson","role":"author"}],"tags":["Psilocybin"],"substances":["Salvia divinorum","Ololiuhqui","Psilocybin"],"summary":"A Berkeley anthropologist's field survey of Mazatec witchcraft from a 1938 expedition to Huautla de Jiménez, Oaxaca. Hosted here is a fair-use excerpt: Johnson's eyewitness account of a curing ceremony he and his party attended on July 16, 1938 -- the first outsider-witnessed session involving the sacred mushrooms -- along with his description of the mushroom species and their ritual use among Mazatec brujos.","excerpt":"A Berkeley anthropologist's field survey of Mazatec witchcraft from a 1938 expedition to Huautla de Jiménez, Oaxaca. Hosted here is a fair-use excerpt: Johnson's eyewitness account of a curing ceremony he and his party attended on July 16, 1938 -- the first outsider-witnessed session involving the sacred mushrooms -...","citation":"Johnson, Jean Bassett. \"The Elements of Mazatec Witchcraft.\" Ethnologiska Studier 9 (Göteborg: Göteborgs Etnografiska Museum, 1939): 128–150.","rights_statement":"In copyright. Published 1939 in Sweden; still under copyright at home in 1996, so restored in the US by the URAA regardless of any US renewal history. Rights held by the Göteborgs Etnografiska Museum / Ethnologiska Studier. Excerpt of about 1,460 words -- Johnson's eyewitness account of the July 16, 1938 curing ceremony at Huautla de Jiménez and his description of the mushroom species used by Mazatec brujos -- reproduced for teaching and research under fair use; the full article remains with the publisher.","access_type":"external","hosting_status":"external_link","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/1b3fca93-d145-5e0d-8673-8326d5f12224/images/jean-bassett-johnson-elements-mazatec-witchcraft-1939/cover.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"c159dc50-53b9-56e8-99d8-2afe7c4a9ad6","slug":"richard-evans-schultes-teonanacatl-1940","title":"Teonanacatl: The Narcotic Mushroom of the Aztecs","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/richard-evans-schultes-teonanacatl-1940","original_source_url":"https://archive.org/details/Schultes1940TeonanacatlMushroom","source_kind":"single","display_date":"July-September 1940","year":1940,"type":"Academic Article","medium":"Text","era":"1800-1950","region":"Mexico","language":"English","people":["Richard Evans Schultes"],"creators":[{"name":"Richard Evans Schultes","role":"author"}],"tags":["Ethnobotany","Psilocybin"],"substances":["Psilocybin","Teonanácatl"],"summary":"Schultes's botanical account of his 1938-39 fieldwork with Blas Pablo Reko among the Mazatec, tracing the teonanácatl rediscovery from Reko's 1923 letter through Robert Weitlaner's 1936 visit to Huautla de Jiménez. Schultes identifies the mushroom as Paneolus campanulatus var. sphinctrinus.","excerpt":"Schultes's botanical account of his 1938-39 fieldwork with Blas Pablo Reko among the Mazatec, tracing the teonanácatl rediscovery from Reko's 1923 letter through Robert Weitlaner's 1936 visit to Huautla de Jiménez. Schultes identifies the mushroom as Paneolus campanulatus var. sphinctrinus.","citation":"Schultes, Richard Evans. \"Teonanacatl: The Narcotic Mushroom of the Aztecs.\" American Anthropologist, n.s., 42, no. 3, pt. 1 (July-September 1940): 429-443.","rights_statement":"In copyright (published 1940). A scan is hosted by the Internet Archive; used here only as a short verified excerpt per this project's pre-1930 hosting rule.","access_type":"external","hosting_status":"external_link","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/c159dc50-53b9-56e8-99d8-2afe7c4a9ad6/images/richard-evans-schultes-teonanacatl-1940/cover.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"b22d24dd-1f7f-5cf7-b088-219f2b89fe56","slug":"richard-evans-schultes-rivea-corymbosa-ololiuqui-1941","title":"A Contribution to Our Knowledge of Rivea Corymbosa: The Narcotic Ololiuqui of the Aztecs","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/richard-evans-schultes-rivea-corymbosa-ololiuqui-1941","original_source_url":"https://www.samorini.it/doc1/alt_aut/sz/schultes-a-contribution-to-our-knowledge-of-rivea-corymbosa.pdf","source_kind":"single","display_date":"1941","year":1941,"type":"Academic Article","medium":"Text","era":"1800-1950","region":"Mexico","language":"English","people":["Richard Evans Schultes"],"creators":[{"name":"Richard Evans Schultes","role":"author"}],"tags":[],"substances":["Ololiuhqui"],"summary":"Schultes's botanical monograph settling the identity of ololiuqui, the Aztec morning-glory narcotic. He credits Urbina's 1897 identification as Rivea corymbosa, corrects Safford's 1915 misidentification as jimsonweed, and surveys continued ritual and medicinal use among the Chinantec, Mazatec, Mixtec, and Zapotec of Oaxaca.","excerpt":"Schultes's botanical monograph settling the identity of ololiuqui, the Aztec morning-glory narcotic. He credits Urbina's 1897 identification as Rivea corymbosa, corrects Safford's 1915 misidentification as jimsonweed, and surveys continued ritual and medicinal use among the Chinantec, Mazatec, Mixtec, and Zapotec of...","citation":"Schultes, Richard Evans. A Contribution to Our Knowledge of Rivea Corymbosa: The Narcotic Ololiuqui of the Aztecs. Cambridge, Mass.: Botanical Museum of Harvard University, 1941.","rights_statement":"Public domain — not renewed. This 1941 Botanical Museum Leaflets pamphlet needed renewal in its 28th year (1969) to stay in copyright. Searched the Catalog of Copyright Entries, Part 1 (Books and Pamphlets), for Jan-Jun 1968, Jul-Dec 1968, Jan-Jun 1969, and Jul-Dec 1969, and Part 2 (Periodicals) for 1968 and 1969, under 'Schultes,' 'Rivea,' 'corymbosa,' 'ololiuqui,' and 'Botanical Museum' — no renewal entry found for this article or for Botanical Museum Leaflets as a serial. Also checked the Stanford Copyright Renewal Database (bot-blocked at fetch time, so relied on the Catalog of Copyright Entries directly instead).","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/b22d24dd-1f7f-5cf7-b088-219f2b89fe56/images/richard-evans-schultes-rivea-corymbosa-ololiuqui-1941/cover.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"7da50bb7-30d3-5c0d-9e70-4d7b516e0266","slug":"let-there-be-light-1946","title":"Let There Be Light","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/let-there-be-light-1946","original_source_url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lQPoYVKeQEs","source_kind":"single","display_date":"1946 (withheld from release until 1980)","year":1946,"type":"Film","medium":"Audio/Video","era":"1800-1950","region":"United States (New York)","language":"English","people":["John Huston"],"creators":[{"name":"John Huston","role":"director"}],"tags":["Therapy","PTSD","Military"],"substances":[],"summary":"John Huston's documentary for the U.S. Army about soldiers treated for psychiatric breakdown at Mason General Hospital on Long Island after the Second World War. The Army kept it from the public until 1980. Its scenes of narcosynthesis, in which doctors interview soldiers under an intravenous barbiturate, record a drug-assisted psychotherapy that came before the LSD era.","excerpt":"John Huston's documentary for the U.S. Army about soldiers treated for psychiatric breakdown at Mason General Hospital on Long Island after the Second World War. The Army kept it from the public until 1980. Its scenes of narcosynthesis, in which doctors interview soldiers under an intravenous barbiturate, record a d...","citation":"John Huston, dir., Let There Be Light (U.S. Army Signal Corps, 1946).","rights_statement":"U.S. government work; public domain.","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/7da50bb7-30d3-5c0d-9e70-4d7b516e0266/images/lettherebelight/01-let-there-be-light-1945.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"ecd97702-f601-5d3b-bb6f-09cabbd19924","slug":"stoll-lysergsaure-diathylamid-phantastikum-1947","title":"Lysergsäure-diäthylamid, ein Phantastikum aus der Mutterkorngruppe","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/stoll-lysergsaure-diathylamid-phantastikum-1947","original_source_url":"https://www.erowid.org/references/refs_view.php?ID=1460","source_kind":"single","display_date":"1947","year":1947,"type":"Academic Article","medium":"Text","era":"1800-1950","region":"Switzerland","language":"German","people":["Werner A. Stoll"],"creators":[{"name":"Werner A. Stoll","role":"author"}],"tags":["Psychiatry","LSD"],"substances":["LSD"],"summary":"Werner Stoll's first systematic clinical study of LSD, examining sixteen healthy volunteers and six schizophrenic patients, plus Stoll's own self-experiment. Published in 1947 following Hofmann's 1943 discovery at Sandoz, it established key vocabulary for psychiatric LSD research.","excerpt":"Werner Stoll's first systematic clinical study of LSD, examining sixteen healthy volunteers and six schizophrenic patients, plus Stoll's own self-experiment. Published in 1947 following Hofmann's 1943 discovery at Sandoz, it established key vocabulary for psychiatric LSD research.","citation":"Werner A. Stoll, \"Lysergsäure-diäthylamid, ein Phantastikum aus der Mutterkorngruppe,\" Schweizer Archiv für Neurologie und Psychiatrie 60 (1947): 279–323.","rights_statement":"In copyright (Switzerland; author d. 1969). No US Government interest.","access_type":"external","hosting_status":"external_link","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/ecd97702-f601-5d3b-bb6f-09cabbd19924/images/stoll-lysergsaure-diathylamid-phantastikum-1947/cover.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"18244dd2-6779-5328-9364-1c6c05edb489","slug":"osmond-smythies-schizophrenia-new-approach-1952","title":"Schizophrenia: A New Approach","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/osmond-smythies-schizophrenia-new-approach-1952","original_source_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-mental-science/article/abs/schizophrenia-a-new-approach/8298D2CF421A5D0D9F4A689AED993318","source_kind":"single","display_date":"April 1952","year":1952,"type":"Academic Article","medium":"Text","era":"1950-1970","region":"Britain","language":"English","people":["John Smythies","Humphry Osmond"],"creators":[{"name":"John Smythies","role":"author"},{"name":"Humphry Osmond","role":"author"}],"tags":["LSD"],"substances":["LSD","Mescaline"],"summary":"Osmond and Smythies argue that schizophrenia involves a naturally occurring adrenaline derivative chemically close to mescaline. Hosted here is a fair-use excerpt: their case that mescaline intoxication reproduces the symptoms of acute schizophrenia, the biochemical note on how a disorder of adrenaline's transmethylation could form such a compound, and their resulting hypothesis and discussion.","excerpt":"Osmond and Smythies argue that schizophrenia involves a naturally occurring adrenaline derivative chemically close to mescaline. Hosted here is a fair-use excerpt: their case that mescaline intoxication reproduces the symptoms of acute schizophrenia, the biochemical note on how a disorder of adrenaline's transmethyl...","citation":"Humphry Osmond and John Smythies, \"Schizophrenia: A New Approach,\" Journal of Mental Science 98, no. 411 (April 1952): 309–315.","rights_statement":"In copyright. Published April 1952 in the UK; still under copyright at home in 1996, so restored in the US by the URAA regardless of any US renewal history. Rights held by the Royal College of Psychiatrists / Cambridge University Press. Excerpt of about 1,600 words -- the article's core argument, biochemical note, hypothesis, and discussion -- reproduced for teaching and research under fair use; the full article remains with the publisher.","access_type":"external","hosting_status":"external_link","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/18244dd2-6779-5328-9364-1c6c05edb489/images/osmond-smythies-schizophrenia-new-approach-1952/cover.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"c053c75d-37c5-5bd2-a050-5acde0b81672","slug":"rinkel-experimental-schizophrenia-1952","title":"Experimental Schizophrenia-Like Symptoms","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/rinkel-experimental-schizophrenia-1952","original_source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.108.8.572","source_kind":"single","display_date":"February 1952","year":1952,"type":"Academic Article","medium":"Text","era":"1950-1970","region":"United States","language":"English","people":["Max Rinkel","Harry C. Solomon","H. Jackson DeShon","Robert W. Hyde"],"creators":[{"name":"Max Rinkel","role":"author"},{"name":"Harry C. Solomon","role":"author"},{"name":"H. Jackson DeShon","role":"author"},{"name":"Robert W. Hyde","role":"author"}],"tags":["LSD"],"substances":["LSD"],"summary":"Rinkel and colleagues at Boston Psychopathic Hospital administered microgram doses of LSD tartrate to normal volunteers and schizophrenic, depressive, and paranoid patients. They reported the drug reliably produced thought disorder, hallucination, and depersonalization resembling clinical schizophrenia.","excerpt":"Rinkel and colleagues at Boston Psychopathic Hospital administered microgram doses of LSD tartrate to normal volunteers and schizophrenic, depressive, and paranoid patients. They reported the drug reliably produced thought disorder, hallucination, and depersonalization resembling clinical schizophrenia.","citation":"Max Rinkel, H. Jackson DeShon, Robert W. Hyde, and Harry C. Solomon, \"Experimental Schizophrenia-Like Symptoms,\" American Journal of Psychiatry 108, no. 8 (February 1952): 572–578.","rights_statement":"Copyright not renewed. The Online Books Page's serial registry records that no issue or contribution copyright renewals were found for the American Journal of Psychiatry, and HathiTrust serves its volumes through 1963 as freely readable. Public domain.","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/c053c75d-37c5-5bd2-a050-5acde0b81672/images/rinkel-experimental-schizophrenia-1952/cover.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"cd7298eb-bfb7-5421-ae16-f27d2ee07fc7","slug":"mead-lsd-memo","title":"Margaret Mead’s LSD Memo","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/mead-lsd-memo","original_source_url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/mead-lsd-memo","source_kind":"single","display_date":"September 23-25, 1954","year":1954,"type":"Manuscript","medium":"Text","era":"1950-1970","region":"United States","language":"English","people":["Margaret Mead"],"creators":[{"name":"Margaret Mead","role":"author"}],"tags":["Anthropology","MKULTRA","LSD","Psychoanalysis","Therapy"],"substances":["LSD"],"summary":"A memo from anthropologist [Margaret Mead](/biographies/margaret-mead)'s papers at the Library of Congress, recording her interest in LSD and other psychedelics in the summer of 1954 and her work with [Harold Abramson](/biographies/harold-abramson)'s research team, including [Conan Kornetsky](/biographies/conan-kornetsky) and [Murray Jarvik](/biographies/murray-jarvik).","excerpt":"A memo from anthropologist [Margaret Mead](/biographies/margaret-mead)'s papers at the Library of Congress, recording her interest in LSD and other psychedelics in the summer of 1954 and her work with [Harold Abramson](/biographies/harold-abramson)'s research team, including [Conan Kornetsky](/biographies/conan-korn...","citation":"Library of Congress, Manuscript Division, Margaret Mead Papers and South Pacific Ethnographic Archives, Box K65, Folder 5.","rights_statement":"Needs rights review before republication.","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"pdf","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/cd7298eb-bfb7-5421-ae16-f27d2ee07fc7/images/mead-lsd-memo/01-mead-lsd-memo.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"79af6776-bdc9-5c34-b135-133cf70ec3b7","slug":"eisner-first-lsd-trip-1955","title":"Betty Eisner's First LSD Trip, October 10, 1955","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/eisner-first-lsd-trip-1955","original_source_url":"https://www.erowid.org/culture/characters/eisner_betty/remembrances_lsd_therapy.pdf","source_kind":"single","display_date":"October 10, 1955 (recalled in 2002)","year":1955,"type":"Manuscript","medium":"Personal History","era":"1950-1970","region":"United States (California)","language":"English","people":["Betty Eisner"],"creators":[{"name":"Betty Eisner","role":"author"}],"tags":["Trip Reports","LSD","Therapy"],"substances":["LSD"],"summary":"The psychologist Betty Eisner (1915–2004) recalls being the first research subject in Sidney Cohen's LSD study at UCLA in October 1955, quoting at length from the report she wrote after the session. The excerpt describes the psychological tests she was asked to take while under the drug, and her sense that they were trivial beside what she was experiencing. It is the opening chapter of her unpublished memoir, Remembrances of LSD Therapy Past (2002).","excerpt":"The psychologist Betty Eisner (1915–2004) recalls being the first research subject in Sidney Cohen's LSD study at UCLA in October 1955, quoting at length from the report she wrote after the session. The excerpt describes the psychological tests she was asked to take while under the drug, and her sense that they were...","citation":"Betty Grover Eisner, Remembrances of LSD Therapy Past (unpublished typescript, August 7, 2002), chap. 1, pp. 4–7, https://www.erowid.org/culture/characters/eisner_betty/remembrances_lsd_therapy.pdf.","rights_statement":"Excerpt from Betty Eisner's memoir Remembrances of LSD Therapy Past (2002), which she made freely available online; the full text is shared on Erowid.","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/79af6776-bdc9-5c34-b135-133cf70ec3b7/images/eisner-first-lsd-trip-1955/cover.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"6357f4ca-62ad-5cfc-a4de-eb66b357ea01","slug":"1955-experimental-compound-mer-17-frenquel-and-lsd-25","title":"Experimental Compound MER 17 (Frenquel) and LSD-25","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/1955-experimental-compound-mer-17-frenquel-and-lsd-25","original_source_url":"https://archive.org/details/gov.archives.arc.1634172","source_kind":"single","display_date":"1955","year":1955,"type":"Film","medium":"Audio/Video","era":"1950-1970","region":"United States (Ohio)","language":"English","people":["Howard D. Fabing"],"creators":[{"name":"Howard D. Fabing","role":"subject"}],"tags":["Psychosis","Government Research","LSD","Therapy"],"substances":["LSD"],"summary":"A 1955 medical film made for the drug company Wm. S. Merrell about Howard D. Fabing's experiments at Christ Hospital in Cincinnati. A 22-year-old graduate student, \"Ronnie,\" takes 100 micrograms of LSD; the film then shows Merrell's compound MER-17 (azacyclonol, sold as Frenquel) given to prevent or reverse the effects. It belongs to the 1950s search for drugs that could block a \"model psychosis.\"","excerpt":"A 1955 medical film made for the drug company Wm. S. Merrell about Howard D. Fabing's experiments at Christ Hospital in Cincinnati. A 22-year-old graduate student, \"Ronnie,\" takes 100 micrograms of LSD; the film then shows Merrell's compound MER-17 (azacyclonol, sold as Frenquel) given to prevent or reverse the effe...","citation":"Experimental Compound MER 17 (Frenquel) and LSD-25 (Wm. S. Merrell Company, 1955), film, U.S. National Archives, NAID 1634172.","rights_statement":"Held by the U.S. National Archives (NAID 1634172); copyright status not determined.","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/6357f4ca-62ad-5cfc-a4de-eb66b357ea01/images/1955-experimental-compound-mer-17-frenquel-and-lsd-25/01-ronnie01.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"db322e96-8500-5cc5-8d3c-15d0a8b26869","slug":"isbell-studies-lsd25-tolerance-1956","title":"Studies on Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD-25): I. Effects in Former Morphine Addicts and Development of Tolerance During Chronic Intoxication","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/isbell-studies-lsd25-tolerance-1956","original_source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1001/archneurpsyc.1956.02330290012002","source_kind":"single","display_date":"November 1956","year":1956,"type":"Academic Article","medium":"Text","era":"1950-1970","region":"United States","language":"English","people":["Harris Isbell","H. F. Fraser","Abraham Wikler","C. R. Logan","R. E. Belleville"],"creators":[{"name":"Harris Isbell","role":"author"},{"name":"H. F. Fraser","role":"author"},{"name":"Abraham Wikler","role":"author"},{"name":"C. R. Logan","role":"author"},{"name":"R. E. Belleville","role":"author"}],"tags":["LSD"],"substances":["LSD"],"summary":"Harris Isbell and colleagues at the NIMH Addiction Research Center in Lexington, Kentucky, gave LSD daily for up to eighty-five days to former morphine addicts to measure tolerance and compare effects to psychosis. They found rapid tolerance to both physiological and mental effects, which disappeared upon discontinuation.","excerpt":"Harris Isbell and colleagues at the NIMH Addiction Research Center in Lexington, Kentucky, gave LSD daily for up to eighty-five days to former morphine addicts to measure tolerance and compare effects to psychosis. They found rapid tolerance to both physiological and mental effects, which disappeared upon discontinu...","citation":"Harris Isbell, R. E. Belleville, H. F. Fraser, Abraham Wikler, and C. R. Logan, \"Studies on Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD-25): I. Effects in Former Morphine Addicts and Development of Tolerance During Chronic Intoxication,\" A.M.A. Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry 76, no. 5 (November 1956): 468-478.","rights_statement":"U.S. Government work, public domain. All five authors were U.S. Public Health Service officers at the National Institute of Mental Health Addiction Research Center, and the article states it reports work performed there as part of their official duties; per 17 U.S.C. sec. 105, such work carries no copyright regardless of the journal in which it was published.","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/db322e96-8500-5cc5-8d3c-15d0a8b26869/images/isbell-studies-lsd25-tolerance-1956/cover.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"76cae6fa-5796-58b9-95c5-034b35c71155","slug":"osmond-review-psychotomimetic-agents-1957","title":"A Review of the Clinical Effects of Psychotomimetic Agents","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/osmond-review-psychotomimetic-agents-1957","original_source_url":"https://nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1957.tb40738.x","source_kind":"single","display_date":"March 1957","year":1957,"type":"Academic Article","medium":"Text","era":"1950-1970","region":"Canada","language":"English","people":["Humphry Osmond"],"creators":[{"name":"Humphry Osmond","role":"author"}],"tags":["LSD"],"substances":["LSD","Mescaline"],"summary":"Osmond surveyed psychotomimetic agents and proposed new terminologies, settling on \"psychedelic, mind-manifesting\" as his choice. This paper put the word into circulation among psychiatrists, coining the term still used today.","excerpt":"Osmond surveyed psychotomimetic agents and proposed new terminologies, settling on \"psychedelic, mind-manifesting\" as his choice. This paper put the word into circulation among psychiatrists, coining the term still used today.","citation":"Humphry Osmond, \"A Review of the Clinical Effects of Psychotomimetic Agents,\" Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 66, no. 3 (March 1957): 418–434.","rights_statement":"In copyright (Wiley, for the New York Academy of Sciences). No US Government interest.","access_type":"external","hosting_status":"external_link","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/76cae6fa-5796-58b9-95c5-034b35c71155/images/osmond-review-psychotomimetic-agents-1957/cover.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"1b793261-5347-5e9e-a4f1-27ee8c14dcd4","slug":"r-gordon-wasson-seeking-magic-mushroom-life-1957","title":"Seeking the Magic Mushroom","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/r-gordon-wasson-seeking-magic-mushroom-life-1957","original_source_url":"https://archive.org/details/Life-1957-05-13-Vol-42-No-19","source_kind":"single","display_date":"May 13, 1957","year":1957,"type":"Newspaper Article","medium":"Text","era":"1950-1970","region":"United States","language":"English","people":["R. Gordon Wasson"],"creators":[{"name":"R. Gordon Wasson","role":"author"}],"tags":["Psilocybin"],"substances":["Psilocybin"],"summary":"R. Gordon Wasson's photo-essay in Life magazine announcing that he and photographer Allan Richardson had participated in a Mazatec mushroom ceremony near Huautla de Jiménez in June 1955. The article, illustrated with color photographs and watercolor plates, named Roger Heim as Wasson's collaborator.","excerpt":"R. Gordon Wasson's photo-essay in Life magazine announcing that he and photographer Allan Richardson had participated in a Mazatec mushroom ceremony near Huautla de Jiménez in June 1955. The article, illustrated with color photographs and watercolor plates, named Roger Heim as Wasson's collaborator.","citation":"Wasson, R. Gordon. \"Seeking the Magic Mushroom.\" Life, May 13, 1957, 100-102, 109-120.","rights_statement":"In copyright (Time Inc., 1957). A scan is hosted publicly by the Internet Archive; used here only as a short verified excerpt per this project's pre-1930 hosting rule.","access_type":"external","hosting_status":"external_link","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/1b793261-5347-5e9e-a4f1-27ee8c14dcd4/images/r-gordon-wasson-seeking-magic-mushroom-life-1957/cover.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"0435259b-5ae7-514a-857f-fa8dcf61750e","slug":"alvarez-de-toledo-psychoanalysis-lsd-1957","title":"Psychoanalysis and LSD-25: Foundations for a Combined Therapeutic Technique","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/alvarez-de-toledo-psychoanalysis-lsd-1957","original_source_url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/psychoanalysis1957","source_kind":"single","display_date":"September 10, 1957","year":1957,"type":"Academic Article","medium":"Text","era":"1950-1970","region":"Argentina","language":"Spanish","people":["Alberto E. Fontana","Francisco Pérez Morales","Luisa de Álvarez de Toledo"],"creators":[{"name":"Alberto E. Fontana","role":"contributor"},{"name":"Francisco Pérez Morales","role":"contributor"},{"name":"Luisa de Álvarez de Toledo","role":"author"}],"tags":["LSD","Psychoanalysis","Therapy"],"substances":["LSD"],"summary":"Luisa G. de Álvarez de Toledo's paper to the Argentine Psychoanalytic Association in Buenos Aires on September 10, 1957, setting out a method for combining LSD sessions with psychoanalysis. Case reports by Alberto E. Fontana and Francisco Pérez Morales follow. It is one of the earliest attempts in Latin America to fit LSD into psychoanalytic treatment.","excerpt":"Luisa G. de Álvarez de Toledo's paper to the Argentine Psychoanalytic Association in Buenos Aires on September 10, 1957, setting out a method for combining LSD sessions with psychoanalysis. Case reports by Alberto E. Fontana and Francisco Pérez Morales follow. It is one of the earliest attempts in Latin America to f...","citation":"Luisa G. de Álvarez de Toledo, with Alberto E. Fontana and Francisco Pérez Morales, \"Psicoanálisis y dietilamida del ácido lisérgico (LSD-25): Fundamentos para una técnica terapéutica combinada,\" paper presented to the Asociación Psicoanalítica Argentina, Buenos Aires, September 10, 1957.","rights_statement":"Needs rights review before republication.","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"page_images","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/0435259b-5ae7-514a-857f-fa8dcf61750e/images/psychoanalysis1957/01-title-page-alvarez-de-toledo-1957.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"f8e9a2f3-7e8a-5647-84f8-98b0879e1559","slug":"native-american-church-v-navajo-tribal-council-1959","title":"Native American Church of North America v. Navajo Tribal Council","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/native-american-church-v-navajo-tribal-council-1959","original_source_url":"https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/249340/native-american-church-of-north-america-v-navajo-tribal-council/","source_kind":"single","display_date":"November 17, 1959","year":1959,"type":"Source","medium":"Text","era":"1950-1970","region":"United States (Navajo Nation)","language":"English","people":["Delmas C. Hill"],"creators":[{"name":"Delmas C. Hill","role":"author"}],"tags":[],"substances":["Mescaline","Peyote"],"summary":"The Tenth Circuit affirms dismissal of a Native American Church suit against the Navajo Tribal Council's 1940 peyote ban, holding that the First Amendment does not apply to tribal governments unless Congress extends it. The court treats tribes as sovereign nations outside the federal Constitution.","excerpt":"The Tenth Circuit affirms dismissal of a Native American Church suit against the Navajo Tribal Council's 1940 peyote ban, holding that the First Amendment does not apply to tribal governments unless Congress extends it. The court treats tribes as sovereign nations outside the federal Constitution.","citation":"Native American Church of North America v. Navajo Tribal Council, 272 F.2d 131 (10th Cir. 1959).","rights_statement":"Public domain (U.S. judicial opinion; edicts-of-government doctrine)","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/f8e9a2f3-7e8a-5647-84f8-98b0879e1559/images/native-american-church-v-navajo-tribal-council-1959/cover.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"190a56af-fdad-5dec-908d-f151a6ec60a1","slug":"cohen-lsd-side-effects-complications-1960","title":"Lysergic Acid Diethylamide: Side Effects and Complications","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/cohen-lsd-side-effects-complications-1960","original_source_url":"https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-nervous-and-mental-disease_1960-01_130_1","source_kind":"single","display_date":"January 1960","year":1960,"type":"Academic Article","medium":"Text","era":"1950-1970","region":"United States","language":"English","people":["Sidney Cohen"],"creators":[{"name":"Sidney Cohen","role":"author"}],"tags":["Clinical","LSD"],"substances":["LSD","Mescaline"],"summary":"Sidney Cohen surveyed researchers at the VA Neuropsychiatric Hospital who had administered LSD or mescaline to nearly 5,000 subjects across more than 25,000 doses. He found no cases of serious prolonged physical harm and quantified low rates of suicide attempts, psychotic breaks over 48 hours, and other adverse effects.","excerpt":"Sidney Cohen surveyed researchers at the VA Neuropsychiatric Hospital who had administered LSD or mescaline to nearly 5,000 subjects across more than 25,000 doses. He found no cases of serious prolonged physical harm and quantified low rates of suicide attempts, psychotic breaks over 48 hours, and other adverse effe...","citation":"Sidney Cohen, \"Lysergic Acid Diethylamide: Side Effects and Complications,\" Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 130, no. 1 (January 1960): 30–40.","rights_statement":"Copyright not renewed. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease did not renew any issue or contribution copyright until December 1960 (v. 131, no. 6); this article, in the January 1960 issue (v. 130, no. 1), predates that by a full volume and was never renewed.","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/190a56af-fdad-5dec-908d-f151a6ec60a1/images/cohen-lsd-side-effects-complications-1960/cover.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"371dddf8-1adf-57f3-8518-682983694e74","slug":"sim-clinical-investigation-ea1729-1961","title":"Clinical Investigation of EA 1729","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/sim-clinical-investigation-ea1729-1961","original_source_url":"https://archive.org/details/DTIC_AD0323701","source_kind":"single","display_date":"June 1961","year":1961,"type":"Source","medium":"Text","era":"1950-1970","region":"United States","language":"English","people":["Van M. Sim"],"creators":[{"name":"Van M. Sim","role":"author"}],"tags":["LSD"],"substances":["LSD"],"summary":"A declassified Army Chemical Research and Development Laboratories report on EA 1729 (LSD-25) as a non-lethal incapacitating agent. Includes clinical studies from 1955-1960 and September 1958 field tests at Fort Bragg in which whole military units were dosed with LSD and evaluated on operational tasks; all units proved unable to perform their missions.","excerpt":"A declassified Army Chemical Research and Development Laboratories report on EA 1729 (LSD-25) as a non-lethal incapacitating agent. Includes clinical studies from 1955-1960 and September 1958 field tests at Fort Bragg in which whole military units were dosed with LSD and evaluated on operational tasks; all units pro...","citation":"Van M. Sim, Clinical Investigation of EA 1729 (U), CRDLR 3074 (Army Chemical Center, MD: U.S. Army Chemical Research and Development Laboratories, June 1961), declassified 1975, DTIC accession AD323701.","rights_statement":"U.S. Government work, public domain. Originally classified SECRET; downgraded and released for public distribution per Army Edgewood Arsenal notice dated 17 September 1975.","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/371dddf8-1adf-57f3-8518-682983694e74/images/sim-clinical-investigation-ea1729-1961/cover.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"3e425691-e199-5a07-8199-71466a4cda19","slug":"orlando-sentinel-lilly-dolphins-nasa-1962","title":"“Dolphin’s Voice May Be Key to Communications”","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/orlando-sentinel-lilly-dolphins-nasa-1962","original_source_url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/blog-post-title-one-t2tym","source_kind":"single","display_date":"September 17, 1962","year":1962,"type":"Newspaper Article","medium":"Text","era":"1950-1970","region":"United States","language":"English","people":["John C. Lilly"],"creators":[{"name":"John C. Lilly","role":"subject"}],"tags":["Networks","Animal Research"],"substances":[],"summary":"A newspaper report that NASA had given John C. Lilly's Communication Research Institute an $80,700 contract to study communication between humans and dolphins. It shows the space-age funding behind the dolphin research that later included Lilly's LSD experiments.","excerpt":"A newspaper report that NASA had given John C. Lilly's Communication Research Institute an $80,700 contract to study communication between humans and dolphins. It shows the space-age funding behind the dolphin research that later included Lilly's LSD experiments.","citation":"\"Dolphin's Voice May Be Key to Communications,\" Orlando Sentinel, September 17, 1962.","rights_statement":"In copyright; transcribed for research and teaching under fair use.","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/3e425691-e199-5a07-8199-71466a4cda19/images/blog-post-title-one-t2tym/01-lilly-dolphin-orlando-sentinel-snippet.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"20da89ef-0103-5bfd-ac9e-3e22af14942e","slug":"wasson-new-mexican-psychotropic-drug-mint-family-1962","title":"A New Mexican Psychotropic Drug from the Mint Family","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/wasson-new-mexican-psychotropic-drug-mint-family-1962","original_source_url":"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/168538","source_kind":"single","display_date":"1962","year":1962,"type":"Academic Article","medium":"Text","era":"1950-1970","region":"Oaxaca, Mexico","language":"English","people":["R. Gordon Wasson"],"creators":[{"name":"R. Gordon Wasson","role":"author"}],"tags":["Ethnobotany"],"substances":["Salvia divinorum"],"summary":"The first scientific identification of Salvia divinorum, published in Harvard's Botanical Museum Leaflets. Wasson reports ingesting the Mazatec 'leaves of the Shepherdess' at two ceremonies in Oaxaca in 1961-62, attended on the second occasion by Albert Hofmann and his wife.","excerpt":"The first scientific identification of Salvia divinorum, published in Harvard's Botanical Museum Leaflets. Wasson reports ingesting the Mazatec 'leaves of the Shepherdess' at two ceremonies in Oaxaca in 1961-62, attended on the second occasion by Albert Hofmann and his wife.","citation":"Wasson, R. Gordon. \"A New Mexican Psychotropic Drug from the Mint Family.\" Botanical Museum Leaflets, Harvard University 20, no. 3 (1962): 77-84.","rights_statement":"Copyright status not established. Botanical Museum Leaflets was a Harvard institutional serial, and the 1941 issue in this archive was verified unrenewed, but a renewal for the 1962 volume would have been filed in 1990 and the Copyright Office's post-1978 records are only searchable through a JavaScript interface that could not be queried here. Treated as in copyright: roughly 1,000 words are reproduced for teaching and research under fair use, and the full article remains with the publisher.","access_type":"external","hosting_status":"external_link","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/20da89ef-0103-5bfd-ac9e-3e22af14942e/images/wasson-new-mexican-psychotropic-drug-mint-family-1962/cover.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"006306a2-abc1-5d20-afba-1aee3818051e","slug":"harvard-crimson-psilocybin-1963","title":"Psilocybin, Senate Race Highlight Harvard Year","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/harvard-crimson-psilocybin-1963","original_source_url":"https://www.thecrimson.com/article/1963/7/9/psilocybin-senate-race-highlight-harvard-year/","source_kind":"single","display_date":"July 9, 1963","year":1963,"type":"Newspaper Article","medium":"Text","era":"1950-1970","region":"United States","language":"English","people":["Efrem Sigel"],"creators":[{"name":"Efrem Sigel","role":"author"}],"tags":["Psilocybin"],"substances":["Psilocybin"],"summary":"The Harvard Crimson's July 1963 year-in-review covers Richard Alpert's May dismissal for giving psilocybin to an undergraduate and Timothy Leary's suspension. The article traces the dispute from March 1962 through the November 1962 warning by Dean Monro and Dr. Farnsworth.","excerpt":"The Harvard Crimson's July 1963 year-in-review covers Richard Alpert's May dismissal for giving psilocybin to an undergraduate and Timothy Leary's suspension. The article traces the dispute from March 1962 through the November 1962 warning by Dean Monro and Dr. Farnsworth.","citation":"Efrem Sigel, \"Psilocybin, Senate Race Highlight Harvard Year,\" The Harvard Crimson, July 9, 1963.","rights_statement":"Copyright not renewed and apparently never separately registered; treated as public domain. The Crimson's modern site asserts a blanket copyright over all its content, but that is a current-day policy statement, not evidence this specific 1963 issue was registered.","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/006306a2-abc1-5d20-afba-1aee3818051e/images/harvard-crimson-psilocybin-1963/cover.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"9b54e6f2-a50e-5b85-8d39-0f69bd3c4487","slug":"cia-ig-report-mkultra-1963","title":"Report of Inspection of MKULTRA","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/cia-ig-report-mkultra-1963","original_source_url":"https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/document/06767515","source_kind":"single","display_date":"26 July 1963","year":1963,"type":"Testimony","medium":"Text","era":"1950-1970","region":"United States","language":"English","people":["J. S. Earman"],"creators":[{"name":"J. S. Earman","role":"author"}],"tags":["MKULTRA","LSD"],"substances":["LSD"],"summary":"The CIA Inspector General's internal audit of MKULTRA, documenting covert LSD and drug testing on unwitting American citizens through a Bureau of Narcotics safehouse arrangement. The Inspector General finds safeguards inadequate and recommends terminating unwitting testing on Americans.","excerpt":"The CIA Inspector General's internal audit of MKULTRA, documenting covert LSD and drug testing on unwitting American citizens through a Bureau of Narcotics safehouse arrangement. The Inspector General finds safeguards inadequate and recommends terminating unwitting testing on Americans.","citation":"J. S. Earman, \"Report of Inspection of MKULTRA,\" CIA Office of the Inspector General, 26 July 1963, CIA CREST document C06767515.","rights_statement":"US Government work, public domain","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/9b54e6f2-a50e-5b85-8d39-0f69bd3c4487/images/cia-ig-report-mkultra-1963/cover.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"e308070d-8824-53c9-a521-47be4d755f22","slug":"psychedelic-review-1963-vol1no1","title":"The Psychedelic Review, Vol. I, No. 1","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/psychedelic-review-1963-vol1no1","original_source_url":"https://maps.org/research-archive/psychedelicreview/v1n1/psychreview01.pdf","source_kind":"single","display_date":"June 1963","year":1963,"type":"Academic Article","medium":"Text","era":"1950-1970","region":"United States","language":"English","people":["Gerald Heard","Gunther M. Weil","Timothy Leary","Alan Watts","Ralph Metzner","R. Gordon Wasson"],"creators":[{"name":"Gerald Heard","role":"author"},{"name":"Gunther M. Weil","role":"editor"},{"name":"Timothy Leary","role":"editor"},{"name":"Alan Watts","role":"author"},{"name":"Ralph Metzner","role":"editor"},{"name":"R. Gordon Wasson","role":"author"}],"tags":["LSD","Psilocybin"],"substances":["LSD","Mescaline","Psilocybin"],"summary":"The founding issue of The Psychedelic Review, published in June 1963 by Timothy Leary and Ralph Metzner's International Federation for Internal Freedom. Hosted here are the issue's unsigned Editorial and Statement of Purpose, which set out the journal's program and explain its choice of the word 'psychedelic.' The issue's bylined articles, by Gerald Heard, R. Gordon Wasson, and Alan Watts, are described in the front matter but not reproduced.","excerpt":"The founding issue of The Psychedelic Review, published in June 1963 by Timothy Leary and Ralph Metzner's International Federation for Internal Freedom. Hosted here are the issue's unsigned Editorial and Statement of Purpose, which set out the journal's program and explain its choice of the word 'psychedelic.' The i...","citation":"The Psychedelic Review, vol. 1, no. 1 (June 1963), ed. Timothy Leary, Ralph Metzner, and Gunther M. Weil (Cambridge, MA: International Federation for Internal Freedom).","rights_statement":"Public domain: not renewed. Published June 1963, within the 1923-1963 window under the 1909 Copyright Act that required a renewal filing in the work's 28th year (due 1990-1991) to keep it in copyright; no such filing was ever made, so the issue lapsed into the public domain.","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/e308070d-8824-53c9-a521-47be4d755f22/images/psychedelic-review-1963-vol1no1/cover.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"61c2013e-cbfc-5dba-9b71-b077742623a4","slug":"news-call-bulletin-menlo-park-lsd-1963","title":"Menlo Wife’s Story: Drugs Open New Life: In a Drug-Filled Chalice, Total Love","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/news-call-bulletin-menlo-park-lsd-1963","original_source_url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/drugfilledchalice","source_kind":"single","display_date":"January 3, 1963","year":1963,"type":"Newspaper Article","medium":"Text","era":"1950-1970","region":"United States (California)","language":"English","people":["George Draper"],"creators":[{"name":"George Draper","role":"author"}],"tags":[],"substances":[],"summary":"George Draper's front-page story about Maureen Thompson, a Menlo Park mother of four who took LSD and mescaline in August 1961 at Myron Stolaroff's International Foundation for Advanced Study, which charged $500. She describes the session as a turning point in her life, and her husband Bill took the same treatment a week later.","excerpt":"George Draper's front-page story about Maureen Thompson, a Menlo Park mother of four who took LSD and mescaline in August 1961 at Myron Stolaroff's International Foundation for Advanced Study, which charged $500. She describes the session as a turning point in her life, and her husband Bill took the same treatment a...","citation":"George Draper, \"Menlo Wife's Story: Drugs Open New Life: In a Drug-Filled Chalice, Total Love,\" News Call Bulletin (San Francisco), January 3, 1963, p. 1.","rights_statement":"In copyright; transcribed for research and teaching under fair use.","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/61c2013e-cbfc-5dba-9b71-b077742623a4/images/drugfilledchalice/01-Maureen-Thompson-22In-a-Drug-Filled-Chalice-Total-Love-22-boundless-1962-newspaper.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"c0cac238-904c-5701-b732-3943437600dc","slug":"leary-metzner-alpert-psychedelic-experience-1964","title":"The Psychedelic Experience: A Manual Based on the Tibetan Book of the Dead","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/leary-metzner-alpert-psychedelic-experience-1964","original_source_url":"https://archive.org/details/ThePsychedelicExperienceAManualBasedOnTheTibetanBookOfTheDead","source_kind":"single","display_date":"1964","year":1964,"type":"Book","medium":"Text","era":"1950-1970","region":"United States","language":"English","people":["Timothy Leary","Richard Alpert","Ralph Metzner"],"creators":[{"name":"Timothy Leary","role":"author"},{"name":"Richard Alpert","role":"author"},{"name":"Ralph Metzner","role":"author"}],"tags":["LSD","Psilocybin","DMT"],"substances":["LSD","Mescaline","Psilocybin","DMT"],"summary":"Leary, Metzner and Alpert recast the Tibetan Book of the Dead as a manual for LSD, psilocybin and mescaline sessions. Hosted here is a fair-use excerpt: the book's opening definition of 'set and setting,' and the full 'Preparation' and 'The Setting' sections, which give that idea its practical, session-by-session form.","excerpt":"Leary, Metzner and Alpert recast the Tibetan Book of the Dead as a manual for LSD, psilocybin and mescaline sessions. Hosted here is a fair-use excerpt: the book's opening definition of 'set and setting,' and the full 'Preparation' and 'The Setting' sections, which give that idea its practical, session-by-session form.","citation":"Timothy Leary, Ralph Metzner, and Richard Alpert, The Psychedelic Experience: A Manual Based on the Tibetan Book of the Dead (New Hyde Park, N.Y.: University Books, 1964).","rights_statement":"In copyright. Published 1964, one year after the close of the 1923-1963 window that required renewal filing to keep a work in copyright; the Copyright Renewal Act of 1992 made renewal automatic for everything published 1964-1977, so this book remains under copyright through the full term regardless of whether a renewal was ever filed. Excerpt of about 1,700 words -- the 'set and setting' passages -- reproduced for teaching and research under fair use; the full text remains with the rights holders.","access_type":"external","hosting_status":"external_link","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/c0cac238-904c-5701-b732-3943437600dc/images/leary-metzner-alpert-psychedelic-experience-1964/cover.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"1fe2c177-ef2f-5843-adbe-f0ae0364f080","slug":"people-v-woody-1964","title":"People v. Woody","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/people-v-woody-1964","original_source_url":"https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/2619277/people-v-woody/","source_kind":"single","display_date":"August 24, 1964","year":1964,"type":"Source","medium":"Text","era":"1950-1970","region":"United States (California)","language":"English","people":["Mathew O. Tobriner"],"creators":[{"name":"Mathew O. Tobriner","role":"author"}],"tags":[],"substances":["Mescaline","Peyote"],"summary":"The California Supreme Court reverses the peyote convictions of four Navajo men arrested at a Native American Church meeting near Needles in 1962. Justice Tobriner's opinion describes the all-night ceremony, its officers and its ritual objects before reaching the First Amendment question.","excerpt":"The California Supreme Court reverses the peyote convictions of four Navajo men arrested at a Native American Church meeting near Needles in 1962. Justice Tobriner's opinion describes the all-night ceremony, its officers and its ritual objects before reaching the First Amendment question.","citation":"People v. Woody, 61 Cal. 2d 716, 394 P.2d 813 (1964).","rights_statement":"Public domain (U.S. judicial opinion; edicts-of-government doctrine)","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/1fe2c177-ef2f-5843-adbe-f0ae0364f080/images/people-v-woody-1964/cover.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"7843f7c0-1785-57ea-ac90-1f1ba8f00b1d","slug":"sidney-cohen-ucla-lecture-esp-1965","title":"Sidney Cohen’s UCLA Lecture on ESP","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/sidney-cohen-ucla-lecture-esp-1965","original_source_url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=idvpM_mTyz4","source_kind":"single","display_date":"February 24, 1965","year":1965,"type":"Audio/Video","medium":"Audio/Video","era":"1950-1970","region":"United States (California)","language":"English","people":["Sidney Cohen"],"creators":[{"name":"Sidney Cohen","role":"author"}],"tags":["ESP","Human Potential"],"substances":[],"summary":"An excerpt (25:14–36:48) from a February 1965 UCLA lecture by Sidney Cohen on extrasensory perception and claims of \"dermal optical perception,\" or seeing through the skin. Cohen mentions synesthesia under LSD and mescaline, then argues that unproven claims belong in a \"suspense file\" rather than being accepted or dismissed.","excerpt":"An excerpt (25:14–36:48) from a February 1965 UCLA lecture by Sidney Cohen on extrasensory perception and claims of \"dermal optical perception,\" or seeing through the skin. Cohen mentions synesthesia under LSD and mescaline, then argues that unproven claims belong in a \"suspense file\" rather than being accepted or d...","citation":"Sidney Cohen, lecture at UCLA, February 24, 1965, UCLA Irv and Xiaoyan Drasnin Communication Archive.","rights_statement":"Needs rights review before republication.","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/7843f7c0-1785-57ea-ac90-1f1ba8f00b1d/images/1966-sidney-cohens-ucla-speech-on-psychedelics-59kzr/01-IMG_7541.jpeg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"86781c87-9be9-50b5-aca9-99ce25e464b9","slug":"lilly-dolphin-peter-lsd-recording-1965","title":"Recording of the Dolphin Peter after Being Given LSD","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/lilly-dolphin-peter-lsd-recording-1965","original_source_url":"https://purl.stanford.edu/cd151tg6412","source_kind":"single","display_date":"April 19, 1965","year":1965,"type":"Audio/Video","medium":"Audio/Video","era":"1950-1970","region":"U.S. Virgin Islands (St. Thomas)","language":"English","people":["John C. Lilly"],"creators":[{"name":"John C. Lilly","role":"author"}],"tags":[],"substances":[],"summary":"A reel-to-reel tape made on April 19, 1965, at John C. Lilly's Communication Research Institute on St. Thomas, with the sounds of the dolphin Peter after he was given LSD; Lilly can also be heard. Stanford University Libraries digitized the tape in 2014.","excerpt":"A reel-to-reel tape made on April 19, 1965, at John C. Lilly's Communication Research Institute on St. Thomas, with the sounds of the dolphin Peter after he was given LSD; Lilly can also be heard. Stanford University Libraries digitized the tape in 2014.","citation":"Recording of the dolphin Peter after being given LSD, 1965 April 19, John C. Lilly papers, Department of Special Collections, Stanford University Libraries (druid cd151tg6412).","rights_statement":"Stanford University Libraries, Special Collections; may be subject to copyright.","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"1d705cf3-dbb4-5692-a87f-af62cb2dee06","slug":"ginsberg-adams-lsd-conversation-1965","title":"Allen Ginsberg and Joe K. Adams Discuss LSD","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/ginsberg-adams-lsd-conversation-1965","original_source_url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/1965-allen-ginsberg-talks-to-joe-k-adams-about-his-first-lsd-trip","source_kind":"single","display_date":"December 12, 1965","year":1965,"type":"Audio/Video","medium":"Audio/Video","era":"1950-1970","region":"United States (California)","language":"English","people":["Allen Ginsberg","Peter Orlovsky","Joe K. Adams"],"creators":[{"name":"Allen Ginsberg","role":"speaker"},{"name":"Peter Orlovsky","role":"speaker"},{"name":"Joe K. Adams","role":"speaker"}],"tags":["LSD","Networks"],"substances":["LSD"],"summary":"Allen Ginsberg's tape of a December 1965 conversation with the psychologist Joe K. Adams, with Peter Orlovsky present. Adams describes the months-long manic episode that followed an LSD session in 1960 and his involuntary hospitalization, and talks about figures in Bay Area psychedelic research such as Charles Savage and Karl Bowman.","excerpt":"Allen Ginsberg's tape of a December 1965 conversation with the psychologist Joe K. Adams, with Peter Orlovsky present. Adams describes the months-long manic episode that followed an LSD session in 1960 and his involuntary hospitalization, and talks about figures in Bay Area psychedelic research such as Charles Savag...","citation":"Box 120, Reel 1, “1965 Dec 12. Side A: Conversation with Joe Adams (Saturday evening and acid test),” Allen Ginsberg papers, Stanford University (transcribed by Benjamin Breen from an MP3 provided by Stanford for research purposes)","rights_statement":"Needs rights review before republication.","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/1d705cf3-dbb4-5692-a87f-af62cb2dee06/images/1965-allen-ginsberg-talks-to-joe-k-adams-about-his-first-lsd-trip/01-Redwood-Lodge-Joe-ADams.jpeg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"e6058d33-8ce1-51d1-8493-dbba7b5d3cc8","slug":"ginsberg-senate-testimony-lsd-1966","title":"Testimony of Allen Ginsberg on LSD before a Special Subcommittee of the Senate Committee on the Judiciary","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/ginsberg-senate-testimony-lsd-1966","original_source_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/CHRG-89shrg66668","source_kind":"single","display_date":"June 14, 1966","year":1966,"type":"Testimony","medium":"Text","era":"1950-1970","region":"United States","language":"English","people":["Allen Ginsberg"],"creators":[{"name":"Allen Ginsberg","role":"author"}],"tags":["LSD","Psilocybin","Counterculture","Poetry","Ayahuasca"],"substances":["LSD","Mescaline","Psilocybin","Peyote","Ayahuasca"],"summary":"The poet Allen Ginsberg (1926–1997) testified on June 14, 1966, before the special Senate Judiciary subcommittee holding hearings on narcotic rehabilitation and LSD on college campuses, with Quentin N. Burdick (1908–1992) presiding. He read a long prepared statement describing his visionary experience of 1948 and his use of peyote, mescaline, LSD, and ayahuasca, then argued from newspaper coverage and the medical literature that LSD's dangers had been exaggerated and that research should be expanded. The record hosts the full printed text, pp. 487–509, including his questioning by Burdick and Jacob K. Javits (1904–1986), his list of proposed research topics (Exhibit No. 76), and the references he put into the record.","excerpt":"The poet Allen Ginsberg (1926–1997) testified on June 14, 1966, before the special Senate Judiciary subcommittee holding hearings on narcotic rehabilitation and LSD on college campuses, with Quentin N. Burdick (1908–1992) presiding. He read a long prepared statement describing his visionary experience of 1948 and hi...","citation":"Allen Ginsberg, testimony of June 14, 1966, in The Narcotic Rehabilitation Act of 1966: Hearings before a Special Subcommittee of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, Eighty-ninth Congress, Second Session, pursuant to S. Res. 199, on S. 2113, S. 2114, S. 2152 and LSD and Marihuana Use on College Campuses (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1966), 487–509.","rights_statement":"US Government work, public domain","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/e6058d33-8ce1-51d1-8493-dbba7b5d3cc8/images/ginsberg-senate-testimony-lsd-1966/cover.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"5dcff95d-f4e8-56d6-a68a-7154d64df15c","slug":"leary-senate-testimony-lsd-1966","title":"Testimony of Timothy Leary on LSD before a Special Subcommittee of the Senate Committee on the Judiciary","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/leary-senate-testimony-lsd-1966","original_source_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/CHRG-89shrg66668","source_kind":"single","display_date":"May 13, 1966","year":1966,"type":"Testimony","medium":"Text","era":"1950-1970","region":"United States","language":"English","people":["Timothy Leary"],"creators":[{"name":"Timothy Leary","role":"author"}],"tags":["LSD","Counterculture"],"substances":["LSD"],"summary":"Timothy Leary (1920–1996), then president of the Castalia Foundation at Millbrook, New York, testified on May 13, 1966, before the special Senate Judiciary subcommittee chaired by Thomas J. Dodd (1907–1971) that was holding hearings on narcotic addict rehabilitation and on LSD use on college campuses. Leary proposed licensing adults to use psychedelics and offering supervised university courses, and he sparred at length with Senator Edward M. Kennedy (1932–2009) over control, possession, and danger. The record hosts the full printed exchange, pp. 238–258, from Dodd's introduction to the recess.","excerpt":"Timothy Leary (1920–1996), then president of the Castalia Foundation at Millbrook, New York, testified on May 13, 1966, before the special Senate Judiciary subcommittee chaired by Thomas J. Dodd (1907–1971) that was holding hearings on narcotic addict rehabilitation and on LSD use on college campuses. Leary proposed...","citation":"Timothy Leary, testimony of May 13, 1966, in The Narcotic Rehabilitation Act of 1966: Hearings before a Special Subcommittee of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, Eighty-ninth Congress, Second Session, pursuant to S. Res. 199, on S. 2113, S. 2114, S. 2152 and LSD and Marihuana Use on College Campuses (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1966), 238–58.","rights_statement":"US Government work, public domain","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/5dcff95d-f4e8-56d6-a68a-7154d64df15c/images/leary-senate-testimony-lsd-1966/cover.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"ff7463f4-b0da-5472-be20-bbe295f1954e","slug":"sidney-cohen-ucla-lecture-lsd-1966","title":"Sidney Cohen’s UCLA Lecture on LSD","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/sidney-cohen-ucla-lecture-lsd-1966","original_source_url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eeWTMUyPdXw","source_kind":"single","display_date":"March 2, 1966","year":1966,"type":"Audio/Video","medium":"Audio/Video","era":"1950-1970","region":"United States (California)","language":"English","people":["Sidney Cohen"],"creators":[{"name":"Sidney Cohen","role":"author"}],"tags":[],"substances":[],"summary":"A talk at UCLA in March 1966 by Sidney Cohen, the Los Angeles psychiatrist who had studied LSD since 1955. Cohen compares the drug state to religious mystical experience and calls LSD a valuable research tool, but predicts that its future is \"miserable\" as accidents, public fear, and new laws pile up.","excerpt":"A talk at UCLA in March 1966 by Sidney Cohen, the Los Angeles psychiatrist who had studied LSD since 1955. Cohen compares the drug state to religious mystical experience and calls LSD a valuable research tool, but predicts that its future is \"miserable\" as accidents, public fear, and new laws pile up.","citation":"Sidney Cohen, lecture at UCLA, March 2, 1966, UCLA Irv and Xiaoyan Drasnin Communication Archive.","rights_statement":"Needs rights review before republication.","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"ad821d23-2fac-5ac7-b915-4998f8018223","slug":"lsd-lettvin-vs-leary","title":"LSD: Lettvin vs Leary","subtitle":"NET Journal debate with transcript from Innisfree's LSD: The Great Debate","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/lsd-lettvin-vs-leary","original_source_url":"https://americanarchive.org/catalog/cpb-aacip-15-q52f766j20","source_kind":"single","display_date":"November 20, 1967","year":1967,"type":"Audio/Video","medium":"Audio/Video","era":"1950-1970","region":"United States","language":"English","people":["Timothy Leary","Jerome Lettvin"],"creators":[{"name":"Timothy Leary","role":"speaker"},{"name":"Jerome Lettvin","role":"speaker"}],"tags":["Government Research","LSD","Counterculture","Religion"],"substances":["LSD"],"summary":"A televised debate between Timothy Leary and MIT professor Jerome Lettvin over LSD, religion, danger, judgment, and social control, staged at MIT's Kresge Auditorium and later broadcast by NET Journal.","excerpt":"A televised debate between Timothy Leary and MIT professor Jerome Lettvin over LSD, religion, danger, judgment, and social control, staged at MIT's Kresge Auditorium and later broadcast by NET Journal.","citation":"“NET Journal; LSD: Lettvin vs Leary,” 1967-11-20, WGBH, Library of Congress, American Archive of Public Broadcasting (GBH and the Library of Congress), Boston, MA and Washington, DC. Transcript source: Innisfree, “LSD: The Great Debate,” supplement issue, 1967.","rights_statement":"AAPB online access provided by GBH and the Library of Congress. Transcript PDF rights status pending review; contact the archive before republication.","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"hosted_transcript_external_media","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/ad821d23-2fac-5ac7-b915-4998f8018223/thumbnail/lettvin-vs-leary.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"aba80607-e798-5387-bc7d-fa61e41b7fc6","slug":"psychotropic-properties-of-the-harmala-alkaloids","title":"Psychotropic Properties of the Harmala Alkaloids","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/psychotropic-properties-of-the-harmala-alkaloids","original_source_url":"https://www.claudionaranjo.net/pdf_files/psychedelics/psychotropic_properties_of_the_harmala_alkaloids_english.pdf","source_kind":"single","display_date":"1967","year":1967,"type":"Academic Article","medium":"Text","era":"1950-1970","region":"Chile; South America","language":"English","people":["Claudio Naranjo"],"creators":[{"name":"Claudio Naranjo","role":"author"}],"tags":["Pharmacology","Clinical","Ayahuasca"],"substances":["Mescaline","Harmine","Ayahuasca"],"summary":"A Chilean psychiatrist's report on harmala alkaloids, ayahuasca-related beta-carbolines, and comparative human experiments with harmaline and mescaline at the University of Chile.","excerpt":"A Chilean psychiatrist's report on harmala alkaloids, ayahuasca-related beta-carbolines, and comparative human experiments with harmaline and mescaline at the University of Chile.","citation":"Naranjo, Claudio. \"Psychotropic Properties of the Harmala Alkaloids.\" In Ethnopharmacologic Search for Psychoactive Drugs, edited by Daniel H. Efron, Bo Holmstedt, and Nathan S. Kline, 385-391. U.S. Public Health Service Publication No. 1645. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1967.","rights_statement":"Source PDF describes the 1967 U.S. government publication as copyright-free; review before republication.","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"full_text","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/aba80607-e798-5387-bc7d-fa61e41b7fc6/images/psychotropic-properties-of-the-harmala-alkaloids/01-claudio-naranjo.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"3909571c-9825-5c71-94c2-759529b2db56","slug":"sf-oracle-houseboat-summit-1967","title":"The Houseboat Summit","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/sf-oracle-houseboat-summit-1967","original_source_url":"https://archive.org/details/SanFranciscoOracleVol.1No.7D.D.TeoliJr.A.C.1","source_kind":"single","display_date":"February 1967","year":1967,"type":"Newspaper Article","medium":"Text","era":"1950-1970","region":"United States","language":"English","people":["Timothy Leary","Alan Watts","Allen Ginsberg","Allen Cohen","Gary Snyder"],"creators":[{"name":"Timothy Leary","role":"author"},{"name":"Alan Watts","role":"interviewer"},{"name":"Allen Ginsberg","role":"author"},{"name":"Allen Cohen","role":"editor"},{"name":"Gary Snyder","role":"author"}],"tags":["LSD","Counterculture"],"substances":["LSD"],"summary":"A conversation among Leary, Ginsberg, Snyder, and Watts, taped aboard Watts's houseboat and published in San Francisco Oracle no. 7 (February 1967). Hosted here is the opening run of the conversation, in which the four debate dropping out of mainstream society versus working within it, and trace the psychedelic movement's lineage back through earlier utopian and religious dissent. The full conversation continues on to LSD, utopian withdrawal, and post-drop-out economics.","excerpt":"A conversation among Leary, Ginsberg, Snyder, and Watts, taped aboard Watts's houseboat and published in San Francisco Oracle no. 7 (February 1967). Hosted here is the opening run of the conversation, in which the four debate dropping out of mainstream society versus working within it, and trace the psychedelic move...","citation":"Alan Watts, Timothy Leary, Allen Ginsberg, and Gary Snyder, \"The Houseboat Summit,\" San Francisco Oracle, no. 7 (February 1967).","rights_statement":"In copyright. Published February 1967, within the 1964-1977 window for which the Copyright Renewal Act of 1992 made renewal automatic; this issue of the Oracle remains under copyright through the full term regardless of whether any renewal was ever filed for it. Excerpt of about 1,100 words -- a continuous run of the conversation's opening -- reproduced for teaching and research under fair use; the full transcript remains with the rights holders.","access_type":"external","hosting_status":"external_link","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/3909571c-9825-5c71-94c2-759529b2db56/images/sf-oracle-houseboat-summit-1967/cover.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"a6e936e8-919a-523e-8ca1-877e607dffd7","slug":"united-states-v-kuch-1968","title":"United States v. Kuch","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/united-states-v-kuch-1968","original_source_url":"https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/1642100/united-states-v-kuch/","source_kind":"single","display_date":"July 1, 1968","year":1968,"type":"Source","medium":"Text","era":"1950-1970","region":"United States (Washington, D.C.)","language":"English","people":["Gerhard A. Gesell"],"creators":[{"name":"Gerhard A. Gesell","role":"author"}],"tags":["LSD"],"substances":["LSD","Peyote"],"summary":"Judge Gesell denies the Neo-American Church's motion to dismiss LSD and marihuana charges against a minister. The court catalogs the church's symbols and regalia, concludes it lacks genuine religious doctrine, and rejects an equal-protection claim based on the Native American Church's peyote exemption.","excerpt":"Judge Gesell denies the Neo-American Church's motion to dismiss LSD and marihuana charges against a minister. The court catalogs the church's symbols and regalia, concludes it lacks genuine religious doctrine, and rejects an equal-protection claim based on the Native American Church's peyote exemption.","citation":"United States v. Kuch, 288 F. Supp. 439 (D.D.C. 1968).","rights_statement":"Public domain (U.S. judicial opinion; edicts-of-government doctrine)","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/a6e936e8-919a-523e-8ca1-877e607dffd7/images/united-states-v-kuch-1968/cover.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"0d0ecc94-e4d5-5baf-b174-67112069445c","slug":"el-contexto-cultural-de-un-alucinogeno-aborigen-banisteriopsis-caapi","title":"El contexto cultural de un alucinógeno aborigen: Banisteriopsis caapi","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/el-contexto-cultural-de-un-alucinogeno-aborigen-banisteriopsis-caapi","original_source_url":"https://raccefyn.co/index.php/raccefyn/article/download/3516/4778/35485","source_kind":"single","display_date":"1969","year":1969,"type":"Academic Article","medium":"Text","era":"1950-1970","region":"Colombia; Vaupés; Northwest Amazon","language":"Spanish","people":["Gerardo Reichel-Dolmatoff"],"creators":[{"name":"Gerardo Reichel-Dolmatoff","role":"author"}],"tags":["Indigenous Knowledge","Ayahuasca","Anthropology"],"substances":["Ayahuasca"],"summary":"A Colombian Amazon ethnographic study placing Tukano use of Banisteriopsis caapi, or yajé, within a wider cultural system of mythology, ritual, symbolism, perception, and social knowledge.","excerpt":"A Colombian Amazon ethnographic study placing Tukano use of Banisteriopsis caapi, or yajé, within a wider cultural system of mythology, ritual, symbolism, perception, and social knowledge.","citation":"Reichel-Dolmatoff, Gerardo. \"El contexto cultural de un alucinógeno aborigen: Banisteriopsis caapi.\" Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales 13, no. 51 (1969): 327-345. https://doi.org/10.18257/raccefyn.13(51).1969.3516.","rights_statement":"Open-access journal scan; review license terms before republication.","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"full_text","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/0d0ecc94-e4d5-5baf-b174-67112069445c/images/el-contexto-cultural-de-un-alucinogeno-aborigen-banisteriopsis-caapi/01-reichel-dolmatoff-1969-caapi-cover.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"fac0516e-6d07-5633-8c47-36852904f4e2","slug":"nimh-adverse-reactions-hallucinogenic-drugs-1969","title":"Adverse Reactions to Hallucinogenic Drugs: Proceedings of a Conference Held at the National Institute of Mental Health","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/nimh-adverse-reactions-hallucinogenic-drugs-1969","original_source_url":"https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED034696","source_kind":"single","display_date":"1969 (conference held September 29, 1967)","year":1969,"type":"Source","medium":"Text","era":"1950-1970","region":"United States","language":"English","people":["National Institute of Mental Health","Roger E. Meyer"],"creators":[{"name":"National Institute of Mental Health","role":"author"},{"name":"Roger E. Meyer","role":"editor"}],"tags":["LSD","Psilocybin"],"substances":["LSD","Psilocybin"],"summary":"Proceedings of an NIMH conference held September 29, 1967, on adverse reactions to hallucinogenic drugs, published 1969. Addressed LSD's alleged chromosomal and teratogenic effects and the government's challenge in communicating risks to the drug-using public without propaganda.","excerpt":"Proceedings of an NIMH conference held September 29, 1967, on adverse reactions to hallucinogenic drugs, published 1969. Addressed LSD's alleged chromosomal and teratogenic effects and the government's challenge in communicating risks to the drug-using public without propaganda.","citation":"Roger E. Meyer, ed., Adverse Reactions to Hallucinogenic Drugs: Proceedings of a Conference Held at the National Institute of Mental Health, Chevy Chase, Maryland, September 29, 1967 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, National Institute of Mental Health, 1969), Public Health Service Publication No. 1810.","rights_statement":"US Government work (U.S. Public Health Service / National Institute of Mental Health publication). Public domain.","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/fac0516e-6d07-5633-8c47-36852904f4e2/images/nimh-adverse-reactions-hallucinogenic-drugs-1969/cover.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"8476ce01-41ea-54f8-8c40-2a0ba194f8a4","slug":"leary-chicago-seven-testimony-1969","title":"Timothy Leary’s Testimony at the Chicago Seven Trial","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/leary-chicago-seven-testimony-1969","original_source_url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/leary1969","source_kind":"single","display_date":"December 19, 1969","year":1969,"type":"Testimony","medium":"Text","era":"1950-1970","region":"United States (Illinois)","language":"English","people":["Timothy Leary"],"creators":[{"name":"Timothy Leary","role":"author"}],"tags":["Counterculture","Law"],"substances":[],"summary":"Timothy Leary's testimony for the defense at the Chicago conspiracy trial in December 1969, questioned by William Kunstler and cross-examined by prosecutor Thomas Foran. Leary describes his career and his 1968 meetings with Abbie Hoffman and Jerry Rubin about the planned convention protests, and says the young people coming to Chicago feared violence from the police and National Guard.","excerpt":"Timothy Leary's testimony for the defense at the Chicago conspiracy trial in December 1969, questioned by William Kunstler and cross-examined by prosecutor Thomas Foran. Leary describes his career and his 1968 meetings with Abbie Hoffman and Jerry Rubin about the planned convention protests, and says the young peopl...","citation":"Testimony of Timothy Leary, December 19, 1969, United States v. Dellinger et al. (N.D. Ill.), via the University of Missouri–Kansas City School of Law Famous Trials site.","rights_statement":"Federal court transcript; public domain.","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/8476ce01-41ea-54f8-8c40-2a0ba194f8a4/images/leary1969/01-1920px-TimothyLeary-LectureTour-SUNYAB-1969.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"b315e80c-ca93-538f-8da8-9a067f135244","slug":"pic-bulletin-33","title":"PIC Bulletin 33","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/pic-bulletin-33","source_kind":"collection_item","parent_collection_id":"56e15ba7-37d8-5d2a-bf20-1325190ef58d","display_date":"1970","year":1970,"type":"Source","medium":"Text","era":"1970-2000","region":"United States","language":"English","people":["Lisa Bieberman"],"creators":[{"name":"Lisa Bieberman","role":"author"}],"tags":["Law","LSD"],"substances":["LSD"],"summary":"Lisa Bieberman's December 1970 bulletin explains the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act, signed on October 27, 1970, which placed LSD and other psychedelics in Schedule I. She criticizes its penalties, its \"continuing criminal enterprise\" and \"dangerous special drug offender\" provisions, and its no-knock searches, then argues against the claim that drug-induced religious experience is \"unnatural.\"","excerpt":"Lisa Bieberman's December 1970 bulletin explains the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act, signed on October 27, 1970, which placed LSD and other psychedelics in Schedule I. She criticizes its penalties, its \"continuing criminal enterprise\" and \"dangerous special drug offender\" provisions, and its no-...","citation":"Psychedelic Information Center. \"PIC Bulletin 33.\" 1970.","rights_statement":"Rights status pending review. Contact the archive before republication.","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"pdf","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/pic-bulletin-33/thumbnail/page-1.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"29e9fc11-09fd-53c5-af62-091f91562c26","slug":"pic-bulletin-32","title":"PIC Bulletin 32","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/pic-bulletin-32","source_kind":"collection_item","parent_collection_id":"56e15ba7-37d8-5d2a-bf20-1325190ef58d","display_date":"1970","year":1970,"type":"Source","medium":"Text","era":"1970-2000","region":"United States","language":"English","people":["Lisa Bieberman","Sidney Cohen","William McGlothlin"],"creators":[{"name":"Lisa Bieberman","role":"author"},{"name":"Sidney Cohen","role":"subject"},{"name":"William McGlothlin","role":"subject"}],"tags":["LSD","Counterculture"],"substances":["LSD"],"summary":"Lisa Bieberman's October 1970 bulletin reviews the two studies then available on whether heavy LSD use damages the brain: Sidney Cohen and Allen Edwards's 1968 neuropsychological tests of thirty users, and William McGlothlin's 1969 attempt to replicate them. Because their results disagree, she concludes there is no evidence of general brain damage. The issue also prints a social worker's letter about how taking LSD changed his work with drug-using teenagers.","excerpt":"Lisa Bieberman's October 1970 bulletin reviews the two studies then available on whether heavy LSD use damages the brain: Sidney Cohen and Allen Edwards's 1968 neuropsychological tests of thirty users, and William McGlothlin's 1969 attempt to replicate them. Because their results disagree, she concludes there is no ...","citation":"Psychedelic Information Center. \"PIC Bulletin 32.\" 1970.","rights_statement":"Rights status pending review. Contact the archive before republication.","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"pdf","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/pic-bulletin-32/thumbnail/page-1.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"181892b6-871e-5f13-9e83-2df41eed911e","slug":"kleps-boo-hoo-bible-guide-session-1971","title":"How to Guide a Session (from The Boo Hoo Bible)","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/kleps-boo-hoo-bible-guide-session-1971","original_source_url":"https://okneoac.org/bhb/how-to-guide-a-session","source_kind":"single","display_date":"1971","year":1971,"type":"Source","medium":"Text","era":"1970-2000","region":"United States","language":"English","people":["Art Kleps"],"creators":[{"name":"Art Kleps","role":"author"}],"tags":["LSD"],"substances":["LSD"],"summary":"Art Kleps's chapter on running an LSD session from The Boo Hoo Bible (1971), the Neo-American Church catechism and handbook. Hosted here is roughly the first half of the chapter: Kleps's advice on the session room, his distinction between 'Ivory' (spiritual) and 'Horny' (psychological) sessions, his view of what a guide needs to know, and his 'Good Answer / Bad Answer' examples for questions a subject might ask during a session.","excerpt":"Art Kleps's chapter on running an LSD session from The Boo Hoo Bible (1971), the Neo-American Church catechism and handbook. Hosted here is roughly the first half of the chapter: Kleps's advice on the session room, his distinction between 'Ivory' (spiritual) and 'Horny' (psychological) sessions, his view of what a g...","citation":"Art Kleps, \"How to Guide a Session,\" in The Boo Hoo Bible: The Neo-American Church Catechism (San Cristobal, N.M.: Toad Books, 1971), 147-152.","rights_statement":"In copyright, Art Kleps estate / Neo-American Church. Published 1971, within the 1964-1977 window for which the Copyright Renewal Act of 1992 made renewal automatic; it remains under copyright through the full term regardless of whether any renewal was ever filed. Freely republished in full on the church's own current website (okneoac.org). Excerpt of about 1,400 words -- roughly the first half of the chapter -- reproduced here for teaching and research under fair use; the full chapter remains available at the source link.","access_type":"external","hosting_status":"external_link","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/181892b6-871e-5f13-9e83-2df41eed911e/images/kleps-boo-hoo-bible-guide-session-1971/cover.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"f1204be7-1228-550e-8892-c72d08fd40fa","slug":"pic-bulletin-34","title":"PIC Bulletin 34","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/pic-bulletin-34","source_kind":"collection_item","parent_collection_id":"56e15ba7-37d8-5d2a-bf20-1325190ef58d","display_date":"1971","year":1971,"type":"Source","medium":"Text","era":"1970-2000","region":"United States","language":"English","people":["Timothy Leary","Aldous Huxley","Lisa Bieberman","Humphry Osmond"],"creators":[{"name":"Timothy Leary","role":"subject"},{"name":"Aldous Huxley","role":"subject"},{"name":"Lisa Bieberman","role":"author"},{"name":"Humphry Osmond","role":"contributor"}],"tags":["LSD","Counterculture"],"substances":["LSD"],"summary":"Lisa Bieberman's February 1971 bulletin responds to news that the Black Panthers in Algeria had put the escaped Timothy Leary under house arrest. It prints a memo from Humphry Osmond recalling how he and Aldous Huxley met Leary in 1960 and later came to distrust his missionary zeal, followed by Bieberman's own memories of Leary at Harvard and a critique of press claims that LSD had ruined his mind.","excerpt":"Lisa Bieberman's February 1971 bulletin responds to news that the Black Panthers in Algeria had put the escaped Timothy Leary under house arrest. It prints a memo from Humphry Osmond recalling how he and Aldous Huxley met Leary in 1960 and later came to distrust his missionary zeal, followed by Bieberman's own memor...","citation":"Psychedelic Information Center. \"PIC Bulletin 34.\" 1971.","rights_statement":"Rights status pending review. Contact the archive before republication.","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"pdf","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/pic-bulletin-34/thumbnail/page-1.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"dc72c41b-e1e8-5f31-99cb-9dc1e3986d67","slug":"the-narcotic-pepper-the-chemistry-and-pharmacology-of-piper-methysticum-and-related-species","title":"The Narcotic Pepper: The Chemistry and Pharmacology of Piper methysticum and Related Species","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/the-narcotic-pepper-the-chemistry-and-pharmacology-of-piper-methysticum-and-related-species","original_source_url":"https://isomerdesign.com/bitnest/external/Sasha/NarcoticPepper","source_kind":"single","display_date":"1973","year":1973,"type":"Academic Article","medium":"Text","era":"1970-2000","region":"Oceania; Polynesia; Melanesia; Micronesia","language":"English","people":["Alexander Shulgin"],"creators":[{"name":"Alexander Shulgin","role":"author"}],"tags":["Ethnobotany","Kava","Pharmacology"],"substances":[],"summary":"Alexander Shulgin's review of kava, Piper methysticum, covering Pacific preparation practices, pharmacological classification, and the chemistry of kavalactones and related Piper species.","excerpt":"Alexander Shulgin's review of kava, Piper methysticum, covering Pacific preparation practices, pharmacological classification, and the chemistry of kavalactones and related Piper species.","citation":"Shulgin, Alexander T. \"The Narcotic Pepper: The Chemistry and Pharmacology of Piper methysticum and Related Species.\" Bulletin on Narcotics 25, no. 2 (1973): 59-74.","rights_statement":"Historical article mirrored online; review rights status before republication.","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"full_text","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/dc72c41b-e1e8-5f31-99cb-9dc1e3986d67/images/the-narcotic-pepper-the-chemistry-and-pharmacology-of-piper-methysticum-and-related-species/01-shulgin-1973-narcotic-pepper-cover.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"a19d00ee-41d8-5764-9445-4c0677243a26","slug":"fbi-timothy-leary-escape-interview-1974","title":"FBI Interview of Timothy Leary on His 1970 Prison Escape and the Brotherhood of Eternal Love","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/fbi-timothy-leary-escape-interview-1974","original_source_url":"https://vault.fbi.gov/timothy-francis-leary/timothy-francis-leary-part-01-of-01/view","source_kind":"single","display_date":"17 July 1974 (interview); 12 August 1974 (transmittal airtel)","year":1974,"type":"Testimony","medium":"Text","era":"1970-2000","region":"United States","language":"English","people":["Timothy Leary","R. J. La Jeunesse Jr.","Federal Bureau of Investigation"],"creators":[{"name":"Timothy Leary","role":"author"},{"name":"R. J. La Jeunesse Jr.","role":"interviewer"},{"name":"Federal Bureau of Investigation","role":"author"}],"tags":["LSD"],"substances":["LSD"],"summary":"An FBI FD-302 interview (July 1974) in which recaptured Timothy Leary decodes the coded correspondence from his September 1970 prison escape. Leary identifies the Brotherhood of Eternal Love as the Laguna Beach LSD collective 'Group', Michael Randall as 'M', attorney Michael Kennedy, fellow inmate William Bellinger, and the Weathermen as 'Consultants' who staged the escape.","excerpt":"An FBI FD-302 interview (July 1974) in which recaptured Timothy Leary decodes the coded correspondence from his September 1970 prison escape. Leary identifies the Brotherhood of Eternal Love as the Laguna Beach LSD collective 'Group', Michael Randall as 'M', attorney Michael Kennedy, fellow inmate William Bellinger,...","citation":"Federal Bureau of Investigation, Los Angeles Field Office file no. 100-76342, \"Timothy Francis Leary, Jr., aka, et al.,\" FD-302 report of interview, July 17, 1974 (transcribed July 28, 1974), and airtel, SAC Los Angeles to SAC Chicago, August 12, 1974, in Timothy Leary FBI file (FOIA release), FBI Records: The Vault.","rights_statement":"US Government work (FBI investigative file released under the Freedom of Information Act). Public domain.","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/a19d00ee-41d8-5764-9445-4c0677243a26/images/fbi-timothy-leary-escape-interview-1974/cover.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"089978db-d526-5bc1-8382-6e9fe7102f49","slug":"virola-theiodora-como-alucinogena-e-toxica","title":"Virola theiodora como alucinógena e tóxica","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/virola-theiodora-como-alucinogena-e-toxica","original_source_url":"https://www.scielo.br/j/aa/a/dRsCSM9kLRyNHMkmdWhnXDQ/?format=pdf&lang=pt","source_kind":"single","display_date":"1974","year":1974,"type":"Academic Article","medium":"Text","era":"1970-2000","region":"Brazil; Roraima; Northwest Amazon","language":"Portuguese","people":["J. G. Soares Maia","William Antônio Rodrigues"],"creators":[{"name":"J. G. Soares Maia","role":"author"},{"name":"William Antônio Rodrigues","role":"author"}],"tags":["DMT","Ethnobotany","Chemistry"],"substances":["DMT"],"summary":"A short Brazilian natural-products chemistry article confirming the double use of Virola theiodora bark in Yomanê hallucinogenic snuff and arrow poison from the Tototobi River region of Roraima.","excerpt":"A short Brazilian natural-products chemistry article confirming the double use of Virola theiodora bark in Yomanê hallucinogenic snuff and arrow poison from the Tototobi River region of Roraima.","citation":"Maia, J. G. Soares, and William Antônio Rodrigues. \"Virola theiodora como alucinógena e tóxica.\" Acta Amazonica 4, no. 1 (1974): 21-23. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921974041021.","rights_statement":"Open access article mirrored by SciELO and INPA; SciELO page identifies reuse terms separately from INPA metadata. Review license before republication.","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"full_text","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/089978db-d526-5bc1-8382-6e9fe7102f49/images/virola-theiodora-como-alucinogena-e-toxica/01-maia-rodrigues-1974-virola-theiodora-cover.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"58121680-c8e1-5102-b958-9fb9f1de11cf","slug":"cia-rd-testing-behavioral-drugs-1975-memo","title":"CIA R&D and Testing of Behavioral Drugs","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/cia-rd-testing-behavioral-drugs-1975-memo","original_source_url":"https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/document/01434878","source_kind":"single","display_date":"5 February 1975","year":1975,"type":"Testimony","medium":"Text","era":"1970-2000","region":"United States","language":"English","people":["Donald F. Chamberlain"],"creators":[{"name":"Donald F. Chamberlain","role":"author"}],"tags":["MKULTRA","LSD","Psilocybin"],"substances":["LSD","Psilocybin"],"summary":"An Inspector General memorandum and attached summary paper on CIA behavioral-drug programs from BLUEBIRD (1949) through OFTEN/CHICKWIT (1967-1973). It includes the Agency's account of Frank Olson's death after being surreptitiously dosed with LSD at Deep Creek Lake in November 1953.","excerpt":"An Inspector General memorandum and attached summary paper on CIA behavioral-drug programs from BLUEBIRD (1949) through OFTEN/CHICKWIT (1967-1973). It includes the Agency's account of Frank Olson's death after being surreptitiously dosed with LSD at Deep Creek Lake in November 1953.","citation":"Donald F. Chamberlain, Inspector General, \"CIA R&D and Testing of Behavioral Drugs,\" memorandum for the Director of Central Intelligence, with attached summary paper, 5 February 1975, CIA CREST document C01434878.","rights_statement":"US Government work, public domain","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/58121680-c8e1-5102-b958-9fb9f1de11cf/images/cia-rd-testing-behavioral-drugs-1975-memo/cover.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"9bc5ab5f-5638-5f0a-b2b5-158b1c879aa3","slug":"rockefeller-commission-cia-drug-experiments","title":"Report to the President by the Commission on CIA Activities within the United States","subtitle":"Rockefeller Commission findings on CIA drug testing and domestic activities","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/rockefeller-commission-cia-drug-experiments","original_source_url":"https://archive.org/details/reporttopresiden01unit","source_kind":"single","display_date":"June 1975","year":1975,"type":"Source","medium":"Text","era":"1970-2000","region":"United States; Washington, D.C.","language":"English","people":["Nelson A. Rockefeller"],"creators":[{"name":"Nelson A. Rockefeller","role":"commission chair"}],"tags":["Clinical","Intelligence","Law","Government Research","MKULTRA","LSD"],"substances":["LSD"],"summary":"The Rockefeller Commission's 1975 report was the first major presidential inquiry to put CIA drug experiments, including LSD-related episodes and the death of Frank Olson, into an official public account. It became a bridge between the commission investigation, the Church Committee, and the later Senate MKULTRA hearing.","excerpt":"The Rockefeller Commission's 1975 report was the first major presidential inquiry to put CIA drug experiments, including LSD-related episodes and the death of Frank Olson, into an official public account. It became a bridge between the commission investigation, the Church Committee, and the later Senate MKULTRA hear...","citation":"United States President's Commission on CIA Activities within the United States. Report to the President by the Commission on CIA Activities within the United States. Washington, D.C., June 1975.","rights_statement":"Public domain as a work of the United States federal government under 17 U.S.C. 105. The archive hosts OCR text and thumbnails; full PDFs are linked through external repositories.","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/9bc5ab5f-5638-5f0a-b2b5-158b1c879aa3/pdf-thumbnails/rockefeller-commission-cia-drug-experiments/page-001.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"0b692135-335c-595c-ad34-e53bff509b95","slug":"cia-gottlieb-ssci-testimony-1975","title":"Testimony of Sidney Gottlieb before the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence Activities","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/cia-gottlieb-ssci-testimony-1975","original_source_url":"https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/document/00095085","source_kind":"single","display_date":"15 October 1975","year":1975,"type":"Testimony","medium":"Text","era":"1970-2000","region":"United States","language":"English","people":["Sidney Gottlieb","United States Senate Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities"],"creators":[{"name":"Sidney Gottlieb","role":"author"},{"name":"United States Senate Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities","role":"editor"}],"tags":["MKULTRA","LSD"],"substances":["LSD"],"summary":"Staff testimony by CIA chemist Sidney Gottlieb before the Church Committee on MKULTRA. Gottlieb discusses LSD training for intelligence officers and contract research, and confirms TSS had no informed-consent policy for contracted experiments.","excerpt":"Staff testimony by CIA chemist Sidney Gottlieb before the Church Committee on MKULTRA. Gottlieb discusses LSD training for intelligence officers and contract research, and confirms TSS had no informed-consent policy for contracted experiments.","citation":"Sidney Gottlieb, testimony before the Senate Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities, 15 October 1975, CIA CREST document C00095085.","rights_statement":"US Government work, public domain","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/0b692135-335c-595c-ad34-e53bff509b95/images/cia-gottlieb-ssci-testimony-1975/cover.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"06f67617-17c0-5c0f-b1b7-47bf662a7fba","slug":"church-committee-foreign-military-intelligence-book-one","title":"Foreign and Military Intelligence: Church Committee Final Report, Book I","subtitle":"Full Senate report including the chapter on chemical and biological agents","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/church-committee-foreign-military-intelligence-book-one","original_source_url":"https://archive.org/details/finalreportofsel01unit","source_kind":"single","display_date":"1976","year":1976,"type":"Source","medium":"Text","era":"1970-2000","region":"United States; Washington, D.C.","language":"English","people":["Frank Church"],"creators":[{"name":"Frank Church","role":"chair"}],"tags":["Clinical","Intelligence","Law","Government Research","MKULTRA","LSD"],"substances":["LSD"],"summary":"Book I of the Church Committee final report, Foreign and Military Intelligence, includes the committee's findings on CIA testing and use of chemical and biological agents. The full volume places MKULTRA and LSD-related experimentation within broader findings on covert action, intelligence oversight, and congressional accountability.","excerpt":"Book I of the Church Committee final report, Foreign and Military Intelligence, includes the committee's findings on CIA testing and use of chemical and biological agents. The full volume places MKULTRA and LSD-related experimentation within broader findings on covert action, intelligence oversight, and congressiona...","citation":"United States Senate Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities. Final Report of the Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities, United States Senate, Book I: Foreign and Military Intelligence. 94th Cong., 2d sess., S. Rept. 94-755. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1976.","rights_statement":"Public domain as a work of the United States federal government under 17 U.S.C. 105. The archive hosts OCR text and thumbnails; full PDFs are linked through external repositories.","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/06f67617-17c0-5c0f-b1b7-47bf662a7fba/pdf-thumbnails/church-committee-foreign-military-intelligence-book-one/page-001.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"d977e284-1723-597f-894e-123e4a17433a","slug":"army-ig-report-lsd-volunteers-1976","title":"Use of Volunteers in Chemical Agent Research","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/army-ig-report-lsd-volunteers-1976","original_source_url":"https://archive.org/details/army-igchem","source_kind":"single","display_date":"March 1976","year":1976,"type":"Testimony","medium":"Text","era":"1970-2000","region":"United States","language":"English","people":["James R. Taylor","United States Army Office of the Inspector General and Auditor General","William N. Johnson"],"creators":[{"name":"James R. Taylor","role":"author"},{"name":"United States Army Office of the Inspector General and Auditor General","role":"editor"},{"name":"William N. Johnson","role":"author"}],"tags":["LSD"],"substances":["LSD"],"summary":"An Army Inspector General review of volunteer drug testing at Edgewood Arsenal and in Intelligence Corps LSD trials (1958-1960). It finds that volunteers in the Intelligence Corps LSD program did not receive informed consent before their first dose.","excerpt":"An Army Inspector General review of volunteer drug testing at Edgewood Arsenal and in Intelligence Corps LSD trials (1958-1960). It finds that volunteers in the Intelligence Corps LSD program did not receive informed consent before their first dose.","citation":"James R. Taylor and William N. Johnson, Use of Volunteers in Chemical Agent Research, DAIG-IN 21-75, U.S. Army Office of the Inspector General and Auditor General, March 1976.","rights_statement":"US Government work, public domain","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/d977e284-1723-597f-894e-123e4a17433a/images/army-ig-report-lsd-volunteers-1976/cover.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"2125e5f8-b03b-5c76-bc69-549e3b9645a5","slug":"project-mkultra-behavioral-modification-hearing","title":"Project MKULTRA, the CIA's Program of Research in Behavioral Modification","subtitle":"1977 Senate joint hearing on LSD, behavioral research, and CIA records","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/project-mkultra-behavioral-modification-hearing","original_source_url":"https://archive.org/details/cia-readingroom-document-00163357","source_kind":"single","display_date":"August 3, 1977","year":1977,"type":"Testimony","medium":"Text","era":"1970-2000","region":"United States; Washington, D.C.","language":"English","people":["Daniel K. Inouye","Edward M. Kennedy"],"creators":[{"name":"Daniel K. Inouye","role":"chair"},{"name":"Edward M. Kennedy","role":"chair"}],"tags":["Clinical","Intelligence","Government Research","MKULTRA","LSD"],"substances":["LSD"],"summary":"A joint Senate hearing on Project MKULTRA after CIA director Stansfield Turner informed Congress that financial records had surfaced for previously destroyed behavioral-research files. The hearing and appendices document LSD-related projects, agency recordkeeping, and congressional oversight of CIA human-subjects research.","excerpt":"A joint Senate hearing on Project MKULTRA after CIA director Stansfield Turner informed Congress that financial records had surfaced for previously destroyed behavioral-research files. The hearing and appendices document LSD-related projects, agency recordkeeping, and congressional oversight of CIA human-subjects re...","citation":"United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence and Subcommittee on Health and Scientific Research of the Committee on Human Resources. Project MKULTRA, the CIA's Program of Research in Behavioral Modification: Joint Hearing, Ninety-Fifth Congress, First Session, August 3, 1977. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1977.","rights_statement":"Public domain as a work of the United States federal government under 17 U.S.C. 105. The archive hosts OCR text and thumbnails; full PDFs are linked through external repositories.","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/2125e5f8-b03b-5c76-bc69-549e3b9645a5/pdf-thumbnails/project-mkultra-behavioral-modification-hearing/page-001.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"b209c976-71e8-526e-8279-02e5e3d1b958","slug":"dea-mdma-emergency-scheduling-1985","title":"Schedules of Controlled Substances; Temporary Placement of 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) Into Schedule I","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/dea-mdma-emergency-scheduling-1985","original_source_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-1985-05-31/pdf/FR-1985-05-31.pdf","source_kind":"single","display_date":"May 31, 1985 (effective July 1, 1985)","year":1985,"type":"Source","medium":"Text","era":"1970-2000","region":"United States","language":"English","people":["John C. Lawn"],"creators":[{"name":"John C. Lawn","role":"author"}],"tags":[],"substances":["MDMA"],"summary":"The Drug Enforcement Administration's order placing MDMA in Schedule I on an emergency basis from July 1, 1985, using powers Congress had given it the year before for so-called designer drugs. The notice cites rising recreational use, promotional parties, and a new rat study showing that the related drug MDA destroyed serotonin nerve terminals. It was issued while Judge Francis L. Young's hearings on permanent scheduling were still under way. Full text of the notice.","excerpt":"The Drug Enforcement Administration's order placing MDMA in Schedule I on an emergency basis from July 1, 1985, using powers Congress had given it the year before for so-called designer drugs. The notice cites rising recreational use, promotional parties, and a new rat study showing that the related drug MDA destroy...","citation":"Drug Enforcement Administration, \"Schedules of Controlled Substances; Temporary Placement of 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) Into Schedule I,\" Federal Register 50, no. 105 (May 31, 1985): 23118–23120, FR Doc. 85-13171.","rights_statement":"US Government work, public domain","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/b209c976-71e8-526e-8279-02e5e3d1b958/images/dea-mdma-emergency-scheduling-1985/cover.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"091cd099-84bd-594f-adbf-d98c0a1e3686","slug":"mdma-scheduling-young-opinion-1986","title":"Opinion and Recommended Ruling, Findings of Fact, Conclusions of Law, and Decision of Administrative Law Judge (MDMA Scheduling)","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/mdma-scheduling-young-opinion-1986","original_source_url":"https://maps.org/research-archive/dea-mdma/index.html","source_kind":"single","display_date":"May 22, 1986","year":1986,"type":"Source","medium":"Text","era":"1970-2000","region":"United States","language":"English","people":["Francis L. Young"],"creators":[{"name":"Francis L. Young","role":"author"}],"tags":[],"substances":["MDMA"],"summary":"After seventeen days of hearings, Administrative Law Judge Francis L. Young recommends placing MDMA in Schedule III rather than Schedule I. He finds currently accepted medical use and accepted safety for medical supervision based on psychiatrists' testimony, animal lethality studies, and clinical experience with supervised psychotherapy.","excerpt":"After seventeen days of hearings, Administrative Law Judge Francis L. Young recommends placing MDMA in Schedule III rather than Schedule I. He finds currently accepted medical use and accepted safety for medical supervision based on psychiatrists' testimony, animal lethality studies, and clinical experience with sup...","citation":"In the Matter of MDMA Scheduling, Docket No. 84-48, Opinion and Recommended Ruling, Findings of Fact, Conclusions of Law, and Decision of Administrative Law Judge (Francis L. Young) (Drug Enforcement Administration, May 22, 1986).","rights_statement":"Public domain (U.S. Government work; federal administrative agency record)","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/091cd099-84bd-594f-adbf-d98c0a1e3686/images/mdma-scheduling-young-opinion-1986/cover.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"1aef4812-47cc-5480-a029-33e2349e440c","slug":"grinspoon-v-dea-1987","title":"Grinspoon v. Drug Enforcement Administration","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/grinspoon-v-dea-1987","original_source_url":"https://static.case.law/f2d/828/cases/0881-01.json","source_kind":"single","display_date":"September 18, 1987","year":1987,"type":"Source","medium":"Text","era":"1970-2000","region":"United States","language":"English","people":["Frank M. Coffin"],"creators":[{"name":"Frank M. Coffin","role":"author"}],"tags":["Prohibition"],"substances":["MDMA"],"summary":"The First Circuit vacates the DEA's rule placing MDMA in Schedule I, holding the Administrator's interpretation of 'accepted medical use' was contrary to Congress's intent. Dr. Grinspoon, a Harvard psychiatrist seeking to research MDMA therapeutically, brought the appeal after the Administrator overruled the ALJ's Schedule III recommendation.","excerpt":"The First Circuit vacates the DEA's rule placing MDMA in Schedule I, holding the Administrator's interpretation of 'accepted medical use' was contrary to Congress's intent. Dr. Grinspoon, a Harvard psychiatrist seeking to research MDMA therapeutically, brought the appeal after the Administrator overruled the ALJ's S...","citation":"Grinspoon v. Drug Enforcement Administration, 828 F.2d 881 (1st Cir. 1987).","rights_statement":"Public domain (U.S. judicial opinion; edicts-of-government doctrine)","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/1aef4812-47cc-5480-a029-33e2349e440c/images/grinspoon-v-dea-1987/cover.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"59d03f69-6ee7-5cfc-9f98-00520ff1310a","slug":"employment-division-v-smith-1990","title":"Employment Division, Department of Human Resources of Oregon v. Smith","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/employment-division-v-smith-1990","original_source_url":"https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/112404/employment-div-dept-of-human-resources-of-ore-v-smith/","source_kind":"single","display_date":"April 17, 1990","year":1990,"type":"Source","medium":"Text","era":"1970-2000","region":"United States (Oregon)","language":"English","people":["Antonin Scalia","Harry Blackmun"],"creators":[{"name":"Antonin Scalia","role":"author"},{"name":"Harry Blackmun","role":"author"}],"tags":[],"substances":["Mescaline","Peyote"],"summary":"The Supreme Court holds that Oregon may deny unemployment benefits to two Native American Church members dismissed for sacramental peyote use, since a neutral criminal drug law requires no religious exemption. Blackmun dissents.","excerpt":"The Supreme Court holds that Oregon may deny unemployment benefits to two Native American Church members dismissed for sacramental peyote use, since a neutral criminal drug law requires no religious exemption. Blackmun dissents.","citation":"Employment Division, Department of Human Resources of Oregon v. Smith, 494 U.S. 872 (1990).","rights_statement":"Public domain (U.S. judicial opinion; edicts-of-government doctrine)","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/59d03f69-6ee7-5cfc-9f98-00520ff1310a/images/employment-division-v-smith-1990/cover.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"d250daf5-d8ca-5cf8-839f-eeb655e86d44","slug":"airfa-amendments-1994-public-law-103-344","title":"American Indian Religious Freedom Act Amendments of 1994 (Public Law 103-344)","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/airfa-amendments-1994-public-law-103-344","original_source_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-108/pdf/STATUTE-108-Pg3125.pdf","source_kind":"single","display_date":"Approved October 6, 1994","year":1994,"type":"Source","medium":"Text","era":"1970-2000","region":"United States","language":"English","people":["103rd United States Congress"],"creators":[{"name":"103rd United States Congress","role":"author"}],"tags":[],"substances":["Mescaline","Peyote"],"summary":"Congress restored a nationwide exemption for the ceremonial use of peyote by Indians in connection with traditional religions. The statute carves out exceptions for prison, military, and safety-sensitive positions.","excerpt":"Congress restored a nationwide exemption for the ceremonial use of peyote by Indians in connection with traditional religions. The statute carves out exceptions for prison, military, and safety-sensitive positions.","citation":"American Indian Religious Freedom Act Amendments of 1994, Pub. L. No. 103-344, 108 Stat. 3125 (1994).","rights_statement":"US Government work, public domain","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/d250daf5-d8ca-5cf8-839f-eeb655e86d44/images/airfa-amendments-1994-public-law-103-344/cover.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"ae3aa35c-8192-59c9-aa75-7ed7b3db3c8d","slug":"nida-monograph-146-hallucinogens-update-1994","title":"Hallucinogens: An Update (NIDA Research Monograph 146)","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/nida-monograph-146-hallucinogens-update-1994","original_source_url":"https://archive.org/details/bweiner_hazeldenbettyford_146","source_kind":"single","display_date":"1994","year":1994,"type":"Academic Article","medium":"Text","era":"1970-2000","region":"United States","language":"English","people":["Rick J. Strassman","Geraline C. Lin","Richard A. Glennon"],"creators":[{"name":"Rick J. Strassman","role":"author"},{"name":"Geraline C. Lin","role":"editor"},{"name":"Richard A. Glennon","role":"editor"}],"tags":["Clinical","LSD","Psilocybin","DMT"],"substances":["LSD","Mescaline","Psilocybin","DMT"],"summary":"Proceedings of a 1992 NIDA technical review on hallucinogen research, prompted by rising LSD use among teenagers. Includes Rick Strassman's account of the regulatory process (IRB, DEA, FDA) for his DMT study, the first human hallucinogen study approved since the early 1970s.","excerpt":"Proceedings of a 1992 NIDA technical review on hallucinogen research, prompted by rising LSD use among teenagers. Includes Rick Strassman's account of the regulatory process (IRB, DEA, FDA) for his DMT study, the first human hallucinogen study approved since the early 1970s.","citation":"Geraline C. Lin and Richard A. Glennon, eds., Hallucinogens: An Update, NIDA Research Monograph 146 (Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse, 1994), including Rick J. Strassman, \"Human Hallucinogenic Drug Research: Regulatory, Clinical, and Scientific Issues.\"","rights_statement":"US Government work, public domain (per the monograph's own copyright notice, excepting quoted material from copyrighted sources, none of which is included in this excerpt)","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/ae3aa35c-8192-59c9-aa75-7ed7b3db3c8d/images/nida-monograph-146-hallucinogens-update-1994/cover.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"a7aafb92-a320-50b3-b955-7ccad41cb931","slug":"gonzales-v-o-centro-2006","title":"Gonzales v. O Centro Espirita Beneficente Uniao do Vegetal","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/gonzales-v-o-centro-2006","original_source_url":"https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/145473/gonzales-v-o-centro-espirita-beneficente-uniao-do-vegetal/","source_kind":"single","display_date":"February 21, 2006","year":2006,"type":"Source","medium":"Text","era":"2000-Present","region":"United States (New Mexico)","language":"English","people":["John G. Roberts"],"creators":[{"name":"John G. Roberts","role":"author"}],"tags":["DMT","Ayahuasca"],"substances":["Ayahuasca","DMT"],"summary":"Chief Justice Roberts holds the federal government failed to show a compelling interest justifying its ban on the Uniao do Vegetal church's sacramental use of hoasca (ayahuasca tea with DMT) under the Religious Freedom Restoration Act. The Court rejects the UN Convention argument and upholds the peyote precedent for religious exemptions to the Controlled Substances Act.","excerpt":"Chief Justice Roberts holds the federal government failed to show a compelling interest justifying its ban on the Uniao do Vegetal church's sacramental use of hoasca (ayahuasca tea with DMT) under the Religious Freedom Restoration Act. The Court rejects the UN Convention argument and upholds the peyote precedent for...","citation":"Gonzales v. O Centro Espirita Beneficente Uniao do Vegetal, 546 U.S. 418 (2006).","rights_statement":"Public domain (U.S. judicial opinion; edicts-of-government doctrine)","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/a7aafb92-a320-50b3-b955-7ccad41cb931/images/gonzales-v-o-centro-2006/cover.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"99bf360e-c980-5f37-b63a-c24411a70a4d","slug":"church-of-the-holy-light-of-the-queen-v-mukasey-2009","title":"Church of the Holy Light of the Queen v. Mukasey","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/church-of-the-holy-light-of-the-queen-v-mukasey-2009","original_source_url":"https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/2482682/church-of-the-holy-light-of-the-queen-v-mukasey/","source_kind":"single","display_date":"March 18, 2009","year":2009,"type":"Source","medium":"Text","era":"2000-Present","region":"United States (Oregon)","language":"English","people":["Owen M. Panner"],"creators":[{"name":"Owen M. Panner","role":"author"}],"tags":["Pharmacology","DMT","Ayahuasca"],"substances":["Ayahuasca","DMT"],"summary":"A federal court ruling applying Gonzales v. O Centro to the Santo Daime church in Oregon, granting the right to import and drink ayahuasca under RFRA. Judge Panner's findings describe the religion's origins, ritual, physiological effects, and the government's health and diversion evidence.","excerpt":"A federal court ruling applying Gonzales v. O Centro to the Santo Daime church in Oregon, granting the right to import and drink ayahuasca under RFRA. Judge Panner's findings describe the religion's origins, ritual, physiological effects, and the government's health and diversion evidence.","citation":"Church of the Holy Light of the Queen v. Mukasey, 615 F. Supp. 2d 1210 (D. Or. 2009).","rights_statement":"Public domain (U.S. judicial opinion; edicts-of-government doctrine)","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/99bf360e-c980-5f37-b63a-c24411a70a4d/images/church-of-the-holy-light-of-the-queen-v-mukasey-2009/cover.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"0aa0f288-97a2-57f6-be49-0fe970061582","slug":"oregon-measure-109-psilocybin-services-act-2020","title":"Oregon Psilocybin Services Act (Ballot Measure 109)","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/oregon-measure-109-psilocybin-services-act-2020","original_source_url":"https://www.oregonlegislature.gov/bills_laws/ors/ors475a.html","source_kind":"single","display_date":"Approved by voters November 3, 2020; codified as Oregon Laws 2021, chapter 1","year":2020,"type":"Source","medium":"Text","era":"2000-Present","region":"United States (Oregon)","language":"English","people":["Sheri Eckert","Thomas Eckert"],"creators":[{"name":"Sheri Eckert","role":"author"},{"name":"Thomas Eckert","role":"author"}],"tags":["Psilocybin"],"substances":["Psilocybin"],"summary":"Oregon's 2020 ballot measure created the first US state-licensed psilocybin services program. The findings cite FDA's breakthrough-therapy designation for depression, and the statute establishes licensed service centers and facilitators rather than unsupervised legalization.","excerpt":"Oregon's 2020 ballot measure created the first US state-licensed psilocybin services program. The findings cite FDA's breakthrough-therapy designation for depression, and the statute establishes licensed service centers and facilitators rather than unsupervised legalization.","citation":"Oregon Ballot Measure 109 (2020), Oregon Psilocybin Services Act, codified at Or. Rev. Stat. §§ 475A.200-475A.722 (Oregon Laws 2021, chapter 1).","rights_statement":"US state government work, public domain","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/0aa0f288-97a2-57f6-be49-0fe970061582/images/oregon-measure-109-psilocybin-services-act-2020/cover.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"78587ad5-4ace-5074-904a-e5006b475335","slug":"fda-advisory-committee-mdma-2024","title":"Psychopharmacologic Drugs Advisory Committee Meeting on Midomafetamine (MDMA) for PTSD: Discussion and Votes","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/fda-advisory-committee-mdma-2024","original_source_url":"https://www.fda.gov/media/180703/download","source_kind":"single","display_date":"June 4, 2024","year":2024,"type":"Testimony","medium":"Text","era":"2000-Present","region":"United States","language":"English","people":["Rajesh Narendran"],"creators":[{"name":"Rajesh Narendran","role":"author"}],"tags":["PTSD","Therapy"],"substances":["MDMA"],"summary":"The transcript of the FDA advisory committee that reviewed Lykos Therapeutics' application for MDMA-assisted therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder. Hosted here are the chair's opening of the committee questions and the two votes: 2 to 9 against finding the drug effective, and 1 to 10 against finding that its benefits outweighed its risks, with each member's stated reasons. Members cited functional unblinding, expectation bias, the many trial participants who had used MDMA before, and reports of misconduct. The FDA declined to approve the application in August 2024.","excerpt":"The transcript of the FDA advisory committee that reviewed Lykos Therapeutics' application for MDMA-assisted therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder. Hosted here are the chair's opening of the committee questions and the two votes: 2 to 9 against finding the drug effective, and 1 to 10 against finding that its be...","citation":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Psychopharmacologic Drugs Advisory Committee Meeting, June 4, 2024, transcript (A Matter of Record), pp. 340–343, 412–425.","rights_statement":"US Government work, public domain","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/78587ad5-4ace-5074-904a-e5006b475335/images/fda-advisory-committee-mdma-2024/cover.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}},{"id":"7cff9aa0-6d7e-5fd2-afd8-0bfdd1b5db3d","slug":"fda-guidance-psychedelic-drugs-clinical-investigations-2026","title":"Psychedelic Drugs: Considerations for Clinical Investigations (Guidance for Industry)","url":"https://www.psychedelicarchive.com/archive/fda-guidance-psychedelic-drugs-clinical-investigations-2026","original_source_url":"https://www.fda.gov/media/169694/download","source_kind":"single","display_date":"July 2026 (finalizing a June 2023 draft)","year":2026,"type":"Source","medium":"Text","era":"2000-Present","region":"United States","language":"English","people":["FDA Division of Psychiatry, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research"],"creators":[{"name":"FDA Division of Psychiatry, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research","role":"author"}],"tags":["LSD","Psilocybin"],"substances":["LSD","Psilocybin","MDMA"],"summary":"FDA guidance (July 2026) for sponsors developing psychedelics—5-HT2A agonists including psilocybin and LSD, plus MDMA—as approved medicines. It addresses the regulatory pathway for Schedule I drugs in clinical trials and identifies methodological challenges: perceptual effects complicate blinding ('functional unblinding'), and the independent contribution of psychotherapy paired with dosing remains uncharacterized.","excerpt":"FDA guidance (July 2026) for sponsors developing psychedelics—5-HT2A agonists including psilocybin and LSD, plus MDMA—as approved medicines. It addresses the regulatory pathway for Schedule I drugs in clinical trials and identifies methodological challenges: perceptual effects complicate blinding ('functional unblin...","citation":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Psychedelic Drugs: Considerations for Clinical Investigations, Guidance for Industry (July 2026).","rights_statement":"US Government work, public domain","access_type":"hosted","hosting_status":"transcript_only","word_count":0,"image_url":"https://yqcvybdabpnxyapnrjlp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/archive-assets/documents/7cff9aa0-6d7e-5fd2-afd8-0bfdd1b5db3d/images/fda-guidance-psychedelic-drugs-clinical-investigations-2026/cover.jpg","text":{"transcript_available":false,"translation_available":false,"section_headings":[],"page_count":0,"file_count":0}}]}