1800-1950 / Ethnobotany
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Niopo among the Otomac in Humboldt and Bonpland's Personal Narrative
Orinoco snuff, Acacia niopo, and curupa in an 1821 travel narrative
1821
Source
Helen Maria Williams
Indigenous Knowledge, Ethnobotany
Paricá among the Mura in Spix and Martius's Reise in Brasilien
A German travel account of Amazonian snuff, ceremony, and intoxication
1831
Source
Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius
Indigenous Knowledge, Ethnobotany
Ayahuasca in Villavicencio's Geografía de la República del Ecuador
An 1858 Ecuadorian account of ayahuasca visions and divination
1858
Source
Manuel Villavicencio
Indigenous Knowledge, Ethnobotany
Le Gabon
1865
Source
Marie-Théophile Griffon du Bellay
Ethnobotany
Caapi and Niopo in “On Some Remarkable Narcotics of the Amazon Valley and Orinoco”
Richard Spruce on ayahuasca, yopo/paricá, and Amazonian medicine-men
c. 1870; published 1908
Source
Richard Spruce
Indigenous Knowledge, Ethnobotany
Teonanacatl
The Narcotic Mushroom of the Aztecs
July-September 1940
Academic Article
Richard Evans Schultes
Ethnobotany, Psilocybin