Project MKULTRA, the CIA's Program of Research in Behavioral Modification

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PROJECT MKULTRA, TIIE CIAS PROGRAM OF RESEARCH IN BEHAVIORAL MODIFICATION

JOINT HEARING BEFORE THE """ SELECT COMMITTEE ON II\TELLIGE\ICE AND THE SUBCOMMITTEE O\ HEALTH AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH COMIIITTFE ON HUMAN RESOURCES U\ITED STATES SE\ATE I\I\ FTY-FIFTH (‘O\(‘RESS FIRST SE$SIO\

AUGFST 3. 19

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Pr med for the uw of II e elm‘! (‘ommittm nn Intelligence In dC mmmn m Human R ~4 U S GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 96-NF WA§}'IINGTON : 1977

I I I 1| | I I I TI I G \\ II I 4 I. \ HI 1 ,7,-

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CONTENTS Stntcim~nt.= of: Admiral Stnnsfield Turner. Director. Central Intelligence Azcncy: ac- companied by: Frank Lauhingi-r, (Iffir-v of Ti-chnical Service-. Cen- tral lntellizencc .-\(:mic\': Al Br-4-¢l\'. (>tli¢-¢- of ]Il.<[i(*l'|flI‘ Hv»m-rnl (‘emrul lmellipence A;:encv; I-Jrm~~'1 Mn)-crfic-ld. (mice of General ('nun.~1>l. Ccrurnl Intelligence Agcm-\-. and (icorgv Cary. Le::i.<lali\"c ('-nm.-cl, (‘cmrnl Illl\‘“i;Il'lll'I' Am-1u~\' . - $4

Philip (;<-ldmzm. formcr cumln\'e<*. Cenlrznl ]I'H9"lfl(‘llf‘(' Agzem-\"____- 50 Jolm Iiitrimn-r. fnruwr €‘lll}I]U\'t'(*. (‘emml ]ii|elli|.-em-v Agi-in-v ____ - 51 .\1\|»mi(lix A.-—X\'Il. Testiiig and l'.=e- of (‘lmmii-:1] and Billl4Igi('nl .\;!cnl.~‘ by tlw Intelligence (‘mnmuni1\" _________________________________ - 65 Appcmlix l<l.—Imcunienl.~" Referring! tn [Disc-"wry of Additional .\lKI'l.TRA .\lnu~ri:il ____________________________________________________ 103 .~\]1|»(»'l'ldiX (‘.—Docnmcnts Referring to Subp1'Oj0(‘lS _________________ 109 Mmcrial Snlmiined for the Record: .

A.=se.=sments ____________________________________ P§\'l‘ll4>lfli'!i(‘l"l1 17 "Truth" lvru2~= in lim=rrn;::nim1,_______ ______________ 2.1 (‘mi.<lru<-tinn of Gnrmun .-\nnex____________ _______________ 350 §l)lr]>l'l'*j<‘('f Yr} _____________ ____________________.,_________ 41 Imu: 'l'<--‘rim: in Fnro—i1:u ('4-umriPs______,_________-_____ 43 MKf~'E.\R(‘ll. (ll-‘TE.\',-'f‘lil(‘K\\'IT _______ - _____________ 1 63 Tc-rminatml B9\‘illI$9 nf Their I’Ill'ti('ipflHfl!l in 1\ll-{FLTBA Hl1l[»l<-\‘H=‘.~‘ S1zl~;»rnim-I 3 _______________________________________________ 170 QKIIILLTOP Definition ______________________________________ 171 (III)

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PROJEFT MKYLTRA. THE ('~lA'S PROGRAM OF RESEARFH IN BEH.-\\'l0R.-\L M0l)lFl(‘ATl0.\'

.1 WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 3, 1977 1 .5‘. .\‘i;.\' \1'i:.

Fi:1.i:<"r (‘t\.\i.\n'i-11:1: ox ].\"l‘}.l.|,It;}1.\‘l‘}Z. .\.\'n .\'t'|uo.\ts1i‘i'i‘r:t-: ox lh~:.u.'r|i .-\.\"i».\‘<'|i:\'1'iHt' Rr.sr;.\m-It or rm:(‘o1tsti"|-n;+:ox llt'.\|.\.\" lh;~"ot‘m1:s. <

Wa.s/lington, D.C'. The ('OIlllIllli(‘(‘.~ met. pur.~nant to notice. at SHUT a.in. in room 1202. ])iI'l{>\‘h .\‘e1mte (Hlit-e lhiiltliiig. .\'enator Daniel K. lnouye (chairman of the Select (‘ommittee on ]ntt~lli;;en<-e) ])'.“4\i‘!S}}g' Present: S£‘Y1t'tlO!‘\" Inouye (presiding), Kennedy, Goldwater, Bayh. Hathawav. I-Iuddleston, Hart, Sc-hweikcr, Case, Garn, Chafee, Lugar and Wallop. Also present: William G. Miller. stat!’ director. Select Committee on Ititt-lli;'t-iiee: Ilia l.tl\\‘I't')||*§- lloimt-it/.. stati llli'l'\‘l|)l'- .\'11ln-oimnittee mi Health and .\‘<-ieiititie “t'.~t';lI'<‘ll1 amt ]n'ofe.~:~ional stati" nienihers of both (utHl11lth‘\‘.. Senator I.\'0\'Yl~1. The Senate Select (‘ommittee on Intelligence is meeting today and is joined by the Subcommittee on Health and Scientific Re,~earch (‘lliliX‘t‘ti by .\‘enator Iitlwartl Kennedy of Mas- sachnsetts and Senator Richard Schweiker of Pennsvl\'ania. Senator ll=\tlia\\-av and Senator (‘hafee are meml»er.< of hoth committees. “'0 are to hear te.<timon\" from the liiret-tor of (‘entral Intelligence. Adm. Staiisfit-id Turner. and from other .\;:enc\" witne.<.-e.~" on l.~‘Sll(‘.~' concern- ing new documents supplied to the committee in the last week on drug testing conducted by the (‘entral Intelligence A,<rcnc\'. It should be made clear from the outset that in general, we are focu:-"ingz on events that liappenetl over 12 or ns long as 25 years ago. It. should be emphasized that the programs that are of greatest con- cern have stopped and that we are reviewing these past events in order to better tmderstnnd what statutes and other guidelines might be the recurrence of such abuses in the future. neees.=ar_\' to prevent We also need to know and understand what is now being done by the (‘IA in the field of behavioral research to be certain that no current abuses are occurring. I want to commend Admiral Turner for his full cooperation with this committee and with the Fnheomniittee on Health in recognizing that this issue needed our attention. The (‘IA has assisted our com- mittees and staffs in their investigative efiorts and in arriving at remedies which will serve the best interests of our country. (1)

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Qther ('X]t(‘l'itnt‘nt.~ were equally otl'en.~"i\"e. For example. heroin mltliet> were entieetl ltttu |mt'tl<'i]iatit\;! in LS1! experiments in order to get a rewiml--lieroin. Perlmt»:~ most di.~"tm-hing of all Wits the fat-t that the extent of EX- perimentation on human :<uh1eet.- wa~ unknown. The records of all these gtetivitit-< were (lt'~tt't|\‘t'tl in .latm:n"\' 1973. at the instruction of then (‘IA llireetor Rieltzml llt-lm.~". In .~‘]|ite of persietent int|ttirie.< by both the Ilealth Snheominittee and the Intelligenee Foiiiniittee. no additional reeonh or information were forthc-oniin;'. And no one-— lto SlR;Ilt' in<li\'i<lnal-<~nultl he found who rememhered the details. not the Di]-(-etor of the (‘]\ who oi-<lere<l the doenments tlestroyed, not the otlieial re.=pon:-ihle for the pI'(|;'t‘tllH. nor any of his tI$.~=n('i8t(’S. \\'e helievetl that the reeortl. ineoniplete as it \\'aS. \\'a. as com lete as it wa= goitig to he. Then one jT)(ll\'i(l\1tll.YhI‘Oll§!h n Freedom 0? In- formation request. !l(‘(‘0II)pll$l)9(l what two IIS. Senate committees could not, He ,<|mt-retl the agent-_\" into fitttliltg atltlltllmal 1-eeord.~ per- taining to the (1.-\°.~' progzratn of ex|ieritnentation with human sttbjeete. The<e new reeortl.- were tli.~'eo\‘tt'e<l hv the a;:ene_v in .\Iareh. Their (‘Xl.~'lt"l)t't- was not matle lmown tn the (‘0l1}'l'l'5~“ until .lnl\'.

The reeords ]‘(‘\‘("tll a far more exten.~"i\'e .~(‘|'it'.~4 of experiments than had pt-erious-l\' heen thon;'ht. Eig:lit\'-.~ix unit-er.<itie:~e or institutions were involvetl. Yew in<tanee.~' of unethieal heha\"ior were revealed. The intelligent-e (‘tttHlltl\llll\' of this Nation, which requires a shroud of .'~tt‘I'Pt'\‘ in onler In npe!':ttt'. ha» a \'ei'\‘ .~"a<-red trust from the Ame:-iean people. The (“l.\'s pro;_'ram of human experimentation of the fiftie- am] .~ixtie- \'l(|l:llt(l that trn.-t It w:i= violated agaitt on the day the bulk of the agent-\"-" reeor<l.~ were <le.=tro\"e<l in 1973. It is violated eaeh time a t'e.<pon.<il»le offieial refn<e~ to recollect the details of the progi-:iiii. The ht-~t safe-'\1anl against fll)t1>‘PS in the future is a eomplete pnhlie aemunt ing of the ahn>"e.= of the past. I think thi~ i.~ illn.<ti"ate<l. a~" (‘hairnian Inonve pointed ont. These are i.~'.~'lu'.~'. are qm-.~"tiott.< that liappeneci in the fifties and sixties. and go baek some 15. -20 \'ent‘- a;;'o. hut the\' are front page news today. as we see in the major ne\\".=|mper.~" and on the tele\"i.~"ion and in the media of thi.= eountry: and the i"ea.~"nn the\' are. I think. is heeau.=e it just eon- tinuon.=lv be;'in.< to tt'i('l(le mat. sort of. month after month. and the best way to put this peI‘iml lwltiml us. oh\'totl.~"l\‘. is to have the full information. and I think that is the tle.~'ire of .~\<hniral Turner and of the memhex:~ oftliist-ot1it1|itl\'t'. The (“entral lntelli;'enee .\-'ene\- tlriiggerl Ameriean eitizens with- out their luiowlethge or eoment. It nsetl l1Hi\‘t‘I‘.~=iY\' facilities and per- sonnel without their l(|m\\‘l\-tl;'e. It fumled leading reseztrehers. often without their l~:nowletl<,'e. The.=e in.<titnte.=. tl\e.~'e intli\"i<lual<. have :1 right to know who they are and how and when ths-\' were t|.~'t-tl. .\.~' of tmi:1\'. the Agency itself refn.=e.= to (ler-la~.=if\' the name:< of tho.~'e ins=titntion.< and imlividuals. quite appropriatelv. I might .=a\". with re''m'<l to the imlivitlnals under the Pt-ivaey Aet. It .~eetn.~ to me to he a funthtmental re.=pon.=ihilit\' to notify those imlivitlual.~ or ll\$llt\liittl\>'. rather. I think mam" of them were eanarht mi in an llll\\‘lTliH£ manner to do researeh for the Agzeney. Manx" re.~earehei-.=. 4liain;'ni.~hetl resenrelier.-. some of our most outstanding niexnher.< of our seientifie eonnnunity. involved in

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1. 111111 i1

111-111111 1:11-111111-> 1111- 1-1111111-11 10 111111 11111 .~1-1111111111 111111 0111" 111111-1-1".~"11_1 111111 1'1-~|11111~1~. 1-1111 111 |11-1-.-11:1111- 1111- .\g1-111-}' 111. :11 1111- very F11. 1 11111-1111 111 1111 1111 1 '

i1111i\'111\1:11~111\'1'11\'1-11. 11111~1- 111-111111111115 111111 11-:1.=1. 01111-i:111\‘ 1111111111 1111--v 111111.<1~.~ \v1-1-1- 11114 r1-1'1-1111-11. 1 1n11'r11111r'1-11 T\\'n \'1-:11".= 11:111. W111-11 .91-111-1'1-1k1-1' 111111 S1-11111111‘ .1:1\"11~. 111-.<i;'111-11 111 11--'1~1r11i1111. “-1111 5'1-11111111‘ 1111' :111\' .<i11111:11- :11111~1-.~ in 1111- 11111111-. That 1111111111171 1111- 111111-1111:11

11-;'i1~"1:1111111 1-x|1:111111-11 of 1111- .\':111r111:11 (‘n1111111.~.~'1m1 011 1111- j111'1,~"11i1-111111 111-11:1\'1111':11 R1-.~"1-:11-1-11 10 r'n\'1-1' 1111 111111111-1111-:11 :11111 1111111:111 .Q1111j1-1-1.< 111 111\'111\"i11;3 1111111:111 .<1111j1-1-1‘~. T110 1'1-=1-:1r1-11 1'1-~1-:11'1-11 f1111111-11 f1=111-r:111\' 11111 1111~'11-,-11-1:11ir111 1111-1-1-11-1111111111‘-1 111C\\' :11-1i\'i1i1-~. 11111111111 \\':1~ j11~1 1'n\'1-1-1-11 1101):1.< \\"1-11 :1s1111- (‘1.\. 1'n]1:1111111\' 111-11:1\‘1111'1‘11 1'1-.=1-11r1'11 111111111-1111-:11 111111 T11i< I\':1111111 11:1~' :1 1-1-~'1-:11-1-11 1'01- 11111111111-1-1~' 111' 111~'.\\' 11111111-11 ,=1-1-111111 111 1111111-. 11 11:1~"11:111 r1f1110~ .=\'.~'11-111 1111' 1111- |11'r111-1~1i111111f1111111:111 M11111-1-1.~" 1111-1111-1 f1\‘1-:111~ :1 1'IX- 1'1-.~"--111-1-11 s1-1-111111 1111111111-. 111111 1111- 11111111111 n11-1111~:11 111111 111-111111111-:11 \':11111-. '1“1111:1\".~ '111-:11'i11g.< 11:1~ |>1‘11\'1-11 11> 111-1'i1111-1111111n11 (‘111111111-<i1111 11$ 1111111-1:-1-n1~1- 1111- 111-1-11 111 1-,\'}1:11111 1-.<1:11111.~111-11 :111'1-:111\' 111111 1111- 1'1-1-11111 j111"1~"1111-111111. 1117-'1. 11111111 ]1:1.=~1-111111- S1-111110 '1‘111- ('1.\ .~'11|111111-11-11111:11 11-g'1~1:11i1111i11 l11-111-\"1- i.~ 111-1-111-11 m-(11-1' 111 :1.~".~"111-1- 1111 i11 1:1~1 \'1-111'. 1 11 1111:11111111>11~1\ (‘X- \\i11 1111- 111-g1~1-1- 111' 1111111-1-111111 11111111111111 11:1\1- 11111- |11-111111-111111 1111-\' 111--"1-1"\'1- 111111 11:1\'1- 1-\-1-1‘\' 111 1-x111-1-1. right 111-1'11111-111:11i1>11 111:11 1111-\' X11\\" \\'1- \\‘111 111-111-1-1-11 W1111 S1-111111111x111"\'1:. '1'11:11111 \'1111 \'1-1'_\' 111111-11. .-\11111i1':11 '1'111'111-1'? 1111- 111~:11‘111;:-. .-1:111-1111-111 11f .\1111111':11 T111111-1' f111111\\".~':] |'l‘111- 1111-]>:11'1-11

111" .-\11.\1IR.\1. .<1.11.\.<F11t1.11 '1‘1'R:<1:11, II1111‘.1'1'0|1 or C£.\"ra.\1. 1'R1lI'A1!111\ .\‘1:\1 1;.\11:.\1' lx1'1;1.11c1;.\11: dig. (‘11i111'l1l:1l|f 111 l11\' 101101‘ 111 \'(\1l Of .11]1}" 1.'1 11171 I |'p||0r191] nnf fp('-9|" 1111'. r1-11111-11 111 1'r11j1»1-1I\11{1‘].'I‘R.\, n 1-111s1-1\' 111-111 1-11\'er\' 111' .~1-1-1-11 11nx1-< 111’ 1100111111-111~ A~ 111:1v r1-1-1111. .\11{1'1.'1‘11.\ \\':1.~ an (‘IA |1r11j1-11 fr11111 111.121-1:11‘-1. \*1111 11111111-11. in- 1-11111111111-11 .~"1-11.-i1i\"1- .<1111|1r11i1-1-1- \\~1-r1- 11r11j1-1-1" 1111111-r \\11i1-11 1-1-r1:1i11 “111111-r1-11:1 11111111111-:11i11n, 11111-- r1-~1-:1r1-11 011 11r111:~ 111111 111-11:1\"i11r:11 \'n1\i11;: :11111-11;: 111111-r 111111:.~ (‘1-1111111111-1» 1111‘:-.<1i;::11i1111.< 111 11175. (‘11111111i:~.=i1111 111111 1"1111r1<11 1111: 1111- 11111-111-11-111-r k1111\\'11 “"111-11 111-1:111.< 111 1111- dru:-r1-11111-11 111-11111 of 1111- 1-r\-11111111111 111-1-:11111~ 111111111-1\' 1-111111111 1-1111~111_\1-1» of the \\'1-r1- |11111li1-17.1-11. 111 111.13 l>r. l11.~1111 :1 I11- 1-‘1-111111 111~1111 \\'i111111\\" 111 .\'1>\\' 11-11111 :1 11011-1 r111>111 11-:11»-11 111 his 111-11111 Ar111\' :11 1-‘1-r1 111-1ri1-11 11:1\'i111: 11n\\‘i11i11-'1\‘ 1-1111.=111111>11 LS1! :111111i11i<1e1'1-11 111 York (‘i1\* 111111111 :1 111-1-11 :11'11-r 1111-P1111: 11f 1..\'lI r1-.<1-:1r1‘111-r< 111111-11 113' ('1.-\. :11 111111 11< :111 1-x|11~ri1111-111 :1 in\‘111\1-1111-111 “"1111 111>11:1vi1»1-111 \\-:1~" 111111\\"11 :11111111 1111- A111-111-‘\".~' !\111<1 11f \\"11:11 1'r11j€-1'1 111 111771 \\-11>" 1-0111111111-11 i11 11 re-1111r1 1111 111\'1-s1i;.':1111>11~" dr11~-< 111111111: 1111- re-~1111 111' 111.<|11-1-1nr G1-111-r:11'.~' 1111111» i11 11111211. .-\.- :1 111- 1111- !111{1'1,'l‘]1\ 111-1-11:11-1-11 11-.-11111: 111 11r111:> rm 1'..\‘. 1-i1iz1=11.- \\':1.< r1-1~111111111-1111111i1111<, u11\\"i11i11: n\'11i1:11111- 111 111111 r1-|>11r1'.< I\1K1'1.’1'11.\-r1=1:111-11 r1-1-11r1 \\":1.- 111nd1- T111- S1111- .=1111.~1-11111-1111\‘ 11i.-1-1111111111011. 111111 111 1110 .=1n1'1' of .\‘1>11:1111r 1(1-n111»11\'.- i11\'1-#11-.':1111r.~ 1111- (‘1111r1~11 (‘11111111i111-1- 111:11 1111 of 1111- re-1-1-111 di.~'1-1111-r\. 11 \\':1.~"111-111-1'1-11 1'111i1 111-.~'1r11\"1-11 in 1111- 1-11111111i111-1- 1111 H1-111111. 11:11! 111-1-11 111-11:11-i1»r:11 1111111ifi1-11111111 M1{1'1.'l'1l.\ 1111-s 111-1111111: \\'1111 1‘11i1'-1' 11f 1111- (111'11-1- 111' '1'1-1'1111i1~:11 S1-r\'11'€'. 1111-11 r1-11ri11;: A1n10~"1 19711 1111 1111- 11r111-rs 111' 1111- r1-|v1r11-11 1111- 1111-11 1\(‘1. as 11:1.~ 111-1-11 ]1r1-\*i1111.~‘1\ asp:-1-1.< 01' 1111' I"'"SH'T 111' “"1111 1111- :1111l11~riz:1111>11 \\"i111 1111- :111\' 1-1111111-1-111-11 111111 all of 1111- |11-11|111- \\-1111 111111 “"1111 1111- A21-111-\' in 11177» \\-1-r1- 1111 1111121-1' .\11(1'1.'1'11.-\ 1-1111-- :~‘1-11;111- i11\"1-~11|::1111r.- 111111-11 11111-1-1-<11-11 111' 1111- 1111-r1- \\';l'-' 1i1111- 111-111111-11 1-;1111\\'11-111:1- T111.< at 111111 111111-. '1‘1111s, 1111- (‘1111r1-11 1‘11111111i111-1- i11\'1-.<1i::11i1111,=. 1‘1.\ 1111ri11;: 10 1110 pmio1~1< 111-1111111111» 111 \\":1.~ 111-111-:1111v 11111 \\'111\11\' 1111ri11111:11111- 1,1111-1-11\~or. 1111-11 11! 111-1111111110 111-1:111»

Page 8

5 tho 1963 rep:-rt on Ml-(t'I.TR.\ hy tho destrm-tion of .\II{T'l.TRA files in 1973; “l'rt*st'ttt prm-tit-o is to maintain no records lust-01 tur tionoral notes on page 14: tost pro;:ra|n.s." of tho plannin-,' and attpruval of had an \\'l|\'t| I ropurtod tn you Inst nn this nmttor. my staff had not yetnow lm-utotl nmtt-rial in th-ptli. This has iK-‘Flt to review tho newly of tn zivo you u tlo.<<-riptiun nf tho oontents (\pt|nI‘I\Iltii\' at-oo1n]~lisln-ti. and I ant in u tmsitiuti ho must into-rostotl in the fullu\\"in'.' l lwlievv ynu will tho rot--wort-tl nt:tt4-t'ial_

8.<]|(»‘\'l.~‘ of the rs-rent di.=cm"ery: Hu\\' tho mate-rinl was disr'0\'ere(l and \vh\" it was not p!'€\'i0t.ts]y found; lot-utotl ntatvriaiz The naturo nf this r\>wntlv the-ro is in tho nmtori-at whioh may not lmve limv nmoh new information hm-it 1-ro\~jon;slv l<nm\*n and repnrtod In St-nnto it1\'t'stil!ttttIr.s; untl si;'ttiti<-ant ns|w<'t.s of this find tn ho, What we b9lie\'0 tho must tnatorittls. 'l‘ho mute-rial had hot»-ti Tu lit-min, as to hu\\' \\'o (list-t|\'0rPtt tlu-so of \\'zt.~hi||:.'tnn and was tli.~'(-on-l'P(i sent In t|\11' Retired llt-curds C6*ltH.'l‘ otitsitlo of an o1n]>lo\"vo clmnzed with ro- tin-ro as a nf the oxtt-ttsiw sozm-h I'n\|l'l> it(‘1l:l\‘iIIl"Il] tlru-'s and for restnmdimz t't'~llil

spt~nsit»ilit\' for nmintaining our liolditms on At-t roqiwsts nn this snhiot-t. Imrint: the (‘hurt-h to Frootlutn of liifnrttmtimt 197-'1. soar:-lit-s for .\lK1'l,'l‘l{.\-relatod material wen- (‘-nmnittoe itt\'o.~'ti£:1tir\l1 in at-ti\'o and rotirod I‘H'<Il'(i.~ uf all hratn-lies of CIA nmtlo I-\" oxatninint: huth tho dot-nments. The l'Hlt~ili"T\‘(] at all likely tn haw had t|.~'~m'i:ttintt with .\lKI'l.'l‘Il.\ 1-‘is:-at -\'o<-tiun of tho Brant-li restutnsihle for re-tirod rot-ortls of the Bud;:Pt and as- lmwovor This \\'ns iI(~'l'tlllSP finant-ial |t:t]~Pr.~' snoh \‘\'ut'k wore not $9{lI'('|lPd. sm-h as Mi{l‘I.'l‘R.\ woro nt-rmaIl\" tnaintninod sntiatotl with sonsitive t-roit-vts and Fist-al .\‘o(-tiun. tlw ttrojert filo, not l-\" tho llmlue-t sent tn the RP- hy tho Bram-It itsolf llll(iPX' the In-\\'l\' It-1-an-tl l||:t1(‘ri:\i was In tho oaso at hand. ll--\\'e\"¢>r. ltudzot and I-‘ist-at .\‘<~-tiun us |t:trt of its (‘outer in 197" tho pruootinro is nut l-\' tirott ]{(>'l'III‘(i.~ r>\\'n re-tire-ti In-lttitit:-'. Tho rt-asrm for this clot-arturo fruin n--rntnl tho nmtt-rial est-:||»-ti rt-trio\al and destruction km-wn. As n result of it. it--\\o\er. tlttioo as \u-ll as dist-m"erv in 1975 thon-rt-tiritn: Itirot-tor of tho in W73 ivy tho In .\'on:1t(» in\'o.~'ti;::ttnrs. by VIA uflit-ials I'v.<]mll(iiItll this ntntorittl dint so l»\" h>:1\'in;: llu stmio unturned The otntilu\"oo \\"]|t- ltwattotl to I-"INA roqnosts. llo rt»\'io\u-tl all listitigs of ntatvrinl in his ofihrts to re-sp--ml im'lmlin;: tlu-so of the of this Br;|t|t'h st-in-tl at tho Rt-tin-‘ti lttwurtls (‘e-ntor..\iKl'l,'l‘il.\-relntod ducti- and. thus, dist-ovorotl tho Bntlzot and Fist-al .\‘o1-tit-n stun. the .-\|:9||('y failed in tho prt-\'it\tt.s" soarohos. In tnonts whit-h hati In-on tnissotitlm-tnnonts in 1973 in tho pro:-ess nf attempting to I'(‘.\‘|)0ll.\‘P to the (‘hnrch ||:trti<-nlar to ttl|o<»\t~t‘ tl|(~~'\-

thotn: it sin|ihnl_\' failotl to itwtttt-1it|'ltt in 11073 in do-st 1-my hoarinzs. I am oom-im-otl that thoro “as Itn ntteutpt tn c-um-eul this ('t>ttttt|itlt-1- .

inatorial tinritnz tho itttportnttt tfl oatrlit-1' .~'t':l!‘t'|lP\. t‘m*ontl\- ltwatotl tnatorial. it is .\'o\t. as to tho natttro of tho Hf tho nmtorinl in fuldors aro litt:tn('t~ fttltit-rs. Tho hulk roalizo that tho row-torotl n<-1-mitititi''.=. and the th--tn omisists uf :l]I]tI"t\\‘:t].~ for :ul\"an--o of funds. \‘0ttt'iu~t‘.~, u-r_\' int'orutati\o as to tho natnro of tho activities liko-nu-st nf \\’hivh aro not ntotnorantia ('nt|tnwttt- (It-o:|si--ital t»r<-jwt tvr-ttmsals tut’

that wero ttntlortakon. aro smtttorul thrnn-,:hout this ntntvrial. in: on sutno :ts|tt-ot of at sttl-|»rni~-ct status rt-tmrts 0|‘ rot-u\'1'ro<l niatorial doc-s not ittritttlv In azont-ral. lm\\"e=\"or. tho 1’"|l.\il‘l"|'§|tillll>' ur prt-gross in the various uthor rim-ttttwttts rvlatint: ht uttorzltiottal duos nptietlr. stti-prni<-4-ts. thottzh sntno olahoration of tho at tivitios otnttotitttlatotl into throo onto:-»rios: :tt|tu-nr tn have tint-ntnonts fall Tho rot-u\'e-rotl l‘IIll',Iili\ sub;-r--i----ts. tn:tn\ -if \\-hioh First. thoro aro Hit .\lKl'|.'l‘1t.\ hohavioral m--tlitimtiun. dru: u<-quisition st-mo ('tlllI|l't‘|iIIll with resoaroh into .~'\Il'I't'[l\i1i|i\1\l\j and tosting nI‘:\ti1|lilli.\‘lt‘Ti1|lXtil’ll|£~mist ollanouus )tKl‘I.'1‘ll.\ tumors. inc-ludin: -\'+-votltl. tlwro nrv t\\'t\ tum-s of into-rtm*diar\‘t stau-nu-nts from "out--int" ti.o.. audit rota-rts anti titiant-ial of \‘arinn< 1-es(=nr('h ttwt-ltnttisnts nserl tn outta-t-:11 t‘l.\‘.s .\'|tnlI.\'nI'.~'ili]| funtlin: ]\I‘tIj('\'t~, vttttm-rttittgg t-ortain intoilizenr-o I-‘inally. thvro aro 113% zuhiiti--nail .~'tt\i||t'ujt-vts whi--h h:t\o nothing tn do at-tivitios fnnth-tl tttulor .\tKl'l.'l‘ll.\ other re~ tlrnus. and toxins or with an) |PT(‘\'iH‘.l.\'i_\'

Pitiu-T \\ith ht-h:t\‘inr:|i in--tlithation. latod tnattors. omorml l~_\ tho ‘H9 stilvprojevts into wt‘ T\1\\'\' ""t*llIlI1Pti in Brunt» tho :u~ti\itios tn-Pse-tits the dvst'ri]\ti\o itt-:Hlin'.:~. In l-rozul -mtlino. at toast. this (‘{ll<'l£I~TiP§ tttuh-r ontogorios: ||l:u'(‘tl in tho foll--\\"in;: 17- r-untonts of the-so tiles. Tho activitios nro

t

Page 9

6

1. Resettrl-h into the efleetfl nfhr-ht1\'im':tl drugs

and/or alcohol :

17 .<nl>|-rnje-(‘ts prulutl-lv nutin\'l>I\'int:It11rnnntestinfli 14 snl-pmjet-ts tlefinitt-l\’ in\"¢»l\’ing te-.~t.~" ml vnlunteer.~': human 19 Sl'|I|]\rfij(>(‘I\' ]\rnIo:|l|l_\' it|"It1!Iim; te.~t.= nil Vuluiiteers, human White not kn-twn. t~-»tm- of IIl(‘.\‘(' \‘\lI>]|rujPI't.< may have in:-luded te.~"t.= on unwitting sub- jw-ts n- wt-ll: 6 .~<t|hprt>jevt-" invnlvim: te~t~" llll unwitting: FllItjP('I.<, '.!in\'fllvim: hyptmsis and drugs

1. I{l'.\\'I|I‘I'Il un l|ypm>.<i>: s .<tih1»rujvrt~. in<~lmliu;:

in t'tIIllIIIll£l|Illll.

1. .\<-quisitimi nf t-ltvmit-n1.<urtlr\1\:~': T

1il1I||r1'ujt*(‘I.<. !~'ll|'I"9]IIIIIlIlll~' de- -I .\~"|-t-1-t~’ 01' mauzit-i:n|~' :\r't u.~"vfnI in 1-uvt-rt 0]lQ‘l'ilIII)ll!\'I e.t:..

Ii\"<-r\ Ilf tIl'tl‘'-!‘t'|€ll0rI m:|teri:tl~" 4 .~'iil||»mjm-t.~". uf human hel|:|\'i0r. sh-c-1| research. and behavioral ('han;:¢».< during I

7-. Stmlit-.< ]|.~"\'--Imtln-r:|p\" ll .\'lllt|tl"uj0-'<'I.\Z

and :|tteml.-m--t- at .<eminnr.< and intt-rnntltmnl mnferenr-es :

fl, l.it-rm-\~ <t':1rvh<-~ HI] In-h:t\‘iHt‘:tl nmdilit-utiutt ll sill-|-rt-it-1-t>. and training tech- :

1. .\I<|ti\;|titm:|l .-1n<lh-~, .<ltl(Iiv.\ nf

alt-ft.-~-tnr.-1 a.<.~¢-.-.-tm-nt.

lliqtn-~: '’2{-ttltprojt-1-t.~", tx I’r\l\‘;:r:uph rvsenrt-ll 3 .~t1l-]\rnje-1-t~'. research 3 :

it Fnmlin: lllW'It:|llis'l11~' fur .\1Kl'l.TRA external aeti\"itie.<: illltprnjo-|'l.\' ll). Rl'~(~l|l"|'Il nu tIrn'.'~". tt-xii»: and l>inIu;:i:'.'tI§ in httnnm ti-fine: prnvisimi of ex--tiv 1|:|tln-g--tw ntul lhv 1-:1pnl>i1it\" lu illw-rpnrute them in etft-<~ti\"e delivery 4? <llI\]II‘I'I€*(‘| -1 '

he dc-termim-tl from available documen- :~"_\".~t<-tn~"

ll. A1-ti\"iti<-~ \\ltt,~t- 4|Ibj4'(‘Ii\P>' 1-anmvt tztti-mi-'1 ~\1lq\rt~i1-t-t~'. 1'.’ .~'t|l-|-r<-jm-ts int-<>l\'in|: fun<lin;: um-pnrt fur nn.<pc~-ifietl neti\'itie.< connected Thi- :\t‘ti\"it\' is with the .\rtn\'.~ $1»:-t~i:tl Hpt-r:|tim|~ ]li\"i.-inn at I-‘t. lletri<'k..\I1l.t.\‘<-<- A|~|»<~||4Iix A. Hlllliltv in Iimlk I1>I'IIl\~l'It\lTI‘ltt'\Il|||tIitlm-Rt-|wl‘l.]|]>.994$-Zihll. pp. li~-flit. l'mh-r (‘l.\‘~" 1'ruj<-(-t MKZ\'.~\O.\II. the Army Assisted (‘IA in develop- deli\'er\" s\'.<teu1:< fur use inu. l+*.<Iill|:. and |n:|int:tinin;: l»iulu::i<'ltl agents and :u:uin<t lmm;tn< ns wt-ll as u;::|in.<t :\|iinml> and ('rnp.~'. The nl-i+-<-tin-.< of these re:-<\\'4-rt-rl material I-c-\'--ml the faet 5111']-t'",i~-"t~" I-aunt»! I-v itl-~ntitl<\|I from the that Illv mum-\" \\;|- In Iu- um-ll wlu-rv normal fltlulim: (~h:1nnel.~' \\"<-uld require I|m1't- written --r nml _i\|~titi-htimt than atptn-:|r¢-<1 th-.<ir:thl\~ for .~'e<-ttrity Tv:l.<tvll.~' ur \\h-~tw-1-|>1-r;|vitm:|l1-1-|t~irh-r:|ttm1~tli-'t:tlt-llshurtlvntllitn--~ for ||ttl'('l1:|~'v>'.A|m1ll $1I.1N\"\\':|~i||\‘~\|\4~1IlIttri|t;.IlIi|~p<ri||tl I!v.'»It-ltnm:Ilsttliprujt---t>. :t~' 1-ffet-t~ 1-f eh-1-t rn-.-In--'k. linrassmettt tech- lit. .\‘in:lt- -til»;-r~-fw-1- in >11-~h are-:|~ ]>I"\pt*IIt’(I .-pm\'.= ni\|t|~-~ fut‘ ufT--|.~'i\»- n~--I :|||:|I\'-i~ of extrn~e1|~1»r\" |n-rve]-timl. tits zttul zwr--<--1-. nml f--nr ~nhpr--i¢--'t~ i1i\"nl\'in:: 1-r<\]~ an-I mnteriztl .\'ilI>4lIll;.'(‘. 1-l lltw |tl' twlt ~t|h|-1'1-i-‘I't-" nu e:u~h 1-f the f-~I|~wiu::: "Itl...»<l Hr-v|t]~i|!:" I‘l‘~'l‘Z\T<‘Il. euntn-llim.' the at-ti\"itv nf animals. enertry st--ruse znul tr;|n~I'~-r in \>r::\ni-> -_v.<tom~ nml :

tinmI1t- atnl rt--1:-»t|>v in hit-I-vtli--nl ,<_\'~t|-tn~'.

\\'a.~ done on the-m hfi\'itt|; tn 13, 'l‘hr<-.- v~Il}.l'r“5'!'i-\ 1-am-1-llt-tl In-fwre any w<n'l»: ('0t1t'\l~.<i||n and 79>-9;1f(-1] (In with l:\|v-~l':|tnl"\' tlrn: st-rt-enintr. r0.~"e:1r-~h mi hrnin nn I-it-In-'i1-:|ll\' nt~ti\‘t~t|mIeri:tl< t-Flu-tt-<1»-at thrunzh the .~'kin on ltnmmt \'nInnteer.<. .\'|~\\'. :|< In huw tum-h t|4~\\' the rel-~\\'eretI material ntI<I~' tn what Iins 1\re\'imt:=l_\'

hm-n re]---rtwl tn the t‘hnr~-h Pntmnittee and tn §enntr»r Kennetl_v's- Stilvmmtniittee rm Ilt-nltlt nu tlu--e tr»]\i<-~. th~- :m~'\\e-r i~' :ul<Iitin1i:|l detail. fnr tho n1r».=t part e.z.. :

a~'~'<-1~i:\t¢-d on the l1.'ttm-~' nf ]vl"t'\'iutl~I_\' unitlr-utitierl rt-~"e:m-l\er~ and in~titntit\t|- 1-ither wittin: Hr nnuittin: l|:i<i~" with .\lKI'l.TRA n('1i\'lli4-~'. and the nmne~ Hf ("l.\ "flit-i:|l~ \\'lm .'t]v[\l‘~'\‘P~I I-r timttiturt-tl the \":\ri-\n< .<tth|-r<»je¢-t.~'. Fume new sub- :1

stnntiw nmte-rial l~ at-n ]|re~'entr e.|:.. detniI~ t-mu-erning ]»rn]u»<:tl.< fer experi- mvnt:ttim| null Pliliivatl l6'\‘IIllL! n~'t~"m-inte-cl with vnrimt< I'9.~‘t'Ill'('Il prnjt-<-t=. and I H-»\\-ever. the prv=<ihl\" i|n|\rn|-vr l'HIllI‘IIIlIlIl\Il by (‘IA In n private instirtttinn, pritn-i|\:|I l\'|u-< (If at-li\'itiv~ invlmlml have. fut‘ the in-wt part. either been nntlinet] tn (‘IA tn <1-ine extent nr gem-r.'|ll\' dew:-rilvml in what \\':t~' nre\"i¢m~l\" a\'nil::hle (‘IA to Setintv i1l\'e~'ti:ntnrs. In the wn\" hf (Im'llIl|Pl‘lI3IIHIl and w:t~' .-11]»;-lit-<1 l|\' l"r»r t~\':nnplv: Fimttwiztl (Ii\‘|\tlr<l‘lll¢'YlI re<"rml.~ t'~-r the lwriml 1964»-196-I fnr Tfi of the I-19 Y\\Ilt|In-l'('t].\IKl'I.TR.\ .~|tl-tn-njm~t< hm! IN'l‘ll re-v~|\-vi-4-tl frlvm the fiffit-0 nf Fitmtteg l‘l.\ tmrl were lltfltlv n\'nil:\hh- tn the (‘hurt-h (‘~-mmittee in\'e.<ti|:ntnr- in .-\tu:11.=t by nr Reptmnher 197.1. The 190'; In.<|u-r-tnr Ge-nr-ml re]-nrt nn !\IKI'I."I‘R.\ made acailnhleelet-trn-shock tn hnth the (‘hurvh (‘mmnittee and Renntur Kenm~d_\'.- Sulu-mmnittee I.I‘lPI1Ii01lN

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and llI\l'll~‘!~'lll(‘Ill siihsiaiu-es tpp. -1. 11%| eon-rt testinz on unwittiiii: I'.S. citizens ;

(pp. 7. 10-1'.‘l : the seareh for new iuaterials throiuth arriiniieineuts with special- ists in universities. pliarmaeeiitival hoiises. hospitals. state and federal institu- tions. and private reseaireii orgaiiizations llrp. 7. ll) and the far-t that the Tech- :

nieal Serviee llivisioii of CIA had initiated 1-H suhprojeets related to the control of human behavior between 1!i.'>3—1!l67t lp.21l. The relevant section of a 19.17 lll.<]l6-('l0I' General report on the Teohnieal Sen-- iee llivision was also inade avnilul-lo to the (‘hurt-h t‘oiuinitiee staff. That report dist-usses teehiiiques for human assessnient and unorthodox methods of coin- niiiiiivatioii tp. 2"] l dist-reditini: and disahliui: iiiaterials which can he covertly :

adiniiiistered lpp 201-20.’; stiitiie~ on llll"t|.'lt'lilll\" arts as applied to covert oper- ations tp. 20'.’l speeifie funding; iue-~haiii~ius for reseiirr-h performed outside of ;

:

(‘IA lpp. 20'.’~‘_"lJl. 205» !'e$t'ilI'(’ll |I(‘lll;£ tloiie on iknoekout material, ah-ohol I

tolerance. and liypnotisui tp. 2113»; rest-:irc-1| on LS1! tp. ‘.'lI-ll; anti-personnel ;

har.-issinent and assassiiiatiou ileliu-rv .~\‘.~l('l||~ iiil-liiiliiig aerosol generators and other spray devil-es ipp_ 206-Ztlsl the role of Fort lletrit-la in support of (‘IA‘s 1

Bioh-git-al’t‘lieiui1'al Warfiire eap:il»ilii\ tp 20>» ; and material sabotage research ip. ‘.'Utl;. Ztlui-h of this material is I'1'flet'lP(| in the Chureh Committee Report, lam}; I, pp. 3s.‘--t'.".’. t.\‘ee Appemlix A. pp. ti.'>-10'.’ l. Tho most siziiitivant new data disvovered are. first. the names of researchers and institutions who partivipiited in the .\lKl'l,TRA pi-ojet-t and, secondly, a pos~il-ly improper eoiitrihutioii hv t‘1.\ to ii private institiition. We are now in possession of the names of 183 iioii-uoverniueiit researehers and assistants who are identitiell in the recovered inaterial dealini: with the 149 suhproje('ts The names of ht) iiistitiitioiis where work was done or with which these people were atfiliated are also mentioned. The institutions int-lude -H eolleizes or universities. 15 researl-h foundations or ('llIlit's tin ad- eheiiiieal or phuriuat-eiitieal eouipniiies and the like. 12 liospitals or dition to those assoeiated with universities). and 3 penal institutions. While the identities of some of these |lPll]Ilr and institutions were known previously, the dist-overr of the new identities tltltls to our knoivletlge of .\lKl'l.'!‘RA. The facts as they pertain to the possibly improper 1-ontrihution are asa follows: private One pi-ojeet involves a eontril-iitlon of $37.’-0o(J to a I-uildiiii: fund of inedir-at liistitiitioii. The fart that a eontrihiition was made was previously known; indeed it was mentioned in a 1957 Inspector General report on the Teelinieal Servit-e llivision of ('1.-\. pertinent portions of whit-h had heen re viewed by the (‘hurt-h Committee staff. The newly discovered material. however. which nuikes it clear that this eontrihiition was made throinzh an iiiterniediary, made it appear to he a private donation. As ii privatewas donation. the contribution was then l.11Ill1'llP(l hy federal fiinds The institution not made aware of the DC]. and coneurred true .<olll‘('(-\ of the gift. This projeet was approved hy the thenGeneral Counsel who in h\' (‘lA's top manaizeineiit at the tiiue. including the then wrote an opinion supporting the legality of the eontrihutioii. llltfivlllt‘ scope of the The rec-entl\' dis(~o\'er4-(1 documents :ive‘:i greater insight now have col- unwitting: drin: testing hut eontrihiite little more than th:it.\\e W85 (‘l'"'l'"-‘d 1"" lahoratini: information that some of the iinwittintl drufl T"-‘llllt! t‘itv. and we have identified that in safeliolises in San l-‘riim-isvo and New York to the iireriousll" three iiillividuals were involved in this undertaking as opposed ll‘-‘Ulll """'l§ P1999 reported one person. \\'e also know now that Sulllt’ liiiwittlllfl on eriniinal sexual psyehopatlis confined at"K" a State hospital and that. additional- lv. I‘tl.~t'{lI'(‘ll was don» on a knot-k-oiit or driu: in parallel with research to develop pain killers for eaneer patients. in our re\"1ewof the

Tin-se. then are the principal tliiiliinzs identified to date _

t'9('o\'t’l‘Ptl material. .1\< noted earlier. we lwlieve the detail on the identities of rest-art-liers and institutions involved in (‘l.\'-“ l=l"ll~“"l"*|lltl of driiizs and he- havioral moditir-atinn is a new element and one whioh poses a <‘<ll'l§ldPl'8lllP l'"‘°l"

lein. Most of the people and institutions involved are not nwareof A2lfl1<‘$' .~pou~orsliip \\'e should eertainlv fltislllllt‘ that the resear--hers and institutions faith and in the whieh eooperated with ("IA on ii witting lmsis tl('lP1l‘l|l good \P::llllll=llP fllld l'f‘°l"f1' I“"'l"°-‘°< helief that they were aidinz their t:"\"‘"l"l"!" ill fl We all llit\'P a moral ohli:'ation to tllP~‘l' res-=lr~>lwrs and i lN'llt‘\'v lli-stltlltlml-= thell‘ l"9P11""l°"~‘ to proteet them from any iiiijiistified Plllltfl rr:is-meat or (13lll|Hfl_t"t0 in addition. I have a 19281 whivh revelation of their identities mlllht llfillil. <ll-'1"fl‘ "1" "mll"- "7 "'9 "1' ohli::=uiou tinder the Privaey Aet not to iillhlislf e-\'llP<‘"\".\' \"19- 97 (‘““|'5*‘- ,9’ dividiial re.~e:irt-hers without their eonsent. This is

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8 I

thrwo ro.=¢-arol1er.~ and instittitit-u.~' whioh wvro uu\\'ittin:' pnrtioipants ln CIA- 1~'|mus<flrt-ll JH‘ll\'llll‘\ n-vn;:t|i2in;: the risht mu] tho not-tl of hull} tlw Senate .\‘¢-\'t-i'tlu-lt.~">. S(*lt'(‘l ('Hmtnittr~a- Ull llll4'lli;:vItt'(' and tl|-- .\‘t-u:|tr- .\‘|ita-t-i||1itit|<-¢- 0|; 11.-.111], to i|;\-@,~ti;;;|t¢- Ilw <'ir-'\1tn~'t=|1u~o.~ of tliow aotivitit->" in \\'lmto\'<-r tlt-rail tlm\ t-mt~idt-r in-1-(*.~>':|r_\'. l

I mu |tru\"idim: \'¢|ur t‘<muuittm- \\ith all of thv nan“-~ mt a 1-la~‘<iti¢-tl ha~'i~. I h|-]~- that this will fawilitato your ll|\'('.\‘ll2;llllt]| \\‘hi1t- ]|r1|l(-1~Ii:|'' tho imli\'iduul.< mul ittstitiltitttts inw-lvml. Lot mo 4-tttplirtsizo that l‘ln- \1|{l'l.'l'lt.\ <-\\'e|tt.~ nro 1'.’ tn 27» \-out-.~ in lllv |r:l<t. 1 n.~".=uro \'¢-u that tho ('1.-\ i- in no \\-;|\- em.:a;-<-<1 in eithor \\'ittit|t' ur nu\\"ittim.' tv<tim: of drut.'~ tu(l:t\'. I-‘inally. l mu \\'urkin;' 4'l0~'l'l\' with llw .~\lllll‘H('\‘ tic-uoral mul with tho Sor-r(~ ""5 of H1-allh. lidm-atimt and \\'c-lt'aro mt tht\ mattw-rt WP nrv m.'1kiu'.' £l\'tlil;|l¢l1- In tho .~\tturno\" Ht-l|4'!‘:ll \\"l1:|to\'vr man-rial- l|t- |||:|\‘ dot-1|. 1“-ti;-\_=1r\< ti. any lll\'t‘Sll‘,I!lllllll hv m:|\' vlovt tn umlo-|'t:tI;r-. \\'(- :1 r¢- wurkittg with lmth tho .-\tt~-rm-v tiom-rat mu! tho Sm-re-t:tr\" nf Ilvullh. 1-Ithu-atimt and \\'|-lf~m- to (l('t4'I'l|1llN* whvtln-r it is prnotioal-to fmm thi~ m-»\\ P\'l|l~||I'l- m am-mp: tn ide-ntify any of tho pt-r»m1.~ It» \\'l|1tm drugs nm\' haw In---1| arlmini~tor--d uu\\"ittin:l\' .\'~ .~'nr-h lmim-~ ar4- part nf the-~o l’l'|'0I'(l~. hut wo :|I'1- \\w-rkiu-' tn clotortniuo if the-ro are aul-~qnato 4-ltu~~' tn load tn tht-ir idt-ntitimtiuu aml if >0. lmw tn no alu-ut fultillim: :

{H-'2' ' tlu-t;a\~ern|no1tt‘.- l'P§|mll$llIlllIll'§ in tho mnttor. c TESTIMONY OF ADM. STANSFIELD TURNER. DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE. ACCOMPANIED BY FRANK LAUBINGER. OFFICE OF TECHNICAL SERVICES: AL BRODY. OFFICE 01-" INSPECTOR GENERAL: ERNEST MAYERFIELD. OFFICE OF GENERAL COUNSEL: AND GEORGE L. CARY. LEGISLATIVE COUNSEL .\<lmi1-al T‘l"R.\'}Ilt. 'l"lmul< you. .\It". (‘hnirm:m. I wnulrl liko tn bt-gin by tltgmking \'m| and S<~nat0t' Kc-itlu-tl\' fut‘ liavihgz a jrtiut lt('tll'lt1{!llll.~‘ |tmtui1t;~'. l ltupo thi< will oxpoclito and t':|<'ilitato nur gotting all tho itifmmatinn that lmllt of \'mu' omumittoo> nt-ed lIttntlt('}‘(‘v0t'llq1ll(‘l~Il}'. l wmtltl lil-to also tn thank you both fur ]u'¢-f:|<"iu;' tho |~on|nt"k> t0<la\' I

by romiutliug n.< all that tho o\'ont.< fllmtlt whit-h wv at-o hero to talk aro 12- tn 24-\"oar.~ nltl. Tltvy in no \\'ll\']:t"11ll‘§l‘lll tltt-('t1t'|‘ont noti\'itio.~" ' " Qr;uoliQio= o£tl1cCn11u;1.lJnt§]li.'~'tv~<- .\:r<11~,\'- \\'hat wo nrv lu-t~o to do is tn gi\7-\'rTTl‘l tTto infm-ntntinn that we now lmvo and whivh wo dill not ]n-o\'iou.=l\' have nu :1 .'\lllliP<‘l kumvn as l’rnj<-Pt .\fl{l’]'.TR.\. :1 projoot whit-h took plat-o from 1959- tn 1964. It wa< an umlwrolla projt---I untlor whit-h tltoro woro ntunot-0u.~ sult- prnjoots fnr ro.=o:u'~-li. among nthor tltittgs. on (lt'n£.< aurl l\olta\'im~:tl tttmlilivflliult. \\'lmt tho now tn:ttot'i:tl that \\'1- nfi'<*r tmla\' is it sitti- plomont tn tho (‘Oll!~‘l(l(‘l‘lllIlt‘ matorinl that \\':1.= tumlo a\':tilnl-lo in 1977». duriu; tho (“lam-h omutaittoo l1o:tt"i11£.~'. aml til.-'-0 to tho Qouato $111»- cmnmittoo on lloalth flllll .\t-ioutifio Rt-.=e:tr<~lt. At that titno. tho (‘l.\ otlorotl up all of tho information and (loon- mont- it ltoliovod it hail ll\'flllfll)ll‘. Tho |n'in~~ipal nno availaltlo at that timo that ;v:1\"o tho 5't'vato=t mummt of itt‘l'm"t||ntinn nu thi.~ suhioot \\'a~ a I‘4']mt'l nf tho ( 'l.\'- lt|.<|u~t~tm-Gout-rztl \\'l'llll‘Il in limit. and whioh lotl rlirootlv to tho tot-minntimt of thi< nr-tivit\' in 1064. 13 \‘(‘fll',~‘ ago. Tho infurnmtimt n\':tilaltlo in 1975 tn tho \'at"i0u~' i|i\'e.~ti;:atitt;' gt-mt|>~ was lIltl('l‘4l =|>a|~~t- fir~t lIP¢‘7ll1§f' of lltv llP.=tl'll(‘ll0ll of matorial that tank plaoo in 1973. a~" rlotnilotl lt\' .'\‘ou:|tnr Ki-|mod\" a minute ugh. with tho onnonrronoo of tho thou llit-t-<-tm- nf (‘outrnl lItt(‘lll!ft‘I1f‘P mul umlor tho =npot-\"i.=inn of tho llirovtnr nf tho fill‘: nf T1-olinival S<-r\'i=~o\ that .<|1pot'\‘i,~'otl ‘Prnjt-<-t .\ll(l'LTll.\.

l

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Tho matoriai in 1977- \\'a.=:11sn .=.]mr.<o hot-an.~'o most of tho (‘IA pofipio \\h<» hm] ht-on in\*ui\t-<1 in In 11"‘-4 in thi.~ at-ti\'it_\' hat] rotirotl from 1'.t.'t2;

tho .\;-on<-\'. I wmthl fut-thot athl that I think the matorial was spamo in ]>:tt't hoo:|n~o it was tho praotioo at that tinto nut to koop dotailod l‘vt‘nl'<i>‘ in this oatt-;:¢n~\". For in~tanoo. tho 19611; l'(']lO1" of tho ]n~11ot-tnr Gonorai notos:

l’ro\--nt 1-raotioo i.~" tn niaintain nu rot-tlrtls of tho |»l:tnnin;: and u]\|-rnval nf to1~'t pr-»;:r:un.~". UK‘ In hriof, thoro woro fow 1'0:-nrt'|= to ht-gin with anti it->l= flftvf tlo.~"trnt-timt of 1973. and 1ot\'nn know .

\\'h:|t 1 \\t1l1i(tiihotO(iOl|0\\'.t}IOI1,Q‘i|.i!~tfipt'(N‘0("(i what tho now inzttorial tltitls to our k|m\\'h-tt;*o of this tnpio. and I will >"tat't h\' tlo.=ot'ihi1tgr huw tho tnatoriai was di.<on\'orod and why it \\':t~ not ]>t"o\‘imt.'~i\‘ tIi.~--tm-it-(I. Tho tnatt-rial in qno.~tit>n. .=nm<- .=o\"on i><>xo~. had hoon sont to our Rotirt-ti I-toonrds (‘ontor mtt.-itio of tho \\'a~"hin;vtnn aroa. It was di.~on\'oroti thoro as tho rosnit nf an oxton.=i\'e soat-1-11 h\‘ an om|-ln\"oo ohargotl with tho t't-.~]mt1sihilit\- fm nt:tintaiH- ingmtr]mh1ing.~" on hoha\'i<»t"aI drn;'.- and fur ro:~'p0|ulin;: tn Froodom of lnfm-mat inn .\ot rot|uo.~t.< on this :~'tthiot-t. During tho (']|ttt't'h oonnnittoo in\'o.=tignti<m nf 1975. .=oarr~ho.< for “Kl'LTlt.\-rolatotl tnatorial woro math» h\" oxaniinin;' hnth tho aotivo and tho rotirotl roont'd;< of ail nf tho hrtmoin-:= of ('].\ o0n.=idorot1 ii]-toi\' to ha\"o had an fl:~.~tn‘ifliittH with .\1KI'L'l'lt.\ d0<-ninont.<. Tho rotirod rot-m><1.< of tho Bndgot and Fi.-"out So:-titm of tho hranoh that was ro.=p0n- .<i|»h- fut" snoh work woro nut .~o:1t'~-hot]. h~»\\"o\"er. This was booattw tho finztnoiai pattor a~~m-iatotl with .<on.=iti\'o pt-ojoots .=noh as MKFLTR.-X woro nm'ltmii\' nmintainoti h\" tho hrant-h itwif nndor tho prnjoot titio. MKl‘If|‘1t.\. nnt h\- tho ]~intl;'ot antl Fit»-:1] St-otimt nndor a .°p0(‘itli lititigt-I tiio. In tho oaso at hand. iln\\'o\‘P1‘. this nowi\' iooatod tnatoriai had heon son! In tho ltotirod Rt-t-tn'tt~ (‘ontor in 1117" h\~ tho Btnlgot and Fisoni Soot inn of thi.~ hranoh as part 0fit.~"nwn 1-otii-otihnh]in;'.<. 1n.=h0t't. what slmnhi havo ht-on tih-ti h\' tho hranoh it.~'oif \\":|>‘ tih-<1 h\‘ tho Bntigot and Fi>’<':|i .\‘o<-tinn. ant] what .<hmth] i|:l\'t- hoon tilotl nntior tho prnjoot tith-. .\lKl'|Il']{.\. wa~" tilott nndor Iitttlgt-t and ti-"oat m:tttor.=. Tho roa- .~'mt fnrthis dopartttro frmn tho 1tm"|n:ti |>mt~t-tht|'t- flfthat tinto is.=itnpl\'

hut ktmwn. and as :1 rosntt nf it. h<»\\t-\"or. t ho nmtorial osoapotl t"otrio\'al anti th-.=t|'notirm in 1973. as woli :|~ t1i~’t-n\'or\" in 1973. Tho ont|>iu\‘oo whn tut-:|tot| this ll|:ttot'i:|i ttitt an h\' htaving tin Stmio nntnrnott in his ofl'm't.< In l'o~|mntt In ;| }-‘rot-ttutn of ]nfnr|n:ttinn .\ot roqnt-~t. Hr >'o\-ot'at nf thotn. in fa:-t. Ho ro\‘iowt-it ail of tho ]i.~"ting.¢ of inatt-rial nt't||i.~‘ht'atn-h. ,~'tm1-tl:|t tho Iiotirotl Hot-nt-t1.<(‘ontotuin<-hiding t|Io.~'t- of tho ]~h|ti'_"'t amt Fi.~t~:tI Sot-titm. and thn< di~<'m‘orotl tho .\lKl'|]l'lt.\-11-1:111-titin.-ntnonts. whit-h hzui hoon nti.<.<oti in tho proviotts st-:tt't-ht-<.

In sntn. tho a;'ono\' fniioti tn nnt-n\‘or tilt‘.~'o partioniar dnonlnonts in

1. in tho |n~noo:~i- of :1tton||»tin;: tn th-~trn4\' thotn. It .=i|niiat'i_\' faiiod

to i()l‘2l|l‘ thorn in 197?». in t'o~|mtt~'o tn tho (‘hurt-h ommnittoo ho:u'ing.=. 1 am ]n~I'.~mI:lii\' pot-t~tt:t<|ot} that thoro is nn ovidonoo of any nttompt to otm<-oal this matot-ial thn'in;r tho oariior sozti-t-ln-=, ]\Inrom~<-r_ as we will th.~"--tt.~‘.~: as wo |n‘0t'ot-ti. I tin not holiovo tho matoriai itsolf is such that

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IO

tht-r0 would hv n mot i\'t- nu tht- pm-t of thv (1.-\ to withhold this. having tii.=t'hi=r~ti What it dirt in HOTI». f\'t~xt‘ h-t luv nmvo tn thv nnturv of thi.= rt-r-r\ntl\' lot-ntod material. It i~ important tn I‘(‘!H(‘1)l‘N‘t‘ \\~h=\t I ha\'t~ just nrvtr-ti. that th(.=( foidors that \\-we <li.<t-tit-elm! arv iit|:|nt~v fnit'it'I'.~‘. Thv hulk of tho nmtorin] in thvtn t-nn.=i_-"t.~' of :|]>pt'u\-:\l< fur thv a<l\':1n|-t- fit’ fun<i.~'. \‘nnr'h\"t'F. and :u-r<mnti|1;'.~ anti Sm-h. nm<t of \\'hi<~h nrv not vt'r\' infm'nmti\'r- n.= to thv n:1tun»t»ftht- :tt*ti\'itit'.<th:tt tht~\" \\'\"I‘t‘SIl}>])OI‘iiI1§'.()t'('7l$ifilli\i proj- ot-t ]»t'0|m~":tt.~ or |m~t|mr:uuh| t't)1tlIllt‘Iliill{'4"tll 901110 aspevt of :1 .=tthpt-njort aw st-nttt-rod thmu;:hmtt t])i.< m:itm"i:11. 1n gt-mwal. }m\\~t~\'t-r. tho ro- ('n\'(*I'l'ti tnutt-rial tint-.< not int-httio O\'('t't\" .=t:\tu< rr~p0t't.< or ntht-r domi-

nwnt.- rt-hitin;v tn n]wi'atim|:ti 1-m1.-ilh-ration» or to tht- pi-n;grt~s.= on \':u-iuu.~ .<tti,n])|'uit~=‘t~. Ihuttgh stunt» t-hthm-atiou of tho a<‘ti\‘itit>.< contem- phitt-tl tlm~.~" :i|»pv:tr fmnt tinw to time‘. Tltt-11> at-o 1-tutghly thrt-0 r-ntt~gnrit~;- of ]'>i-njt-c~t.=. First. thorn are 149 MKl'|f1‘R.\ stilipi-njt-rts. lmmy of whivh appear to have somv connec- tinu with !‘t'>t':H't‘i\ iutt» ht-h:|\"im~:tI ntndifit-atinn. th-n,‘" :u-uui=iti0n and t<-'tin<,'. or :t<hnini.~"t<-rin;v thwt-'~ .=ttrrr-ptitim1.=]\'. Svmnd. tht-ro are two htm-~ nf 1I\iI<t't‘HilH(*fitI.~' .\Il{l'l,TR.\ papors. invh1din;' audit reports and tinmwint st:1tt~|m'1it.~" from inwrtm-=riinr\' funding mt-r~hnni:~‘m< used to t'nn<‘t':\i (‘IA spnnsor.<11i|» of \':n"iou.= rt-.=vnrr-h projnrts. Fin:tH\'. tht-rv aro 313 zuhhtimml .~"tthp|'njc-<-t.~ r~nnr~t-rning vc-rtain in- tt-Hi;'t>nt-t- :n‘ti\'itiv< prr~vinu.=1v fnndnd untivr 3IKTLTR.\ hut which haw nnthiug tn tin nitlwr with lwhaviot-at mndifir-ationfi. drttgfi and tnxin.=. m" :m\' vln~t~1\' rt-latt-J nmttor. \\'t~ hn\'t~ nttt~|nptt'ti to group tho a<'ti\'itio= oowrod by the 149 sub- prniw-t.< into 1':'ttt~;'l>1‘iv< undvr dr~st-riptiw ht-:uling'.=. In broad outline. at h-:|,=t. this prt~>-t~tit.< thv r~nntt~nt.= of thc-so fih=.=. The following 15 t'!lIt-gnI'it-Q :n't- thv run-.~" u't- httvv divided thn.<t~ into. First. rt-.~'t~:m-h inn» tht- PfTt-t~t.= of In-lm\'im'=|1 rh't13:= and '01‘ aimhni. \\'ithin thi~". thvrv are 17 proj<><~t.~" tn'nh:lhi\' not involving human test‘ ing. Tl:-~rv t1t't' 14 F\t|ip'|'nit\t-t.~' tI<»tinitt~1\‘ iu\-niviug tr-ding on htuuan vuluittt-<~r'.<. Th:-rv ttI‘t' 1!t.=uhpt~<1it-<-ts prnhahly int-hiding t0.=ts on human '\'nintit|-v|'.~' and (1 .~1tI-lwujt-vts in\"t»1\'ing t0~t.~ on unwitting! huumn ht-ing~'. .\'t~-mid. tlu-t-t~ i- rt-.~=t-:u---h an h\'pnn.<i.~. night qthprnjc-t~t.=. invhttiing tut» invutviug h\"|mu.~i.~' and t1ru;:.~' in vmuhinntitm. Thin]. 1]1vl‘t- nrt- .\‘t'\'t'll |n'njt~t't~ on the flI't|l1i~itiflll of ('i1(‘Il\i(‘il‘.~' or (iI'tlg.~'. }~‘tmrth fnur .=tthpi-uim-t~ on 1ill'HF])t't‘i.< nftht-m:1;'i~~inn'.= art. u.<0ful in 1-n\'t‘t't (|Il(‘I‘fllinl).~'. fur iH~I:||n't‘. litv .~tn'|'t']\titifln-' <h~ii\'<~r\' of (iru;:- 1'--hth-tl |n:it|-ri:|l.~'. V

Fifth. tht-ro at-0 nitn- \n'ujt-vt.~ nn .=ttuiiv.< 0f human hohavinr. sleep n-.~¢-at-t-h. and ht-hnvim-:11 r"h:tns\'t- thiring p.~"\'r‘hnth<-1'a]>v. .\‘ixth.th<-n- aw ]n'0it':'1.<H11 iihr:n‘\‘ >1‘i\1'l‘il(‘§ and nttt\uJnnt.= at SM!“- _

n:n-- and iutm'untinn:tl t‘UIlft‘l‘t'Itt't‘~ on ht-havini-:fl mndifit-atinn.=. !~'r\'t-nth. tht-rv nrv ‘.33 pniit-t-t~ on timtivntimitii SHltii\'5. $f\ldi9S Of tlt-ft»-tm-.< H.<Rt'S—ll|('Ilt< tit‘ iwh:t\’iur and tt'ninin,r' te<~hniqtm.=. I-Iighth. tht~rt- at-t~ tht-t-<- .~‘tli|]>l‘uit“r‘t> on }mi_\'tJt‘I‘tDh r0.=r~nn"l1. Ninth. thN'(- arv thr<~r- .-=uh|u~<-it-t-t~ mt funding tnvr-hnni,=ms for MK\‘L'l'l{.\'>vxtvrnaiix-st-:11-viiat-tivitivs.

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on research on drugs. toxins, and Tenth. there are six subpi-oject.- of exotic pathogens. and the biologicals in human tissue. pi-ovi.-ion delivery systems. capability to incorporate them in efl'ective three subprojects on activities whose nature Eleventh. there are simply cannot be determined. funding support for un- Twelfth. there are subprojects involving Special Operations Divi- specitietl activities conducted with the Army activity is outlined in Book I of the sion at Fort Iletrich. Md. This Appendix A, pp. connnittee report. pages 388 to

1. (See

Church 68-69). assisted the (‘IA in I'nder (‘IA’s Project l\lK1\'.-X0311. the Army agents and delivery .

maintaining biological developing. testing. and sv.stcm~ for use against humans as well as against animals and crops. subprojects in such areas as the efiects Thirteenth. there are single for ofiensive use. analysis of of electro:-hock. liarassment techniques .~>pra\-s and aerosols. and four extrasensory perception. gas propelled sabotage. subprojects involving crop and material each of the following: blood Fourteenth. one or two subproiects on of animals: energy stor- J3-‘Z grouping research; controlling the activitiesstimulus and response in age and transfer in organic s_vstems; and subprojects canceled before any work biological systeiiis. »

Finally. 15th, there are three laboratory drug screening. re- was done on them having to do withresearch on biologically active search on brain concussion. and materials. discovered material adds Now. let me address how much this newly to the (‘hurch committee and to what has previouslv been reported Health. The answer is basi- to .'\‘enator Kennedv‘s Subcommittee on in principal types of activities included callv additional detail. The to some these documents have for the most part been outlined or described in what was previously available in the extent generallv was supplied by the CIA to the wav of documentation and which Senate investigators. For example. financial disbursement records for the period of 1960 subprojects had been recovered by the to 1964 for T6 of these 149 Ofiice of Finance at (‘I.-\ and were made available to the Church the 1963 Inspector General committee investigators. For example. both the (‘hurch committee report on l\iKI'l.TR.\ made available to mentions electroshock and harass- and the Subcommittee on Health unwitting VS. citizens. the search ment substances. covert testing on for new materials through arrangements with specialists in hospitals Technical Service Division of and universities. and the fact that the the control of human ("IA had initiated 144 subprojects related to behavior. of a 1957 Inspector General For instance also. the relevant section Church committee stafi. and report was also made available to the human assessment and un- for that report discusses the techniques methods of communication. discrediting and disabling ma- orthodox administered. studies on magicians“ arts terials which can be covertlv topics. other similar as applied to covert operation.-". and The most significant new data that has been discovered are. first. who participated in the names of researchers and institutions

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Y\lKl'LTl§.\ ;tmjt~\~t.~. nntl ~""<m-l. a ]u>~.~'ll»l\' itttpt-up:-t~ r-mttrihtttion h\‘ thv ("].\ tn :1 |n"l\':ttt- ittstitutlmt. \\'t- at't- mm in tho p0§.~'('s- Finn wt tltv ttzttttt-~ r\l' 1?’ htm;:n\'t-rtnm-nt t't-.~'t~:|t-<-la-t-.~ and a.=,~i.~"tant.< who :tn- hh'|Hlll\'tl in tho l't't't)\'t‘t't'\l 11mtv|'i:tl alt-alittgg with (ll0S(‘ 149 .~‘tll>|vt1>jt-~~t.~. 'l‘ln-n- aw nlsu ntnm-~’ of N’ in-"1 itntiun~ \\‘ht~t-0 \\‘nrl{ was tlnnv or with \\hi»'h th<-.~t- |>\“1]'l' \\'<l't- athliattal. 'l‘ht- ittstittltinm inf-lutle -H nr ttnlvt-r.=itit.~. 1-'1 rt-.~'t*:m-la fmmtlatimt 011-lmtttlr-:tl or ]>h:n"m:1- r-t>lh~;'t-~ t-until-al vmnpanit-~ ur thv likt-. 1:! hn~']1lt:tl- tn" t-lini<'>". in mltlitinn tn tlm.<~- :|.~'~"<»'i:ttt~~l with thv tttti\'t-r.~'itit'.~. and 3 pt-nztl it1.~tittttir-11-. \\'hlh- tht- ith-ntitlt-~ of wttw of tltt'.~H> pvnplv an-l in.~'titnti0n.~ wt-rt‘ ktatttn pt-t~\-itttt-"l\". thv tll.~t-u\‘t't'\‘ of tht- nt-\\‘ itlt-ntitit-.< :nltl> tn our kt|u\\'lv-l;'t~ of .\l KlL']'](.\. Thv fat-t~ :t- tht~\' |tt't"laht to thv pn.=.~ihl\" itttprupvr r'm1tt'llmtirm nrv (hm pmjt-t-t ih\'nl\"t-\ a t-nntt-ihutitm uf .‘s':‘,T.’»_n()n to h\tihl- a.~ fttlh>\\"~. :t

itttr funtl of |-ri\":tt<- Ittt-tlivztl llhlllllllttll. Thr favt that that mn- :1

tttlttttitm \\':t.~' )H:t|lt- \\:t.~ In-t-\‘itm.<l\' lmn\\"tt. lnth-t-tl. it \\':t.= mt-ntlnm-tl in tht- 19?»? t~t-|»mt of thv l!\—]u-r~t(n' (ivnt-ral on thv 'I‘0t-ltnivnl h't~r\"lt-0 l)i\'l.~inn of ('l.\ that st||wt‘\‘l.~'wl .\lKl'l.Tl§.\. fltul ]>tt'tlI1m1t ]|0I'tlOI1>' nf thi.~ hall ht-uh t't*\"it~wt-tl h\" thv (‘hurt-h t-mnntlttt-t- .=tafi'. Thv 1u~\\"l\" tll.~|'0\‘\'I't'tl man-rial. lmwt-\"(-t-. ||\:ll(('S it t'lP€ll‘ that thi~" vntttrilmtiv-tt \\"a.~ m:ult- thrnu;'h an itttt-rtttt-th:tt~\' \\"hi<'h tmttlv it ml- pm!" In ht- :1 ]>t"i\'ntt~ thmatinn. .\- :1 y>t‘i\":1tt\ tlmmtimt. thv r~m1tril-ntlrm \\':1~ tht-n t||:ttt-ht-tl l'\' Ft-th-lull fn1ul~. Thv in=titutinn \\-:1- not tnado :t\\:n't' of Ihv tt>ut- ~ttn't~ fit tlw gift. Thi.= prnjt-t-t was apprnvc-<l 1"‘ th»- tht-n Din-t-1m" nf ('1-mral Itttt-lll;1<-ttvv nml r-0m*ttt'rt-cl in h\' (‘I.\'.= tu]\ m:tn:t<'t-ttu-nt int-ln-hn'' tht- thou Gt-n4-t':\l ('0un§<~l. who wrote an ophtitm .~t||t|mt'tlIt4' th~- l('£.'tlll\' of the vnntrilmtinn. 'l'h|- rt-t-t-ntl\' tli~~-u\"t~t-ml tlu-~ntn<-nt.= also givn g1‘PatPr in.=i;_*ht into

tht- .~t~<t|»t- Hi‘ thv tut\\'ittitt}' 1t:ttm~<- nftho <lt'1tgtt:~tittg. hut r~nntribntt~ htth- nt<m~ than that. \\'t~ mm thrhfl\'(‘<'nt'l'nhm':ttih;1tltfO!‘1l‘lfltlOtt that .~mnt\ of tht- nn\\ itting: tlrttg t(*.=tiIt;,1 \\‘a.< onrrit-tl nut in what is knnwn in tht- iutt-lli;gt-n~-t- tratlt» :1.» .~:\f<\ lmn.~"<>- in Fttn Frnnr~i.-vn and in New Ymlt (‘it\'. ant] wv ha\"<~ itlt-ntifit-ll that three ituli\-itlttnls were in- vnlvvtl in this t|n~lt1't:|kin::. \\"ltt~t't-tts \\"t- pt-0\'i0n.=l\' !‘('|mt'tt'tl tlwrt- was (mlv mm pt-t'.~utt. \\'t- :|l~"n knnu" nmt that smno unwitting t¢>.=tln;' took plavo rm l‘Tlt‘Hl- nal .~t-xuul p.~\"<-ltnp:\tlt.~ t-nnfinvtl at n Stan‘ ltns|>ital and that addi- tirm:tll\' rt-t~t-tttw-lt \v=t.< thmv rm n knot-knut or K drug: in parallel with tn th-u-lnp palnklllt-r.~ Tm" v:mt-m- patimtt» 1'4-.~t-:n---lt - Tht--<-. thvn. arv thv |n'im'i1»al fin-ling~ itlmttifit-tl to tlntv in our ro- vlt-\\' of thi- I'('1'fl\'\'l'(“<l matwinl. -\.< nntt-tl <'nt'livr. \\'t- h<lit-\'t- tho (lo-

tail mt tlw itlvntitit-.< of t'e=.~P:|t't'l)tt‘.< aml ittstittttinn; i|t\‘0l\'t~tl in Fl \ th-ng anti ht-lt:t\‘inr:tl ttmtlifimttiott t'0.~‘t-at'r‘lt i.= It new sttttttstvt-sltiyt 01' oh-mt-nt antl (mo whit-h |m.~t-~ :t t'nt|<lth-t':thlt prnhlot1t.Mn.<t of tho poo- plv aml in~titutinn~ ln\'nl\'l<l wt-rt‘ not a\\':n-t» of (“IA §|>nn.~nr.~ltin. \\'<- Shtmhl t~t\t't:tinl\' tl~~Htm' that Ihv 1-(went-t-ltt-t-.< antl in.=titutim\.= \\'hit‘h mnpt-t':ttt-tl with (‘].\ mt a witting l|:t.<i.~" avtotl in gnntl faith nntl in tlm lwlivf that tho)" \\~e>n- :tltlin;§ tht-lr Gn\'t-rnmvnt in :1 lv;'ltitnatt- mttl ]‘tY‘fi]!\l' \Illl']tu<P, T lmlh-w that \vt- all ltnrv :1 nmrztl nltligntintt tn tht-sv t'<~soar<~ltet'.= aml institntimt~ tn |>)'ntt~Pt tht-tn ft-mu any unjt1.<tifit\tl I-|nlmrra.=.=n1t~nt

Page 16

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or tlamage to their 1-e]111tatio11< whieh I‘('\'t'l:lllOll of their itlentitiee

might hi-ing. In aaltlitinn. l lI2l\'t' legalohlig:1tin11ui11le1"theI’ri\'aey :1

.\<-1 not to pnhlit-l\' (list-lo.<»e t11e natm-.~ of tl1e lntlI\‘l(lll3l 1-esearcliers without tllt-ll'('O1l.~t'lll. 'I'hi~ is e>']1er-iall‘\' true. of 1-our.~e for tho.~'e re.'~"earelier.< and institu- tion~ whit-l1 were u11\\'ittin,-; |1at'ti¢'i]1:n1t~' in (‘IA .<]>on.=ored aeti\'itie=.

.\'o11etl1ele<.<. Mr. (‘l1air1na11.I eel-tai11l\ reeogliize tl1e right and the neetl of hoth the $en:1te >'ele1-t (‘onnnittee on Intelligence and the S1-it-11tifi¢~ Ii(‘St'flI‘('ll to investigate .\'e11:11e .<11h<-oniniittee o11 llealth and \"on consider the 1-in-11111.-t:1nee~" of the.-e {\<‘li\'ilie.~' in \\'l1ate\'er detail 11e1-e~~:n'\'. I am p1'o\"i1li11;'your4-o1n111ittee with all of the documenta- tion. i11el111li|1,g all of the names. on a <‘l:1~‘~‘ifie(l l1a=i.=. I hope that this will favilitate your in\"e=ti;'r1tion while .=till ]1r(1te('til1;' the individuals and the i|1.=tit11tim1< iIl\'0l\t'1l. Let me einpliasize a;'ain that the Ml(l'I.TR.-\ e\'ent= are 12 to 111 \‘ear.< in the pa>'l. and I a.=.<11re \'m| that (‘I.\ is in no way engaged either \\"itti11g or nnwitti1i;'te.<ting ot'<lr11g'.=t0da\'. .~\ttorne\" General on this Finall\'. I am working ('l<1\1-l\‘ with the matter. \\'e are making: availahle to the .\ttorney General whatever iimn-1-i;|l§ ]](\ mnv (leem nt~('e~'.~':iI‘\' to an\' in\“e.<ti,qation.= that he may eleet to 111i<lei'tal<e. Iie\'on<l that. we are also worltin,-;r with the Attorney (ieneral to detertnine whether it is praetieahle from this new evidence to ith-11tif\" any of the pet-son.= to \\'llfllll (lr11,''~" may have been admin- \\'e have i.<tet'etl 1111“-itti11;vl\~. Xo .-111-l1 nanu-< fl1'1~J)fl1‘l of these records. nut itlt-ntifietl the i111l-i\'ith1al.-‘ to \\-lion: <lr11;;.~ were a<lmini.=tered. but \\'e are tr\"i11,¢ now to tleterlttllle if there are adequate elnes to lead to their itlentitir-ation. and if 1-o how hest to go ahout fulfilling the Gov- e1'n111ent'> re.'~"]1on=ihilitie.= in thi~ n1:1tter. '.\lr. (‘l1ai1'1nan. a.= we ])l‘0r‘((‘tI with that |11~oee.=.< of attempting to the indi\"i1l11:1l.~' and tl1en ¢letern1i11in,r* what is our proper re- i<l<-ntif\' #|1on.~‘il1ilit\' to them. I will keep hoth of the.=e eomniittees fully ad- \'i.-erl. I thank you. Flt‘. .\'en:1to1' I.\'n1'\'1:. Thank you \~e1'\' mneh. .-Xdmiral Turner. Your Spirit of eooperation is nmeh ap|m-eiatetl. I would like to announce to tl1e eonnnittee tl1at in order to give every inemher an opportlinity to |1a1-tieipate in this l1eari11g. that we would set a time limit of 10 minutes per Renator. .\tl1niral Tnrlier. |1lea.=e ,¢vi\"e this r-onnnittee the gene.=is of .\IKI'I, TI{.\. \\'ho or wl1:1t eomniittee o1~eon1n1i-iot1 or agent-\' was re.=pon.=i- hle for (l1-ea111in': up this grandiose and .=ini=ter projeet. and why wa.= it 11eee.=.~ar\'? \\'hat i.~ the rationale or j\1=tifit':1ti0n for sneh a projeet and wa~tl1eI’re:~'i<lent of the l'nitetl .\'tate~" aware of thi~"? .\1l111i|'al 'I"t'|:.\'1:1:. Mr. (‘l1airma11. I an1 going to ask .\lt'. Ilrody on 1n\" right. who i~" a long-ti111e meniher of tl1e (‘I.\ to atldt-e.=:- that in lI|0t'1- detail. I heliere e\'e1'\'tl1in_g: that we know ahont the gene.<i.= was

turned over to the (‘hurelt 1-m11111ittee aml is 1'm1l:1iHetl in that ma- terial. B:1<ieall\'. it \\'a;~" a (‘I.-\-initiatetl |\!‘ujeet. It started out of a eoneern of our hein;' taken ad\":1ntage of hi" other powers who would u~e <lrn£:~" a;':1in.=t our per~utn1el. antl it \\‘a>' ap|1|'o\'e1l in the Agenev. I have asked the question \'o11 in.=t a.<l-zed me. and have been a.=.=ured that there is no e\"i<lenee within the .\1'ent-_\" of any in\-olvement at higher eehelon.=. the \\'hite IIm1.-e. for instanee. or speeifie approval. That does not say there was not. hut we have no sneh evidence.

“ta 4"!‘ " “ 3

iriizdi

it *

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Mr. ]irn<l\', wonhl you a|nplit'\' on 1n\' ooniniont~ thoro. ploaso? M1". ]~h:u|n'. .\tr. ('haii'nian. 1 roall\' ha\'o \'or\' littlo to athl to that. 'l‘n1n\' kno\\"l1-tl;,!o.thoro \\'a.< no l’ro.~i<h-ntial l(Ht>\\’lo(l;'o of this proj- oot at tho lilnt‘. It wa~" a ('l.\ tirojoot. anti as tho znhniral saitl, it was a |il'ui|-rt th-.~‘i;.'|u-d to attompt to oountoraot what wa~ thon thought to ho :1 ~oi inl|.~‘ throat l|_\'(IlH'('Ht'H|l\‘>()fllFlll}1(ll'll;I>1t;1HlH>l 11>. .\Io.~'t of what ol.<o wo know about it i= in tho Sonato (‘hnroh ooininitteo roport.

'onator l.\'m‘n:. \\'ot'o tho anthn|'i'/.otl 1lIt'1||l>ol'.< of tho (‘0n;_rre.=:~'

m:t<lt-:1\\aronftl1ispi'(iiot't thmn;'h tho lm<l;:otar_\" pro<-os.=? ll lheomz \\'o ha \"o no knowlotlgo of that. Sir. 1'.

.\'ona1tu" l.\'1H‘YE. .-\.ro you .<n;:go.~ting that it \\'fl.\‘ intontionally kept fl\\'1l\' fruln tho (‘n|i;'ro.~.~ ainl tho l’ro.~'i<h-nt of tho l'nitotl .\'tato.~?

.\|hniral Ti n\"i:|:. .\'o. sir. \\'o aro only sa\'ing that wo have no ovi- donoo trllv way or tho otlu-1' a.= to whothor tho (‘n|i;'i-o.~:< wa.~ inftmnod of thi< partionl:n' proioot. Thoro aro no rot-oi'rl~ to iinlioato. .\'ol\:ltut‘ ].\‘ul‘\'};. Athniral Turnor. aro you |>o1'.~on:|lly .=ati.=fiod by aotual in\o>"ti;3atimi that thi~ nowl\' tli~'on\'ol'o|l inforniation was not intont ionallv kt-|»t a\\a\' from tho .'\'onat(-of tho Ilnitocl .<tatt-F? .\<lmit‘:ll 'l't"|:\"i:i:. I ha\'o no wa\' to provo that. sir. That is m\' con-

j viot ion from o\'o|'\"thin,''l havo soon of it. .\'onatm' Iva H1. .\'o\\. wo ha\'o he-on arlvisotl that tht-so doonmonts woi-o initially tli.—¢'n\oI‘o1l in Mai-oli of thi.~ \‘1-ar. ainl you woro notifiod in Julynfthi~yoa1'. or Juno of thi~ yoar. and tho onnnnittoo was noti- fiotl in .lul\". (‘an yon toll n.~' \\'h\' tho l)it'o<'tm' of (‘outral Tntolligonco wa~ Imtifiotl Ii n»<u|th.< attor its‘ initial (li.~t'0\‘('!’\'. wh\‘ tho rlolay? .\~hnn~ul 'l‘i"|:\+;|:. Yos. sir. .\ll thi~‘ startotl with .~o\'oral Froodmu of ]HftH'1Ii:ltlnH .\ot i-oquo~"t.<. and Mr. Lauhin,rvor on myloft was tho in- tlivitlnal who took it upon hi|u~olf to |mr.~"iu= th--~o I‘t"t]llt‘.\‘t.= with great tliligt-iii-o. an-l got pori||i.~".~ion to go to tho Rotirotl ltot-or<l.~ (‘onton and thon nuulo tho <tooi.=inn tn look not only unclor what would he tho ex- poototl -nhjoot filos. hut tl|I'0ll,2’ll on-i'\' filo with whioh tho hranoh that. ('0HtlllI‘lt'tl this t\'|»o of aotivit\' llfltl am" onnooivahlo oonnoction. \'or\" lato in .\I=n'oh. ho tlisoovorotl tho.~'o .~"o\'on hnxos. llo arrangzod to haw thoin .~"hi]»po<l from tho Rotirotl I§oom'|l.~ (‘ontor to \\'a=hin,¢'- ton. In ml!‘ lll'iltlt]H:lI'lt't'.\. Tho)‘ arrivotl in oarl\' .\pI'il. Ilo :nl\'i;~o<l his apln-u]n'iato .<n1ro!'im'.~‘. who askotl him how long ho thought it would tako him to go thrnu;'h tho.~o anrl soroon thoni a]»pi"o1u‘iatel\' clear thom for l"roo:lu|n of lnforination .\ot roloa.~"o. Thoro aro. wo m'i;;inall\' o.~"t iniatocl. 5,01 It! pa;:o~" horo. \\'o now think i

that wa.~ an ll|nlot'o.~tiIlH\tinI| and it lII:l\‘ ho olo.~"or to t~.t"'tl pa;'o.=. Ho o.<ti1nato<l it wouhl tako ahont -L1 tlavs or into tho niithllo of May to (lo that. llo wa~ tnhl to ]n'm'ootl. and :|~ ho tlitl “o thoro wa~" nothing i Illl<'()\'t‘l't'tl in tho hogiunin; of tho.~o 149 oa.<o.= that a1\]toat‘1-tl pm-tiou-

larl\' .~'tat'tli|ig or partionlarl\" a<l<liti\'o to tho l{n0\\‘lotl;_'o that hart al- r

rt-:nl\" hoon ;'i\'on to tho (‘lniroh oounnittoe. soino tlotail.~'. hut no major l't‘\‘t'l;lll()H.<.

llo and hi» n.<.~'n 'iato> ]i|‘m‘ot-(loll with <lolihoratono.=.-. hut not a groat .=on<oof m';'onr~_\'. Thoro woro othor intort'orin;; aoti\'itio< that oamo illlll<l|'|ll:lHtl1'tll|i~til|H':ll§u.llt'\\‘:l#lH)t ahlo to put 100 ]\(‘l‘t'Pllt of his tinio on it. and thoro tlitl nut ap|>o.-n- tn ho oan~o for a grout ru.~"h horo. \\'o woro tr\'in;: tn ho I't‘~|NHb~l\t' to tho 1-"rootluin of Information Act rt-t|||o,<t within tho lin|it.< of our |nan|»owor and our |n'i0t'itio.'~‘.

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In e-a1'i\' June. hom-\'t-1". h<- (ii.-t-on-1'1-ti t\\‘o 1:1-ojvt-ts, tho one related to ]{ lil'I\;1~ amt th<- mw rt-Ian-ti to th~- fun<iin;'at thv institution. and 1't-aii/.1-ti il|H|u~(ii:tIt'i_\' that ht» hat] sul-~tantial nt-\\" information, and

hv innnt--iiatt~i\' l't']ml'tt'ti this In his sn]>v|'iur.~. T\\'n at-tions \\'--to tal-11-11. Hm was to notify thv ]a\\*yv|"s of tho prin- t-i]>ai ]"|'t-mi->ni of ]||ftH'lll2l1i(Hl .\<‘t 1'w;|u».~t0r that \\"t~ would have silh- stantzai nt~\\' matvriai am! that it wouhl ht» fot'thr~mnin;' as rapitliy as po»-"ihh~. and thv sot-onli was tn start a mt-moranthtm up thv chain that i|1<iit';|tt-ti his in-lit-f that we shonhl notify thv St-11:|tt-Svltwt (‘om- 1nittt-t- on ]11tt-iiigt-n<~v of this t]i.~l'()\'(']'\' ht-t-anst- of tho t-hat"ar-tt-r at 1t>a.'~;t of tht-.~<- two riot-ntnc-nts. .\~ that pt-at-t-t-tivti up from tho Iltth of Juno. at oar-h or-hoion we had to go th1‘on;'h thv lv;'ai ofiit-t-. tht- h-;:is|ati\'t- liaison oflivv ant] at Par-h 0--in-hm Zlimlll thv sanw qnt-stion was fl.~i{t‘li of him: Have you £0710 thron‘-:h aii of this. so that wht-n we notify thv .'\'<-natv S0101-t (mn- mittw we tin not notify half of thv itnpm-tant 1-vlt>\'atimi.= and not the othvr half? Tin» last thing I want. .\lr. ('hair1nan. is in any way to ho on any topit-. givvthoa]>]>:-:n-ant-t»0n any tnlrit-nfla-it|;'I1-t~ait‘itraI1t. rt-lat-tant. or ha\'in;' to haw you drag: things out of mo. and my sub- nrthnatt-s. nnwh to my ph-a~’ut-1-. had 0a"h askr-<1. have you really gone th1"on;'h thvsv r~.lNtH pages onouggh to know that we are not going to nn<'o\'t-r a homhsht-ii down at tho hnttmn? By ]€\i\' Jam-. ahont thv ‘'\th. this prot-(.'ss rvaclwd my deputy. He notitit-11 nn- aftvr his rt-\'it-w of it on tho Tth of July. whivh is the first I km-w of it. 1 ht-;.-tn 1':-a¢iin;' into it. 1 askml tho same probing ques- tion tlin-t-tly. 1 tht-n notifimi my .-t|pvrio|"s. and on the 15th dvliwrml to you my It-ttt-r ivtting yon know that wv hall this. and we have been \\"o|"i;in;'. many pvnplo. many hon:-.~ sim-e th<-n. to he sure that what we aw tviiin;' yon totiay (iflvs in\'in~h all the rvhwant matvriai. .\'t-nator I\"¢-rni. I wonhi iikv to t~(nnI|\Pn¢i Mr. Lanhin;'m~ for his tii|i~n-In-P anti t-xpt~rti.~t-. hnt was this tliiigt-twv thv rt-snit of thv Freo- than of lllfurllltlfiult .\<-t or t-unhi thi~ diii;'<-nt-o haw hm-n oxvtriseti tiltl'il|'' tht- (‘hm-t-h ht':n'in;'~? \\'h\" \\'a~ it not vxot-vised?

.\-hnirai Tr|:xi=|:. '|‘hm-t- is nu t|tlt'~'timl that thvor<~tivaii\" this dili- ;'<-n-—t- t~ouH haw hm-n t-xt-rt-i.-t-tl at any tinw. and it may wail he that

tht- F|‘\-mhnu of Infurtaatitm .\<-t has madv us 1nort- aware of this. \\'nnhI \‘u1l s]»<-ah for ymn'~<-if. ph-a~t~. .\lr. 1..\t'|'.t\'m:n. I t-t~ail\' thnft attrilmtv it. Svnator. to diligence F0 nun--h as tlan-aw'!in<~ss. If you t-an imaginv the pm-s.~t1t't=s nndvr an (H-:r;|||i'/‘;|ti(||] I|'\‘i|)§' ‘H ]'\‘.~]|lIIHi. \\'ilit'iI 1 tililtk ‘IN’ (‘I.\ (“(1 HI Th("'i"1(‘ nf1||t- (‘h]]|'I'i| 1-o1nn|ittt'vi|t':tI'in£~.th<- haii\\"ay.~ of thv floor I on am “(.1-t. fut] of IMM-~ fruit! ntll‘ |-t-t-unis <1-tm-t". ]‘I\'t-t'y box that anyone thought t-nnhi lmssihly vuntain anything \\'il.~ t-aihai up for st-ar('h. It \\‘:|~ ono of a frantiv t"fi'n|‘t to t'n|n|>i\'. \\'ht-n thv ]n"t--sn|"t- of that sit||;\tiut| ¢<ml~ tin\\'lt. and you r-an start innhit\:' at thin;'~ S‘\'~'Yt'I|I2Ili\‘ilii\'. \'ulI :\t'<~ apt tn find thin;s that yon \\-nui.]a't nn<1t-|~tht- hvat of a \'I'il.~it |n'n<'r:|||l.:\tni that is what lm|\]>em-ti h UH‘. .\\~n:|tm- ]\o1".'r;.- Thank yon u-r\' IlHl<'it. .\'vnator KPntw<i\'?

‘t-natnr K|=.,\x\1;m". .\<iniitai 'l‘nt'nt~i~. this is an t-n<n'tnunsiy <listr:c*.<s-

i|i;,3rt-1ml‘t that you giw tn tho \nu-rit-an (‘onyx-0-~ and to tho .»\|nm'n'an la-t>;»1v tmitl\'. (irann-ti. it hap|»t-nt-timany _\'t-ars ago. but what we are

. I

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]):tFiI‘:lH\‘ tnH<in;' ahnnt i.~nn :tr"ti\'it\‘ whivh tnnk plat-e in the c0untt‘\' that |n\u]\"('t] mm“ ()f our ouf. thv ]it'l'\'t'l"St(|ll Ztllttl thv r'r)t'l'u|itinn nf st:m<hn;'rt-><~:m-h (‘l'H|\"!'.- in lhl~t't)ll|I1l'\'. with (‘IA fnntl.l. where some of um‘ mi» I't‘.~(‘llI't'ill‘|':L \\'t-n- un\\‘ittin;'i\' in\'nt\'mi in r<>:~var<~h Span- sort-st h\' thr .\,~'v1h'\' In whirh thv\' haul nu knn\\~h-<l;g<- qf thy hack- grnnin] urlhv .=n|>i>urt fur, .\hn-h1»f it \\"a.~ tlnnv with .\tll(‘l'h'ttH viti1.<~n.< who worn t‘Ol’11ph't€i\‘ HI|i{hu'~\lI|,1f in tt-t'n|> nf takin;' \'2H'ttl\l> drn;vs. and lht-rt‘ arv perhaiis any iiumtwr of .\l|l\‘l‘it't\h.\' \\'h<> arr \\'alkin;' arlminl tmhw on the east ma.-‘t or \\'o.~"t ma~t \\'])()\\'(‘l'l‘;'i\‘('Ilt1l'l|2'F- with all tin» ].;in<i< Qfp1i\-=i(~g1] and p~’\‘vhnh>','it-at d:una;:<- that can I-v ('.1H|$(‘\]. We have gnno oi-oi‘ that in \'(*r\' t':ti'i~fttl th-tail. and it i.~ signitivant and st-vt-re iintwtt. I tho nnt know what t-nnhl lw thniu in It-<_- th-1|mt'r:1tit‘ vmintrv :1

that \\-nnhl hr inurv alivn tnmtl'u\\'1) Y)'tl|]j'i"H than wa.~ rt=aU\~ tlmie in 1],§< |);]1'|‘u\\' area. and a.- \*nn' ;'i\‘v thi~ rt-port to the ('0lI|l1liTl(*(‘. I wmihl likv tn gt-t smnv st-i|~"v uf \'unr own (‘OI\('('I‘II about this typo ‘of m‘ti\'it\‘. mu] hnw \"nu t‘('nr't. ha \'in;' a.~<tiiii0(] thi~' in|pm't:'|nt rt-sprm.'<ihi]- itv with thv miifittt-tin» of I’1"t-.~"i<l<-tit Carter and tho ()\'Pl'\\'h(*hlli1l§' snppm-1. nli\~imi~t\'. of tlie,(‘mi;'i-<-.~.-. mnh-r this wt of rii'riiiii.=taiiver=. I did not gt-t nmrh of :1 fvviing in 1'1-\'io\\"in;: \'onr statonmnt hero this mm'nin;: Hf tho kind of ahhnrn=iir'<- tn thi> t\']K‘ of past n<-ti\'it\' which T think thv .\|n0ri<-an ]1(*nph~ wnnht r't\i'tainIv dt-plorv and which I hvlit-\'<~ that \'OH do. hut mnht \'()H t-mmm-nt upon that question, and also pm‘ha]»~ gin‘ n.- what ith-a;~ \'uH haw to in.<ui-v that it cannot happen a;':iin? Attniirat Tt'|\’.\'I~‘.lt. .~'miat~-r Kt-nm-J\". it istntatlyah1|ni'r0nt tn mo to think of u~"in;' human ht-ing a.~" a ;,{Hi1\(‘:\ nigaint in any \\'a_\' jt-n|mt'<tiz- :1

ing hi~ Iifv and hi~ ht-ahh. nu ln:lHt'I' hnw great thv t-aim-. I am not ]H‘I‘t‘ tn pa.~.~ jinl;'int-nt mi ni_\- pi-1-tha-t-~.-iii-.=. hut 1 van a.=~ni'0 you that

thi~ is mtaHyhv\'nin1 thv ]mh- nf n1\' t-mitt-|n]wh|timi of :tt‘ti\‘itir-s that tho ('l.\ or any ntht-r nf our int<-Hi;'<-n<-t- :i;:t~m-it-.< ,~hnnhl unttortake. I ant tal;in;: and haw talv-n \\'h:\t I 1»:-livw ilI'\‘ :\'h'<|lI=lh' -*i<‘]I= $0 insnrv that ~11:-h thin;~~:n'v nut wontiin1in;gtmhi)'. Si-iirnnr KF,.\.\'IIhY. (‘nnht \nn tt-H u~ :1 tittlv hit ahnnt that? .\rhnir:i1 Tt"t:\"i:|:. I ha u~ {l~kt't] fur a .~=|w<-i:|t |'v1HH't :|>~iii'iiiy' IHI‘ that th0i'v:1n-nr>(ti-ngg at-1 i\'it t-xtant. that is. drug :l\'ti\‘itit':~' that in\"0l\'<= it-.~t

t~x|»t-1'i1nt-ntatinn. (It-\imi~t\‘. \\"\~ t't|ih't‘l iiitt-Hi;'1-in-t~ ahnnt th-u,~'~* and drug n~i- in ntlivr 1-mintrit-~. hut t)lt‘l‘£:|_I1‘_3)()t"XLEtL1‘i)]lCl-\1i-llitllifl -... bojnfi‘ .

4-niuhivtt-it h\"tht-('1-iiti-at tiiti-Hi;;t-twv.\;:t-m')'.:ltn I h:1\‘t- hat 1 a.~pt-1-la r'h‘t-v1< |t\1|\‘il’.ltt‘l'ilIl~'(‘ nf annth--r im-ith-nt that \\"a~ titi<'n\-on-it .~'fiHl(’ \‘<»ar.= agn ahnnt thv HI\2llHiIl\l‘i7.\'\l l'I'U‘l|tit\H of Mllltt‘ tuxiv 1iiat\~ri:\i- at thv (‘l.\. I haw halt an zsvtnai iii~]-wtit-ii tn:|\h- nf Tin‘ .~tui-a;:e pI:n~v~ and thv I'('t‘!iih':ITiHlt frnin th:- pt-u|>h- in t-Ii:irgt- of Iht)~|' that tlmrv art‘ no 2-tt<‘h vhl-ini<-at hinIu;'it-at niatt-ri:|t~ ]tl'(’~t‘ttI in ourkm-1>iIi;1.:1inl 1 haw‘ i.~sm-<1 <-wprt-.~.~ urth-t'~ that that <haH nut hr thv t'a.~v. ltvyninl that. 1 haw tn rt-l\" in l:n';'t- lI|\‘:t~'\\I‘t" on my >0!)-‘t‘ of vom- niaint and (]tI‘t-Vtiflll nf thv ]!|'1l]l]\‘ ant! tht-ir kmm h~-t<'i- nf thv attitude Ihavv iu~t t~x]>n--.-mt 1u\‘nH in thi~ n-;':n'<l. h'<-|iatm' Kl-T\'\'|-i|I\'. I think that i- \t~r\' t-tannwintzihhz .~\thnir:1t 'l't"n.\'i~:|:. Thank \'u\l. sit‘. St-iiatnr l(i;.\'xi:m'. 1 think it i~iin|»ni'ta1it that thv \nn-rii-an pt-npie 1\l)|h'I‘\t;IHti that.

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Ynn kn<»\\' mm-It of tht- rt--t-:m-It whit-it is our arva of intt=rc-.=t that th<- .\;'t-nv\' and thv \vhnh> iI|\'ni\‘mi .=t»qut-nl-0 of at‘- \\';1~ ht>in1' <l<>m- h_\'

(lmw by tho Agmu-v ] am t-onvim-t-ti vonid haw hvon done in ‘a ti\'i\'i(‘-5

h~;ritinmtt- \\":t\' thrmtgh tho rt-.~t-:m-h pr0;:t':n|t.~ uf thv .\'atimm) In.<ti- tntt-_~‘ nf .\h-ntai Ht-aith. Ot]it'l‘.~]mti.<nl't'ti:\t'li\'t1tt'>.I\l1(‘€lfl.tht1t is somo

nthvr (|ut'~th'm. hut 1 think \'nu wt-nt tn an awful int of trouble. \\"ht‘!'€ tl1<-.~t-tlti1t;r- 1-mild have ht-1-11. Lot nw :1:-k you spt-t~ifi<-:tii\". on tho fuiluwup of MKFLTRA. are t]1P]"t\ 11n\\'——] think \'mt haw :tn.~\\'t-rt-ti. hut I \\"zmt tn got :1 mtnph-to m|<\\'(=1' gglpfllll any oq»t'riim>nt:ttinm that :tr'v1x*i11g<ltnw mt human bo- ing.-. \\"]u~thvt~ it i.~ th"u;r tn‘ ht-h:\\"im-:tl nitt-1-at1un- or patt0rn- or mt}- .~n|t|m11 (-itht-1' ttit-vi-ti\' or i|1t]tt‘t'<'ti\' ht-tut; |n-0\'1tlt'ti h\" the .\;'vtt(')' 1|! tt-rm- nfanyPx]w1"i1nt~11t:1thm on ]ni||t:t1tiwttt,='§". mt hnmmt _

\thttit'uI'l't"1:x1»11:.l]'I|<;t~t-iltu,1-rqtt-ritn--|tt:tttut]\\'tthth~ng- ht-i1L;r~ wittjngrn-tn1\\'§ttlngilwing t-mt-hi-'1t-tntt :nt_\"‘\\':|\'. 7 t

'51-n:ttm' l{1~;.\'.\'1-;m'. AH l'i;1hI.()l'|Il'ii|;1>lll>]IUl'It-ti tin“?-rtiy? mm \'nu 1-nntnu-ti-11 nut? .\<hni1'at 'i't‘1:x1:|:. ()1-iwing in :m\" \\':\\' .<\\]v|\n1't<-ti. .\'4-mttm‘ ](l-I\‘.\'lI|>\'. All ri'-ht. Hmt nhuut thv |mmh'n;' t.\'|>t'1‘inwnta- £- tion mil‘ ("mmttitu-t- h:t.~ >tt~ll--]t>)'t'hu>lll‘;1t'l')‘, for ex:nn1>h-, or psy- t-hnht;'iv:ii 1-1--t-:11-t-11'?

Attmit-at Tn:.\"1:t:. \\'t- :n"t- t-mtti|m:tH‘\' in\"ni\'t-tt in what we (‘ail as- ,=t-.=-mvnt of h0h.'l\'hn'. Fur in.<=t:m4't'. “-4- in-v trying to vozttinttaliy im~ ]n't»\'t- um‘ ]mi\‘;'t':t]>h ]n'm~t~<h1|'t~.~ tn. _\'nn know. at-.~t~.~.~ \\'hr-tho!‘ ]W1‘.~'H\\ :\

i.~ ]\"in;' ur nut. 'l‘hi~ <hn'~ not iH\'u]\‘t any ttzmpt-ring: with tho individ- ual htttly. 'I‘hi~ in\-ttivt-~ .~tu<l\'in;' 1't>t'm"-I» of |>0n]\iv'.~' ht>ha\'im' unttt1' thtil-rmtt <-ir<-mn.~"t:\n<-<-.<. and >0 mt. hut it i.< not an oxperinwntal thing. Haw I th-~<-riht-ti that :11-<t1|':\tt~i_\'. Al? .\h".1i|:nm'. Y4-t<. Sottzttnr K1-:x\'1:m. \\'t-II. it i.~' litnitml tuthmv art-a.-i? .»\thnir:i1 TU|:.\'rt1:. Y0.-: it ticms Hut in\'nl\"t> tltt(‘III]ltiIl§" to m0(iif\‘ be- havior. It only in\'nl\'t\.~" >'tml\‘i11;' hvh:1\'irn~ t-mniitirm.~. hut not trying to ."tvti\'<~i\‘ m0tlif\' it. :\~ \\-a< rmv uf tho tthjt-<ti\'t-.-W of MI{('I.TI{\. Svlmtnr K1;.\'.\'1:m‘. \\'t-ii. \\'t- zn-v .~t~:n't'e on timv. hut 1 in;t~r0stt=d am in thv nthvr :tr0:t< l><-;<i<h»- pni\";'|":||»h \\hvt"t~ you nrv tlning it. Maybe \'tm 1-an t-ithvr rt--pnmi nmv tn‘ .~ulnnit it fnrthort-mrt1.ifym1 would dn that. \\'nuIti _\'ntl 1Im\'ith~ that fn1'tl1t-1'1-00111? .v\tim31-at Tl'IL\'lIIt. Yt.~'. ['l'lu-1n:|tt-1'i:ti on p.~"\'t-lmlnggit-:1] il.~.—'t'.~.~IHt‘Iil.~ foHo\\-:~" 1] l’.~‘\'thHI<\::it'nl n.-.=t~.~.\-mitt-i\t.~ :1rt- 1u~rt'<-rim-11 :l.~' tl @~"vr\'iv¢- to otfit-ers in tho npera- ti<\n~ dirt-t-tur:1tr who rt-t-rnit and ~»r lmmih- :u:ent.-. Ext-4-pt fur pouplv in\'0l\-t-it in tminin-_' 1-min--.-. th~~ sin!-‘it-t-|~ of tin» :l.~~'e'~.~'nu-t|i.~ nrv fnrvizn lintitufiqls. Thv :|»<~~<:|ttx:t.< are lZtllP1'£iH\‘ timw tn tlett-rmitw the most sut-r~es.<t‘ut tactir to persuadv lhv .~lIhj|-1'! tn :\<~rt>|»t t'n\'M‘t 1-m||h>\'uu-nt I-\' tlw nut! tn PIA. appraisal Hf make an his rt-liahility fllltlIl'\]Ulfl1llI<'.~'~'. A mnj|rrit\' of lhv \\nrk is dtmv I-\ n rrtnff Hf traim-d 1N=\‘l'l|n)0,t.'i.wt.~‘ 501119 Of \\'hnHi :|r¢- .<t:ttimnd n\'t'r~'t':l~'. 'i‘ht- n.~'.\1',~‘.~'|||t'ltI~’ tho) tl-- mny he eitlu-r dirwt nr indirwt. liirt-vt a.<.<<-.<.<1tn-tits in\'ulu- a |u-r.~un=tt interview of the .=ubje0t by the !'\\--im]t»gi.-t \\'h--n |m~~il»lt- the .~uhi|-vi is :|.~"iu~ti to <-t-!n]\h'lt- II fnrmul "inte-ili~ 21'“--P tt-st" whit-h i-' |N‘t\l=I1l.\' ti di.~gui.<t-ti }Is\'t'|)u]~|t.'it'fl1 tP.~'I, lndividmtls being arr nut ::i\o~n tiru;.'~; twr :n~v tlw\ .~‘tlhiv<'tc'ti In pi|\".<it~:il lt:'tr:t~'~mt>t|t tvr :l<.~<~~~t-'1 tl-rttm-, \\'hm opt-r:ttin'' 1'-nmlitinu< =m- .-tn-h tlmt :1 fall-0~tt\-ftlrv int9r\‘i»\\' is nut I""~“'|~'~ HM’ 1v~=\<'lwi<~2i~'I 1u:t\" tin mt imlirt-t'l n\xt~s.~'!||l‘l|Y. usint; as sum-4-9 mn- H~ri=li< ti¢'~"~'ri1vti1~i1~ of elm .-tn~tw-t h\ mm-r.~, i|1tvr\'iP\\'s with people who knuw him, .=]wt'i1l|Plxs of his \\‘riti1tg>z t-tv.

Page 21

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'.l.‘ho othor ]).\'}t'llHltl].'lt'ill BS-S'('S5lllt'Ill.\ in\"ol\"e littutlwritiug ann|v.<is or graph0- logioul u.~~o.\~'|ut'l|t, Tho uorlt i.~ dt-no l-\ :1 paiir of truiuod griipli-vl<»gist.<, assisted 'l‘ho\' gt-m-r:tllv rt-quire at least by A1 .~u.iull lllllul»t'l' of ino;i>-urouiont lt't‘ltlllI‘lillt>'. a ]Iu;;n~ of |ll|ll(l\\I'lllt'll .<<'ript hy tho .\'lllIj(+t't. .\lo;t.-\1reiuo1it~" are wade of about Ittl tlillon-til writing ('llilI';|t'lt'l‘l>'ll\'.\', and lht-so uro chartod and furnished to the gI'3}IlllllHj(l.\l for 1ls.~t.-.\s|iiolit>. '1'ho p.~\<-lmltq;i.~t~ ul.~<- gno t-otit'.~'o.~ in p.-\\-hol-igioul to group of tt.~'.\'t-.\~']_|1e|il

opt-rutit-n.~ trliict-r.~', to sharpen thoir own cupul>ilitio.~; lu sizo up ]n'()p|t- A5 purl of the truiiiiin: u~ur.-o. tho iustrut-tor dm-.~ at p.<\'t-hologiozil llS$t'.\‘aUlPlll 01' each student. The students uro witting partioipanta, and result; are discUS5ed with thorn. u.~".~'o.-.~"iuoiit.~ uro only u service lt. is important to roiteruto that psyoliologioail to tho U]K‘!'illlIlll.~ uthoor<. ln the huul :iiiul\=-i.<. it is tho TP.\'1N)ll.\ll|llll\ of tho oportitit-nn otiioor to dot-ide how u potoutiul ugt-ut should ho approached, or to imileo a jUtl|:vmt'nl as to whether nn\’ ugont is tolling tho truth. Admiral TL‘lt.\'l>lR. Tho kind of thing wo are intt~ro.stod in is, what will motivato a man to bet-omo an agont of tho L'nitt-tl States in :1 dith- cult situation. \\'o huvo to bo familiar with that kind of attitudinal 1'o="po11so that wo can oxpoct from people wo approuoli to for ono rt-u.~on or another l)t'\'u|llt‘ our spit->, but 1 will ho happy to onhmit a very specific listing 01' tho.~o. '

Senator K1;x.\'1;m'. Would you do that for tho committoot In tho followup.~. in tho .\1l{5E.\RCIl, in tho UF'.l'l‘l.\', and the ClllL‘K\\'l'1‘, could you givo us also a report on tho=o particular pl‘ogt'8|ii>'! Admiral TL‘lt.\'llR. Yes, sir. -Sonutor Ki;x.\i;m'. Did tho)" involve experimentation, human exporimontatiun! Admiral TL"|:.\'i:u. X0, sir. Senator Ki:.\":\'t:n\". .\'0no of thom? Admiral 'l‘t'1t.\'i»:|:. Lot mo sn\" this. that (‘Ill(‘K\\'l'l‘ prograui is the code mimo for tho (‘IA participation in what was h:isic;\ll\" a Depart- ment of l)efonso program. 'l'hi.~" prograin was summzu-izod and re- portod to tho (‘hurt-h conunittoo, to tho CUll§'l't’:::', and I h:i\'o sinoo they have hoon romoutiouod in the press in tho last :2 (ltl\‘$ horo. I havo not- had timo to go through and por.~"0iially retiow thom. l ha\'o a.=oortainod that all of tho tilt-.= that wo had and mado uvailuhlo hofm-o aro intact, and I have put a spt-vial ordor out that nobody will outor thoso files or in any \\'a\' tout-h thom without my pormi.~.~"ion at this point. but they t\1‘t- in tho Rotirod Rooo1'd.~ (‘omor Outside of Washington, and they aro availahlo. 1 am not proparotl to giro you full dotails on it. l>ot‘:1tt.<o I .=impl\"

ha\‘on't road into that part of our lll$lUl‘\' hut in athlition I would sugi gt-.~t whon wo want to got into that wo .~'houhl got tho Dopairtmout of I)ofon,<o in with us. Sonator Ki;\'.\‘i:m'. \\'oll. you will .=uppl\' that information to tho :1.<po<'t.=. obvi- Intolli;'onoo (‘ommittotu tho tvlontnt. I moan. tho houlth otisl)". and tho ro.-o:u~t-li we nro intoro.=tod in? .~\.tlmir:il Tt'uxt»:u. Yo=. Fit‘. Sonator Kv..\" .\'1:m'. \\'ill you lot us know. .\<hniral Tumor? Admiral T\‘R.\'lIlt. I will ho lmpp\' tn. [Sou p. 169 for tho matorial roforrod to.] $on:u<»»- KF..\'.\'r:m'. Thank you. I um running: out of timo. Do you =u]\port tho (‘Xlt'It—‘i0lt of tho protoflion of liutimn .=uhjoot.~" l(‘gl.~'lflllfill 't)l':llll\' on that to Illlt'llhlt' tho (‘l.-\ and tho DUI)? You ooumioutotl fit

Page 22

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before, and I am hopeful we can get that on the calendar early in September. and that is our strong interest. Admiral Tvaxrza. The CIA certainly has no objection to that pro- posed legislation. sir. It is not mv role in the administration to be the supporter of it or the endorser of it. Senator K1-:.\'xr;m'. As a personal matter. since you have reviewed these Slll>j€‘(‘l.~l. would you comment? I know it is mayhe unusual, but you can understand what we are attempting to do. Admiral Toaxza. Yes. sir. Senator Kr.\'xr:nr. From your own experience in the agency, you can understand the value of it. Just finallv. in your own testimony now with this additional infor- mation. it seems quite apparent to me that you can reconstruct in very careful detail this whole project in terms of the responsible (‘IA ofiicials for the program. You have so indicated in _vour testimony. Now with the additional information. and the people. that have been revealed in the examination of the documents. it seems to be prettv clear that you can track that whole program in very careful detail. and I would hope. you know. that you would want to get to the bot-tom of it. as the (“ong.ress does as well. I will come back to that in my next round. Thank you very much. Senator I.\'oL'n:. Senator Goldwater? Senator GOI.D\\'.*\'l'ER. I have no questions. Senator I.\'ot'Yi-:. Senator Schweiker? Senator ScHwi~:n<r,R. Thank you. Mr. Chairman. Admiral Turner, I would like to go back to your testimony on page

1. where you discuss the contribution to the building fund of 9.

private medical institution. You state. "Indeed. it was mentioned in a 19-">7 Inspector (ieneral report on the Teclmical Service Division of (‘l.\. pertinent portions of which had been reviewed by the Church committee stafi'." I would like to have you consider this question very carefully. I served as a member of the original (‘hurch committee. My stafler did a lot of the work that you are referring to here. He made notes on the IG'.-e report. My question to you is. are you saying that the section that specitit-all_\" delineates an improper contribution was in fact given to the (‘hurch conunittee staff to see’? Admiral Traxrta. The answer to your question is “Yes.” The infor- mation that a contribution had been made was made available, to the best of my knowledge. Senator St'n\v1»:||n:|t. Unly certain sections of the report were made available. The report had to be reviewed out at Langley: it was not reviewed here. and copies were not given to us here. 1 just want you to carefully consider what you are saying. because the only record we have are the notes that the statl took on anything that was of significance. Admiral Tt=n.\'aR. My understanding was that Mr. Maxwell was shown the relevant portion of this report that disclosed that the con- tribution had been made. Senator St‘li\\'I-ZIK)-ZR. To follow this up further. I'd like to say that I think there was a serious flaw in the wav that t-he 1G report was handled and the (“hurch committee was limited. I am not ma 'ing any accusations, but because of limited access to the report, we have a situ-

-

v.--w

I:

E

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ation whoro it is not even clear whether we actually saw that material not keep acop\" of the repmft under or not, simply because we could \\'e were limited by notetakmg, and the procedures we had to follow. what was not to just what was seen and so it is rathor amhignous as ('om1nit-tee will not seen. I certainly hope that the new Intelligence effective restrict its ability to exercise be bound by procedures that so Does it concern you. Admiral. that wogrant oversight. _ u.=etl I h:|\'o a sot-ontl quoqion. l

tho uso of Fotloral construction a .~'ul»tot'fu,t'o xvhit-h rosultotl in .<(n‘t~' of \"X1)('t'lllt(‘I'llF on our own fun<l~" to tinant-o fat-ilitio.< for tho.~o \\'h.at you are .=a\'ing. while tho (TIA nnth-|'.~"tan<l pooplo! l§o<‘:n1>‘4' :l»' l partof ma\~lt-\ nnl\' ]ml up $I§T.'»lNN>. this trigggon-tl a re.-]»on.~"e on the p1~o\"itlo on a good faith llfllF tnatoliing tho l'otlt-rail (iovorninont to "limo" 0f level. ‘Yo put HF morn than $1 l1o~]ii1al funds at the same private donation which matt-hing: fnn<l.~. somo hn.~"otl on an allt-god \'

was 11-all\" ("IA Illflll(‘\'. Ihoro .~n1notl|in,{'lm§ir'flll}‘ wrong with that? ]:-n‘t t't'!‘ltllhl\' holiovo thoro As I stated. tho Gen» .\tlmiral TT'lt.\'l-ZR. l a logal opinion that oral (‘onn~ol of tho (‘l.\ at that timo ronth-l'o<l again 1 am to go hack and JK thi~ \\':|.~ a logal t1mlot'tal(in,L', and attitu<lo:~" hc.=itant at that timo. so whether 1-o\'i.~'it tho :lt1||n~pl|t't'l‘. tho la\\".~".tl1o

tho t-onn.~ol \\"a> on good logal ground or not. l am not enough of a would ot-our to mo if it happened law\-or to ho :~ut'o hut it t-ortainly aoti\'it\'. totl:|\' :|~ a \'(‘l‘\‘ t|no>‘tional»lo I think thoso of us .\‘t-nator .\'<'|i\\'i:ii<r.i:. \\'oll. who \\‘01"l{9d on nml amontlotl tho llill-llurton At-t and othor ho;-pital con.=trut-tion as- .=i~'t:u|oo la\\".~ ovor tho \'oar.~. would havo a rather tlitloront opinion on (‘ong|~o.~:~' in pa.<.'~"ing' la\\'.~" to provitio hos- tho lt-gal intont or nhjoot of 1-uI|>tl‘\1t'tinI\ projoot n|ono\". Tht-.~'o funtl= wot-on't intondetl for |iital \\'hir*h tnrnctl t ll.~‘~.

It rt-n|it\tl~' mo littlo hit of tho .~‘l\ollfi~l| toxin situation eonunittoo. The Puhlio Hoalth Service :1

up whon l \\'n.~ on tho (‘lmrohp0i~on with Puhlio lloalth money. Here \\'a.~ u~t-<1 to ]n‘mlllt't* tlontlly oon.=truotion n|ono\" to oa1'r_\' on a series of :1

we at-o u.<in;' ;-'onoi'al ho.<|»it:|l drug: oxpoI'imont.~. ac- sir. If l conltl jn=t ho. I think. .\~lmir:il 'l‘t"i:xitt:. I-§xo\1.~"o mo. f1m<l~ were or tho matching: ourato. l tlon't think any of this $37-'-.4KltI

u~"otl to oflntlttot tlrngz ox|>orimont<. Thoy worn usotl to lmild the li0.=- mono\' into a foundation that was pital. \'o\\'. tho ('l.\ thon put nmro .-n1»po.<otll_\' in that ho=pital,so t‘u|||lll1'tiH{1I't'>t~;|rt'l| on tho (‘l.\'.~"l»ohalf

tho iniont \\'a.~' t-ort:|in\_\' thoro. hut tho monov wai-‘ not usotl for I

I-x|w1'imontntion. .Qonntoi' >'t'||\\'F.|iu:n. \\'oll I nntlerfitantl it was u=od for hri<-k< and tho ln'iol~:.= \\'o|'o n.~otl to lmihl tho f:|oilit\' whoro tho experi- mortar. hut mont,~' \\ot'ot':tl't‘it'<l on: \\'orotho\" not f 1m.~iti\'o o\'itlonoo that they were. haw Atltnirzil 'l't‘n\i:1:. \\'o do not \\a~" tho intont. hut I tlo not want to lt on-rt:tinl'\" xvoultl .~oon| that that iiit't-t'\'ti~-o- horo--— \\h\'ol>owonltltho)‘;*i\'othis1nonoy for tlr:\\\ .\'omttor .\'t~||\\"miu-11:. \\'oll n~"otl for a pur|>o.~c that tho lmiltlingz fnml if tho hniltling \\':|= not honotito-l tho (‘l.\ ]n'o,r'i':nn? .\th||i|'al '|‘t'i:\"i-'|:. l oortainly tlraw tho inforonco that tho CIA \\"o|-tling .~a_\'.~ the General oxpot-toll to hont-tit from it, and .~"nnu' of tho

Page 24

21 tlw ('l.\ was going that tlti.~"\\'a.< lt-;':|l m|l_\' if (‘nun~t-l‘~" tvpittiutt \\'a~ frutn1t.hnt. of what .~ll'.tltt'l't'1>l|u(‘\'1(lt'l|C(: to tlt-t‘iw atlt-qttzttv lwttt-tit ha\"t- lmvu .~tmm pretty good benefits l>t~nt-tit \\'a- tlt-t'i\'<-tl. 'l‘lu-|'t~t1ttt.~"t (‘u|mni.~~i<m was T" l“‘"!‘ tt .~l\t1t‘(- of thv

'--ltatur .\'t"t|\\"t;t|tt;|:.

at .~talu-. ']'ht- .\tntuit- 1-lttt-r;gv nut fut‘ ,~nt||t- I't::l~n]t n1'an<ntlt\-t',tlto CIA .-,,.| um] \\-1“-|| (ht-\~ h;|t-kt-tl tht-ir tah, S0. at two tlitl‘t~rt-nt p01nt.~ tht*rr~ \vt~t‘(» ltivlu-tl up part of tht-t*t- \\'a.~ gt-t-at ht-nt-ht tlt-t<|.<tmmt:tkvrs thought ttttlit-atiu|t,~ that ('l.\ hrtrk and mortar within thv h, 1,‘. ‘]..,-it-H] frum \\"hatt~\~t-1- l|3l)]H']](‘(l

rigltt. I am nttly takittg thv \\"all~ at that t'at-ilit\'. .\<l|nit":|l T1 t:.\'1-11:: You arr al».~0lttt<-l\' \\‘:Is lwtwftt tlt-t'1\'t(l. 1-nh~t:mtiatv that thvrv I)(i\lIit)]| that l (-;m||nt FH\' that thv (‘IA

't-|t;mt1- St-|t\\'|:tt;t:t:. Thv

agtwtnt-nt tlumtmt-nt.~ in tho ctm~‘tt'tu-tina \\'uttltl haw at-t-t-~~ tn mu--~"i.\th nf tht- .-|»:u-t- in\'nl\'t-41 vntt-t' intu an a;'t‘t-mucnt that spt-cifit-:tll\‘ of tht- wing. >4» how woultl \'tH| of thv .~'])a<'o tmtl .<a_\'.~ that um will ha \'t- ut'<-4-,~.<tu:|t1<l tt.~1\

spam-l 1 cannot of um--sixtlt ht~lio\'t\ it \\'a.- t~n1p!\". nut 1n~rfui'nt .~tmt<-tltin;,: in that .\|lmit'al Tt"1:xt~:t:. Sir. l am not tli~]mtin;! you at all lmt lnth of n~ art‘ .—*a\'in;: that thv ittft-rt-ttt-t» is that mu--sixth of tht- s]>at~<- was ttsetl. ,- that vxpt-t'ittt<-tttatitnt \\‘a~‘ tlom-. an-l ~'n nn hut tlu-re is no favtunl ovi- nf that ]>a\"t|u-nt or what went on in tlt-nt-t~ of what \\'<~nl mt a~ a rt'.~'tt|t

that it tli<ln't happen. that hn.~]»ital. lt i~ ju~t tni~.~ing. lt i.~ not

't-natnr .\‘<'t|\\'t;nutt:. .\tlmiral 'l‘ttrm-r. onv 0tht*r-—-

.\'t~natm- l{t>..\'.\‘t:m'. \\'mtl<l tlw St-ntitur \'ivltl on that point? untlt*r.~'t:|n<l that in thv agvttc'\"s tlovumr-nt<

‘t-|ta*m- .\'<"t|\\'|:tm:t:. I

one-.<i.\'th of thv facility mt thv €\;It‘\'\'X|lt‘]ll it \\"a~ t-.\plir'itl\' statt-tl that Wnttltl hv tlt~.~'i;:tt:ttt~tl fur (‘l.\ nsv aml tnatlv availablv for (“IA re- .\n- _\‘utt familiat=——— thorn is a mon- S(‘;ll‘(‘l\.

Mr. lh=~|n'. .\‘t-natur. a~ l rt-t-all. you are right in thatplannin,<,:.Tl10r0 lt:t.~t0tln\\'itli titm of mu--.~"ixtlt. hat any nu-ntitm at all tht- constntction arv no .<tllL~(*ttIlt'l\l t't']ml't.~‘ as to what ltttppvitt-tl aftvr ttmlt ]tl:u-t-. 'l‘nt"nt-r_ T rt-atl in the Yew York TiI1\0S St-11:ttt»t' .\'t'i|\\'t-:1); tin. .\tl|ttit':tl vxptwitttt-ttt.< involvetl an at‘- t

of of 1\IKl'l.'l'l{.\ that part thi~ .~t-rit-.~

with tht~ I-1-tlt-t~:|l lhm-an of Xat"v0tit'< to tt-st SH!‘- LSD 1-:t11;'t\tmttt rt-pttt1m|~l_\" mt unwitting |>atrnn.~ in l»:n'.< in Na-\~: York and San nf lllv .~‘t|lIjtt'l.~" lK‘t‘illllt‘ \'inlO1tll\‘ ill and Wt‘l‘t' llOS- .\'mnt- we were Ft'ttIl~'i.~t't1. tlt->-vrilro what pttalizt-tl. l \\'mttlt-r if \-mt \\'ul|ltl just hrit-fl\‘ it \\'a.= through a safv doing: tlmrv antl hu\\' it \\"a.~ 4-art-it-.1 nut ? 1 a>>"tt1m= htm~t- ntwrtttiun. l tlmft lvt-lit-\'0 _\‘n\|l‘ .~"tatt~|nt'nt intn much detail. \\"0ttt

.-\tlm1ral '_]'t"|:.\"t»:tt. l tlitl mt-ntinn tltv S-‘lfv nportttion in m\" h0\t.~"v

.~tatt~t||t-tit. .~tt'. anal that i~ how tltt-.~"v wt-1'0 t':n‘1'it-tl out. \\'hat \\"t' havi- lt~:n't|t-tl frmn tht- m-\\‘ tlm-ttnu-ntatinn is thv lovatiott and the da't~.< at \\'l1tvl1tlh' §aft- lttttlst-> \\'vrt- run h\' thv (‘l.\ and the idontifivatinn of tlt1'<~t- 1mlt\'ttlual.~ who \\'m't- il.~>tn‘i:llt'tl with 1-ntmingtlm.=0 Qafe h0u.<t~:=. “v l-znmv stunt-tltin,t,: almut thv t~m|.~:trut'tinn \\'nrk that \\"a~ (lone in wo are pvt-tt\' tht-tn lwt-ztttfv tht-|'t~ \\’t-rv t-tmtrat-t.~" for thi.~. lit-\'mul that, thv thit1g~ that \\'t\nt un a.= to what. \'ni| mttt-h tlra\\'tn;1 itift-|'t-m-t-.~ :t.~ to '

arv .~"a\'ing ltt'l‘t‘. Qt-natnr St‘tt\\'t:ttn:|:. \\'t~ll. thv t~"ttl»jt-<*t.< \\-oro un\vittin{:. You ran mft-r that Hlttvlt. right?

Admiral Tt'1t.\'r.n. Right.

Page 25

22

Senator Scitwizuuza. If you happened to be at the wrong bar at the wrong plaee and time, you got it. Mr. Bnonr. Senator, that would be—-contacts were made, as we uncler_<tand it, in b€II‘:, et eetera, and then the people may have been invited to these safe houses. There really isn't any indication as to the fnet that llll.~ took pluee in the bars. Admiral Trnznzn. We are trying to be very precise with you, sir, and not draw an inl'e|~enee lN.‘I‘t'. There are 6 eases of l’l1P.~(‘ 149 where we h:1\~t- enough evidence in this new documentation to suhstnntiate that there was unwitting testing and some of that involves these safe liouses. There are other eases where it is ambiguous as to Whether the testing was witting or voluntary. There are others where it was clearly volunt:1r\'. .‘~1en::ttii"Srin\'i:im:i:. Of (‘0lH'.~t', after a few drinks, it is questimmble whether informed consent means anything to a. person in a bar anyway. '

.-\dmir:il Tl'RN}ZR. \\'ell. we don“t have any indication that all these \"fl§(‘.\ where it is ambiguous involved drinking of any kind. There are (‘uses in penal lIiStil\|tiOIt.~ where it is not clear whether the prisoner \\':'|s ;:i\‘en :1 ehoiee or not. I don't know that he wasn't» given a choice. hut don't po-itively I know that he was. and I classify that as an ainhiguous ineident. Senator l:wrri:. Your time is up. Senator. Ft-nator Htltllllt-slot}? .<en:1tor ll1‘nm.r.srox. Thank you. Mr. (‘-hairman. Admiral Turner. you stated in your testimony that you are eon- vineed there was no attempt to eoneeal this reeently di.~"eo\'err-d docu- mentation tlurin,<' the earlier searches. Did you question the individ- uals \"Otm('i'te(l with the earlier search hefore you made that judgment? .\cliiiir:il Tr'n\'i:n. Yes: I haven't-. I don't think. questioned every- hody who looked in the files or is still on our payroll who looked in the tile- lmek in 1977». but Mr. Lauhinger on my left is the best author- ity on this. and I have gone over it with him in some detail. Fenntor I'lt'nm.r.s'ro.\'. But you have inquired, you think. snflieiently to assure yourself that there was no intent on the part of any person to eoneenl thew reeords from the previous eommittee? Atliniml T1‘n.\'nn. I am persuaded of that both by my questioning of people and by the eireumst:1nee-~ and the way in whieh these dom- ment< were filed. hy the faet whieh I did not and should have men- tioned in my testimony. that these were not the oflieinl files. The ones that we h:t\"e reeeired or retrieved were eopies of files that were work'- ingr files that .=omel>od\' had used. and therefore were slipped into a rlitlt-rent loeation. and again I say to you. sir. I e:m't iinagine their (leliher:\tely eoneenling these pnrtieulnr files and re\'enlin;' the other things that they did |~e\'e:il in 1975. I don't see the motive for that. hm-;iu.-e tlu-se are not that dmuuing eompured with the overall ninterial that \\'n~'p1'o\'itled. Fenntor Ilt'nni.r..~"r~»\. Is this the kind of operation that if it were eontinuing now or if there were iinrtliing .~"imil:ir to it. that you would feel eompelled to report to the Qeler-t (‘onnnittee on Intelligence? .-\dmir=|l T\'lI.\'l’.It. Yes. sir. You meun. if I tli.-eo\'r-red that some- thing like this were going on without my knowledge? Yes I would feel ZllI\()lllit‘l_\' the ret|nireinent to ---

Page 26

23

Senator H1'nm.r:s'r<»x. But if it were going on with your knowledge, would you report it to the committee? I tt>.~'llI|)t- you would. Admiral 'l‘t'n.\'i:n. Yes. \\'ell. it would not be going on with my knowledge. but theoretically the answer is yes, sir. Senator Ilr'nn|.1:s1v~.\'. Well. then. what suggestions would you have as we devise charters for the various intelligence agencies? \\'hat provision would v0u suggest to prohibit this kind of activity from taking place‘? \\'ould vou suggest that it ought to be specifically out- per- lined in a statutory charter setting out the paratneters of the mi.-sihle operation of the various agencies? Admiral 'I‘tR.\'1»;n. I think that certainly is something we must con- sider as we look at the legislation for charters. I am not on the face of it opposed to it. I think we would have to look at the particular wording as we are going to have to deal with the whole charter issue as to exactly how precise you want to be in delineating restraints and curbs on the intelligence activities. Senator I-ltnnu-:s'ro.\'. In the ease of sensitive ty e operations, which this certainly was. which might he going on to<lit_\'. is the oversight activity of the agency more intensive now than it was at that time? jfi? '

Admiral Tl'R.\'ER. Much more so. I mean. I have briefed you. sir. and the committee on our sensitive operations. ‘Ye have the Intel- ligence Oversight Board. \\'e have a procedure in the National Se- curity Council for approval of very sensitive operations. I think the amount of spotlight focused on these activities is many, manyfold what it was in these 12 to 24 years ago. Renator Ilt'nm.r.sTo.\'. How about the record keeping? Admiral 'I‘t"n.\'r:n. Yes; I can“t imagine anyone having the gall to think that he can just blithely destro_v records today with all of the attention that has come to this, and certainlv we are emphasizing that i

that is not the case. §enator Ilrnnt.Es'rn.\'. Admiral. I was particularlv interested in the activity that took place at the I'$. Public Health Service Hospital at Lexington. K)".. in which a Dr. Ilarris Ishell conducted experiments on people who were pre;stunahlv patients there. There was a narcotics institution. I take it. and Dr. Ishell was. according to the New York Times story. carrying on a secret. series of correspondence with an individual at the agency by the name of Rav. ' I-lave you identified who that person is? Admiral 'I‘t"n.\'!:a. Sir. I find m\'sel.f in a ditficult position here at a puhlic hearing to confirm or denv these names in view of my legal responsibilities under the Pri\'ac\"' i Act not to disclose the names of individuals here. Senator Ht'nnt.r:s'ro.\'. I am just asking you if \'ou have identified the person referred to in that article as Ila)". I am not asking you who he was. I just want to know if vou know who he is. Admiral Tt'R.\'I-ZR. No. I am sorrv. was this \\'-r-a-pv or R-a-v? Senator Ht'nnr.r.s'ro.\'. It is listed in the news article as R-a-3'. in quotations. Admiral Trnxizu. No sir. we have not identified him. Senator I-It'nm,r..s1*o.\'. So vou have no knowledge of whether or not he is still a member of \-our st nfi or t-rmI\et‘tt"'(l with the Agency in any way. Have you attempted to identit'_v him?

Page 27

24 [Pause.] ‘

Adilllmt TI'R-YER. Soiiiitrir. wv havo fnriiir-reiii1il0\'<-0 \\'hn.=0 namv IS Ray who iii:1_\" h:iu- had SUIIH‘ first t-mnim-tigii with tht~,q- activities, {I

5(<natm' 1It'lIl>l’.l>I§'l‘HN. X on siispa-4-t that but vou lltl\'t’ nfit \"<1'ifi(-d that at this tiiii('. oi at least you arv not iii a p0§iti0ii tn indicate that you have verified it? Admiral Tl'RNliR. That is ooi~i~t-r-t. $r=nat0r I'Il'I>DL‘l~1.~'TH.\'. Thank you. Thank you. Mr. (‘haii'iiiaii. Svnator I.\'0t'i"i:. Sviiatnr \\'aHnp? Senator “'.n,i.0i'. Thank you. Mr. (‘hairmaim Admiral T1H‘H(‘l‘. not all Of tht--and iii no \\-n\' ti'\'iii,rv tn (‘Xf‘11$=fi you of thv hidvrms iiatiiro of sniiiv of th('.=\- ]H‘0jft‘T<. but not all of thv proiocts iimh-r MKI'L'1‘l{-\ arv of s~"iiii<t<-r or oven n iiinrni llt1t\ll't'. ii Is that a fair sta.tz~nient? ‘

Admiral Trnxrzn. That is correct. S:-iiatni‘ “'.\i.i,m*. Imokiiig iiown thrnugh .<nnio Qt’ thvsl»

1i pimw-ts not in\'n'l\"iii;r hiiiiiaii it-4~1i)1;_'. aspr~rt.~ of thv Il)fl},!1F'lt‘lH art. it tlfivsri t .~

sonni as though tin-i~t~ is an\'thiii;' \'t‘I‘\' sinistvr about that. Stii(h<~.< of human hr~ha\-irir and .=h~o|i ]'t‘~(‘2H'f‘h. hhrar\- FPEH'f']l('>. Sow. th0.=o thiii,¢r< in their \va\" arr still of iiitorvst. are th<~\- iim. to tho p!‘0(‘8.~5- of inteiiigoiit-0 g:ithvi~iii,q'? Adiiiii-at Ti‘nxfi:. \<=-. .=ir. T have not trim] to iiifiivnto that we _

emwr ant not (lqyiig or woiihi not do any 0?10tht- thiii;'.< tiiat\:'§»r0 ini~oi\'r>ri in MKl'LTR.\.hiit \\'ill"H it miiivftnt wittiiig U1‘ mi\\"it iii;' testiiig of p<-ophi with (lI‘ll,‘'.=. that is ('ertairiIv vorbotoii. hut thorv are othor thin;:=. Senator TV.\i.mi*. Fwii with i-ohintvor patit~nt.<? I mvan. T am _

not trving

• '-

to put T011 on tho spot to .~:i\- whrithvr it is gains rm. hilt T IN"!!!- ‘ '

it IF not an iim-miimnn thiiisz. i~ it. in tho ]7Tl..¢fl7l,= n_f t ht» Viiitr-<1 Statvi ' ‘ ' ' ' -

for thv Pnhhi- Hvaith .Ql‘!‘\'l(‘l‘ tn vnnrhwt \'flTlfllt~~i-i1IN].~“Of t‘\]N‘HIlN‘I1t> _

with \"]4‘i'§1)(\& ‘ind sai" .=iinhui1i i~i~r~:iiii.='? I kiinw in Arizoiia tht-v haw so. dogiimirai TT‘TZ.\‘FJl. Sh" iiniim-=tanriiii£ is. You nf that i~= aiithni-izml. . .

but I-'‘mi not nf thv opinion that this is not fhv ("I.\ hii~inr~=_=. mid .~

that if wv now] .=nni<- iiifniiiiatinii in that N1 tpnnn-_ I wniihi PM-f<‘1‘

• ' '

. ,- tn gn to thP nth:-1' tiiiiiiiuiiiiiitv .iiithm it it.= ni thv Gn\Hl\m<111 ‘I113 ‘\ .

thoni tn got it ffl1'\\~I‘?‘Y it-rt l7H\1fi\I\fl1\\' \\'a'\—-— A Ft~ii:itni' \\'.\i.im-. “U-H. \'mi kiimv. \'flIl h:\\'0 hhlfn.‘ min“ Iwhang ‘ ’_

tr\ii<hiii1»:it lhv ii:iti-iiinl ~viiiiii:it'~. Thi~ l.~ \\h.\}:! tail‘ . - ' ' '4 . .

• ‘

‘ c “i~f"tf‘ flit» hulk of "“'A\“ pi-oiw-t~ worn iii aii\' wn) the \Ih( fl“at'flw ‘I, ,1 .~ (J. »\g(»na'\‘ might not ihi I|<\\\' .\ 'i’i~i-~uh'iit iimihi iinth:i}\a non‘ inmTifi‘d 1,}. flu, ]ii of thti h~gitiiii.'it<~ t\~|i<~.~ nfthiii;1.~. Ie=nt t lat prom i\ the .

cast»? .\Jiiiii':i1TI'ri\'r.ri. Yv.=. F17‘. f\'mi:itm' \\'.\i.i.ni'. _

.\iu1 if it rihi in fiivt RP!" 5"‘ m

Hm Tc "‘imfl- he .

HIPTI‘ qnv !'l“'!~O11 kiinw flf Th!-‘ to =iip|in~<~ that thv T’i~t~.<i<ir~iit did not hruh-i-t ti Ynu -aid thnrv \\":i~ no 11-a=mi in —Ht‘T““;“ ‘M UN‘ l‘(‘\‘(‘I‘~‘(‘ that. L thr~l'I- any 1‘i':i~m\ #"}'P°-‘P "1 :15“ !"“.'3‘“‘]"01“,'t 1°.‘ t 1 W -

.\1]Illi!'fl] Ti"i:.\"P.i:. .\ri. S-~ii=itm- W,\i.i.~i~. \\t-H. \-mi kiiqw. T r‘=\m\<>t m , .

1ti\i$si1\; ]i¢p|-qH\~ ;m\-hmiv iiiirh-vtakiiig |ii'n]P('t= n ‘ IE1?‘ H‘ iiiagiii ii ti 0 <,§'$1m_c -

],(.m and 3,1,1 ‘mg

• - "

'

iint iiifniiiiiiig _\fl\lr .<H]<’11"!‘ 1

• .~ - '

].;n(\\\1|i;_[ nhniit it. I at

• - -

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tliese were going on. e.~pe<'iall_\" when eertain items of it appear in the Inspector (it-neral's report on budgetdiflit-uh when it is that far back to inatters. Admiral Ti'n\'r:u. \\'ell.l find it

h\'potlie~ize what the procedures that the llireetor was iisiiig in terms It is quite a dit‘l't-rent climate from of informing his superiors were. toda\' than they did more informing today. and l think we do a lot gruess what the level of knowl- hat-k then. hut l find it ver\' diflirult to t*tl;!t' W39. to seeond-guess it, but Senator \\',u.i.or. 1 am really not asking youand thank p:oodm;~s we past past, it just seenis tome that. while the is of cireuinstanees. 1 think it is naive are operating under ditlt-rent sets \\'eret‘01itl\lt"lt'(l t~ntl1‘el\‘ without the for us to suppose that these llllllQ.~ l'nited Stilt:-s (luriu;_' those times. knowletlge of the l’r\-.~idents of the that was heing .~0\l;1l')t \\‘{l.~ It is just the l<intl.- of rest-arvli information nieans. hut the information that they vital to the l'nite<l States. not the were trying to find. is. was this vital? Did .-\dmiral T1'n.\'r.n. T am sorry. Your question we view it as vital? was that pf“? \\'ell. your implieation at the beginning ‘

Senator \\'Ai,i.or-. it was a respon~e to the kinds of heliavior that were seen in Cardinal .\lind~zent\"'s trial and other tliiiigs. I mean. somebody must have tlefensire reaetion. if nothing else. thought that this was an iniportant on the part of the l'nitt-tl States. ,

am sure they did. lint again I just don’t .»\dini1'al'l‘\'n.\"r:ic. Ye.-’ sir I hraneh. know how high that |>er|n(-ated the exevutire information are still important Senator \\'.-u.i.or. llut the kintl~ of go baek and do that to yon. l mean. l am not suggesting that !lll\'fille l'|n eertain would he of use to you to know kin-l of thing a;'ain. hut it someone had what “'37- going to happen to one of your agents tried to inodify his assuinin;_'

put one of tliese tliings into his liloodst ream. or liehavior. Admiral Tra.\'r.R. .\l>solutel\'. and you know, we would he very eon- truth serums or other eerned if we tliought there were things like to l>\" use or im- couhl he suhjeeted things that our agents or others people or agents. proper use of drugs h_\" other powers ag:\inst our Senator \\'.-\1.1.or. Are there? I don't ask you to name them, but are there such serums? have to Admiral Trnxm. I don't know of them if there are. I would answer that for the reeord. sir. Senator “'.\1.1.or. I would appreeiate that. [The material referred to followsz] "Tm"ru" lnu‘r.s l.\' 1.\11:|mou.rriox

is prohahl\' as old as man‘; need The Seflrvli for 1-ffet-ti\"e aids to interrogation sonn-e and as |u-\rsistent as his lu ol-tain int'ormati<-n from an um-out-erative iinpatiem-e to .-horteut any tortuous path. In the annals of votive iii\"esti;::ni-»n. paii|.~'t:|kin:.' and tiine-<-on- 1-in-rt-ion has :|t limes been suhstittited for l’l\.\'»~‘i1'=|l dirt-rt l|l¢‘llI1Itl~ tirutltwe quirk results Sir Jaines -“mllilltl im1"l"." ill the la-lief that |~,\:|||||ilu of "third .1‘-gm-9" In-;|,.. Stepheiis. writing in L\\'t. l'ilIltlll:\li‘l.Q'~ a |:ris|\ 'i\'t'-' l-\' lllv lmlive of India: “I1 is far pl:-:|.~;|im-r In sit t't|]]1fn|'H\lbl\' in the <]|;||\.- 9\‘(-'.~' tl1:l|| tn go lllunul in the sun lnmting up ruhl-int: red pepper in a 1---or devil's evict»-nee." r-mmtries lime tttrm-d to drugs for assist- hlmfe rer-enIl\' police offivials in some ar. esuun-d ance lll extrat-tint: t-oiifessioiis from at-eusetl |~¢-rs-on.~. (ll"lI|Z.~ whieh

l

_

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to rt-luv tho im‘ti\-ittn:tl‘.- ttM‘t-nsve '1! thv ptvlnt that ho ttttluttm-i11;:l_\' r0\'onl.< truth-=

M he-h=|~ iIt~t'llU‘)lllL!(||t'(\lll't'tl|.'r|li\lIl\'1'!4liU!lll\'e-l(>4'lllll||lH'.|l"\\'|‘\‘l'Th\"ll71niT{iTi5“ its an :\ltt-rn:tti\-t- to ph\:-it~:tl turturv. \"tiil r:ti~=¢-@~' .~=t~t'i'>">' ‘l""“il""-“ tndmqiwi ri:ht- have lluim-(I mil)‘ ntar2tnal and lil»t\r1it~>'. In thi~ t-<mntr\'. \\‘lu>n- tlrut:~" l't‘it‘-s m~t'\']tt:|t\1-r in ]\1Iltt't~ work. thvir nsn hn.- |»r-imkml of "|t~'\‘t'ltnlut:t<-ztl third dt~;:rt-0" tttnl lms prt-t-it-itztta-ti YDl'tllt‘l\-il'lI!li ('utttm\'<-rt~it-.~‘ thnt uttvr :i quarter Q! 3 (-p]fl\'|]"\' -ml tin-:t.~'itnmll\" flztro iuttt tho n]wt| The u.~t- uf .<tt-rzillml '-truth" drtt-'~ in ]mlil'|- wnrk i- .~"ilnil:tr tu the at-wtttfll p.~\~t-lti:ttri<- |tr:u-tiw of n:|r<~n-:ttifll\'~"i~: thn <litTt»r<-m~<- in Yhv ttwt ];rt:t'Pdttr(->,.\ lies t-mu-t-rm-tl with etntnru-al in ,),,.;, ,my,.,-,.,,; .,|,;,.¢-1i“-< Ttw pttliw in\'¢*.~'tiL':|tur is truth that m:t\' ho u.~'t-<1 :tt::tin.~t tln- suq»-1-t. and tlwrr-fttrtl itltnust st-lPl\' with pr-ttitttiw truth: thv m-1-t'nlm~~.~' nf tho ~'t1qw=-t‘~ rP\‘t-lfllinlts cl:-p<»ml.~" nltinmt0lv mt tlwir :u't-\-|»t:ttu-\- in v\‘itlt-tu~\- l-\' :t 1-uurt uf l=t\\" 'l'h4~ ||-‘wltiatti-‘t. fin tlw nthPt' ltntttl. u~itt:.' tho ~';t|||q» “truth” tlrutzs in |li5lL'tt¢t.\'i.'~‘ mill tn-ztttm-nt of tlw Inc-ntullv ill. is-t ttrituarily ('tttu't't'ttP4l with pxp/rhnlngiml truth ul‘ |r.\‘\(’iltIlH£lt-ill rt-nlity rntlwr than Plll)tll“ll':\l f:u~t. .\ putt:-nt'.~ at-t-rrutiutt\ nrv rrztiity fut‘ him at tiw titnv thvy r\<‘r~ur. anal an :tw~ttr:|tt- ;|t~-viunt of tht-w ftttitztsit-.< ant] alt-ltl-will-'. r=tll\t*t' limit rvllflitlt‘ fPt't|ll|-rtitm ttf int-t m-vttt~'. vutt luv tho kt-\' to I't'f'n\'Pl"T. Tho ttntinn of tlruzs t~:tp:|i\lo- of illuininntint: hitltl--n rP('o.<-"t>.~' uf the miml. help- ing tn in-tll thv mt-tttztlly ill uml prvvt-tttittt: ll!‘ rt-\'1-rsitiit thv ntist-:trri:u:@ uf justit-1-. hm tvrrwitlt-cl un <-st-1-t-tlitt~.'l_\" tlttrzthlv thmnv fur tlw gm» - and |m||lil{ll' literature.

Whit“ mkit-»\\l¢-<iuit|z that "truth s<»rutn" i.< :t ntistu-nt~-r t\\~it-t- m1»r--the drut.'~' ‘at-0 nnt snru and th|~\' tin nut tmt-o.~'=:tril\‘ brim: ft-rth ]trnlt:\!i\‘e- truth—j<t\1rn:tli.-tit- n<-t'nunt- ('flIltiIttt<- tn explvtit lhv am-t-at nf tlw to-rm. The funnulzt is to play up n few s]~e\|~t:u-ttlnr "truth" tlrm: $1111-t-.~'~'t-.\‘.~' unit tn itnply th:tt Htv drut:< are nmrP innliizm-it than not-ti he and nwrv \\'i<l<-i\" elm-l<i\¢-cl in 4-ritninul ittx-estitzatinn than t-an 1-tliri.-tll\' ho ntlmittvtl. Any lt'l'|llllI]|ll‘ that pr--itii.-vs an int-rt-mvnt nf .=ttt-cw-.-.< in oxtrar-tint: infnrtnntlmt frmn an \lttt'utt||tli:tltt §IIlll"<‘t' i.- tpfln farm of iutt-rP.<t in intt-llitze-noe 0]I>l"flIlO!t.=. lf tlu- ¢-thit-.-tl <-ut|.~"itlt-r:ttimt~ whirh in \\'v:~'t|»rti |'ntltt1I'§v'<illllil»li the “Sr of narro- illi(‘l"l'lII.f:liltll| in ptttit-n tu-rk Ill‘? felt tllsu in illH‘l“g\‘H<‘P. the \\'e.-tern serx-im>.= 1nu~"t at l<-m<t lw ttrvpztro-tl u;::ti|t<t it- ;m.\-.<it-lt- t*lll\|lH\'lltt\IlI by the nd\'t»r.=nr\'. An tltttlvrstfltttlitig Hf "truth" itrm:.~; thoir1-ltarm-ti-ri~tir in-titms, and their ]mtPnti:1li- tivs, p<».-itiw and tt1';::tti\'t-. ft-r <»lit~itiu;: ttvwful infurmzttiun is fundamental to an adw|u:tt¢- (left-n~"v m::tin.~"t tlu-tn. Thi= (ll.~'t'll\".~'lnl). mt-tmt Ht In-lp1n\\‘:lt'(l such an umlt-r.-tn1|din2. draws primm-ilv npfln um-nl\" puhli.~lu~<l m:tt<=ri.-|I.~. lt lm- the limit:tti<m.< nf 1-r<tj¢=<-ting fr:-m <'rimi- nal lll\‘(‘.\‘ll£Zlll\'Q- |tl'ilt'll(‘\‘§ and ft-om tlw pe=rtttis.~"i\"(-1 ttttm->"|»ln-re of drug psvchu- tht>r;tt»\'. |it'tt|"(‘L.\.\Il.\‘ii Ali "rat-tn st:Rt'tn" Eat-l\ in this n-ntur\~ |tlt\'.<it'i:u\~ M21111 tn etntillyv §(‘0]I>ltlllll!l9. atom: with lllt\I‘]>lllllt- ntul l‘hlt|rnf1tI‘lll, In ittdtm- at state uf “twiliizht slo-eta" during childhirth. A l'Itlt~‘liiltt'|tl of lu'nh:|m>. <1-n||nl:llnilw \\'u.~‘ luimni tu |>I'mlHl't-‘ .~"e<l:ttinn and drnn si- ne-.~>'. 1-mtfu.-i--it and di.-nrit-ntzttimt. im-mtrdinzttinn. ttml antnc~.-in for 9\'9nt.~' ex- porit-ttt-:-tl tlurint: inmxit-ati-m. YM )tll_\‘.~‘lt‘il\ll< tinted that wmm-n in twilight sleep

and nttvn \'nlt1|itt~<»rt-cl P.\l'PPdi|}£)§' candid re-marks. lllt~‘\\'l>I'H] qtu-.~'ti-m.~" :|t'4'ttT:ttt~l_\' In 1512'.‘ it m-1-urn-tl tn R--ht-rt l!utt-o-. :1 Dall:t.<. Texas --tmtotrit-i:ttt. that a similar "‘<'|"\it1"t‘ Illiilllt lw ent|tl~~.\¢~<l in thv intorr-»;::tti-in of s1t.~'}n~(‘Hd t-rintitiztls. and he tl1'r111|L'\~tl I»- int:-r\'it-\\' with-r .<t-n|~»l;ttititt¢- twti |>ri~"t-m~r.~> in the Dalln< (~nunt\' jflii \\lH~~‘~' Kuiit .~'m-tut-it <-|<-;|rl\' t-otttirnn-tl. Ftuivr thv tlrnt: Imth nwn tlouiv-tl the rh:tr;:<-~ mt \\l\irh tht-\ \\'a-r»- held: ilhtl lmth. utmn trial. \\"t»rt- fnuntl tntt guilty. l-It|th\t~i:|.<tit- at tlti~" sttm-o~.~'~. ll-‘mo vnttvltttls-tl that :| putivttt under thv infiuenve Hf t\'::It]IIl.‘tll|ii‘lt‘ "t':|t|t|ttt r'rv:tt0 n litt and thvro is nu pt-\\'t\r tn think or r(>:1~ . . .

s0n. [1-1] Hts expo:-itnent and this t-<m(~lu.=imt attract“! wid» attentinn. and the nit-:1 Hf at "truth" tlrut: \\':t.~ tlm~" l:1um~ht-d nlltlll thv puhliv 4-tttt-1-it»tt.<tit=.-.-, 'l‘ht- ]|ltt'iL<\* "truth t<t-rtuu" is lwliv\'ott t-~ ll:l\'\‘ appvztra-ti fir-t in n ttows l‘9p4\l‘I Of lltnt.~'e‘.~' t=x|n-ritnvut in tho Lns .4n1;tltx It’:-1'ut‘lI. .<utnotimp in 110:3, )].tu-t» y-9,-3<1@-d thv to-rm fur whilv hut t\\(~ntu:tllr <-:nm- ht empl~»_\' it rvzulnrly him-elf. llv pith- .-t

li~h.-tl .<mn<- 1-lvtt-n nrtit-In-»~' mt ~"11~|~-l;unim- in thv \'t-*:\r.< 1ft''i‘11t‘.'t4. with 3 “(trifli- al-lu im-rt-=|<v in ]htlt‘llll4':ll 1.t-al n= iinw \\'(‘l|l mi. What had l-¢>'.'nn a~= .\'nl'IlPYhill|'-' nf :1 .~'1'i4'ntifl<- .~'t:tt(-um-tit turltvd finall\" itttu :1 tlutlit-:zt¢=d (-rt|~;td:- by fl|{' "f;\fh(1]' ttf truth .~‘vt'tttn" un I-t>li;|lt' nf hi~ ntl'.-prim; wlwrvitt lw was "gr<\s,<ly indu1::<~nt Hf its \\:t\"\\':trtl |n'il:\\’iut' and .<tul»tmrnl\ philltl hf it» nlittur at-|,j(\y,-;,,9,,g,»"t11]

Page 30

27 was used for police interroga- Onlv a handful of cases in which scopolamine suggesting that some p0ll("€ mm (fame H, pnhm.“M41m,fi(.e9xlen.<i\'Pl\'. mnugh there is evidencepoin-e writer claims that the form, mm ha“, it I2. 16] (me etfective in extracting confessions fltrl-qt of g(-tipn13t|fl|19 iuterrotlallon has been‘ will first he rendered unconscious by from ('1-ituitml .=u<pe(-t.-, who are told they t-offev of drlfllillltl WR\Pl'~l15l (-hlnrtil hvdrnte plat-ed r-o\'ertl\' in their B0(‘€lll.\(- of :1 number of undesirtthle side et‘l'e(~ts. r=r'fl1W1fimil1P “'11-‘ 5110?"! 13!"- mo=t tlisnlvlitlil "T U1" Fidv 91'7"’!- I1’? qualified as 8 "truth" drug. .-‘linong the sotnnoh-nce. and Dbl'~=i"1"Ili<'ll1 i'h9""l1"‘"8 htlllnt-inati~m.<. di.-turhed IK’t‘t't=pliull. vision. whit-h d|.~'trm-t the .<11l'J““l fY'°1'" sueh as liendat-ht-. rapid heart. and hlurn-d Furtht'rmm'P- I119 I\h.\"-“WEI B<‘l1"I1 1-“ l"11l.I~ fflf central of the interview. #01119 ca~"e.=. to make the pur1>o.-e efl'et't.~‘. St-opolnuiine t-ontinues. in o\itl:t>'lil12 the p.~"vcholo|;it*:il flllPI~'lh9>'ifl and .<urt:er\' safer h\- drying the mouth and throat and redueing seme- tlons that might oh.~"trut't lllt-llll‘l'£l.~‘S1lK(*’.~'. But the fantn=tit-all\". almost painfull\'. h\' the drufl is hardly t'ondum\'e to free tB1RiI1l!- dry "de.~'i-rt" mouth hronght on even inn traetahle suhject. "rm: BARBlTl'R.\TES communication with emo- The first .=u:2e.=tion that drills mlzht faeilitnte di.-tnrlwd path-nt~ t-ante quite l»\- at-t-ident in 1914;. Arthur S. Lovenhnrt |iutt:tll\‘ with re.~'piratory and his nfisin-intei at the I'niversit\- of “'l.~‘(‘ult~‘lll.(>Xp(>‘fi1ll9IllillI! of sotiium Pyanide. a t-atatonie Wt-l"v .=nrpri.<ed when. after an |nievtion FPlflXPd- "l'P1"’d bi-" P-"’-*3 “"3 .=tiniulant.<. patient who had l-In: l-een mute and rigid .~"uddeul.\' few quewtions. By the t-:trl\' 1§l30‘.- n nunn-er of |».=vehiatri=ts e\en an.-wered a niethod.~' of therapy. were experimenting with drugs as an ndjunot to e.=tuhli.-liedpo.=.<ihilitv that drutl“ At ahnut thi< time polive ofit-ial.<. still uttraeted by the nnuh help in the interrogation of suspec-t.~' and wittie.<.<e.<. turned to n class of dru<.'~ known a< the ltatrhiturnt--.~. By 1935 (‘lnrent-e W. .\iuehll»erzer. d(>||r\-.\‘\':Illi head of the )li<~hi:!:1n Crime lleteetion L.'morator\' at Enflt l.au.=inz. was u=inI! l-:irl>iturate~ on relurtant .=u-pet-t.<. though police work continued to he hampered the r-nur:.~’ rt-jet-tion of drttz-itulueed \'unfe.~'.<it\t|.< except in a few carefully hy eirvun|.<t~ril-ed iti.<tn|ir-e~'. the oldest of modern The ltarl-itur:1tt-.~". fir~t .<\-ntlw.~"i1.ed in 1903. are nmont:hzilf-t~4>ntur\' dru2.~' and lllv n|o~t \'er<ntile of all depressntits. In thi.~ some 2.500 liave in-on prt-purl-d. and uh--ut two dozen of these have \\'ull an important plat-e in l|l(>'\|l1'ill(‘. .\n e~‘lit|mted three to four llilliutt du~"e.- of linrlvitttrates are pre- .~'(-ril»-tl I-\" ]lll\'.~lI‘l£lll~' in lite Vnited State: eat-h year. and they have come to he l»:nou'n of t-mninert-izii n:\tne.~ and eolorful .-lam: expre.<.~‘ion>: "goof- l-\" :1 \':iriet\" l-:ill~" .\'t>nnuunl. "red de\'il~." “yellow jnr'k<"ts~'." “pink Indies." etc. i.lItnil|:ll. "truth" Three of them whit-h are n<\-d in IlflI‘1‘ttflll!'ll\~‘l.\‘ and have seen .<er\'i<'t- as dru::< are .~'o4liutn :un_\-tnl lmn--harhital 1. pentothal sodium tthiopenta1i.andtoa It-.~".~'er extent .<e1-onnl met-olvarl-itali.

.\~ tlllr plmrnmt-oloi:i.~"t vxplnin.< it. n mil-i<-ct t't'm\i1l|: under the inflnenee of a httrititurnte ittit-med itttt':\\\-||o|t.<l\ gm-.< through all the stances of pruizre.-’si\'e drunkeune.-.~ hut the time st-nle is on the order of milntlt-.= instead of hours. fiut\\':|rdl\" the ~'etl:tIitm effl-1-t i.~ drnmativ. 9.~'|w("ltlll\‘ if the suhjevt is n psyeltiatrit‘ patient in le||.~i|-It. lli- feature» .\1l'lt'Rl‘Il. his hod\' relnxc-~'. Sotne people are momeut:|ril\' exvited: a few |K'tN'l'll(‘ silly nod zimzly. Tins usually ]|R.~'.=e.=, and llllI>‘l .~'l1l|je1-l.~' disoriented .~'e|ni-wnkt-fn1tte.<s. full :t.-lee1-. elnerzinz later in 'l"lu- ch--t-t-nt into nan-o~i.< and beyond with progre-".~‘ivel\' lnrzer doses can he dividt-ll as follt-\\'.<: l. Sed:iti\'t- stzuze. ll. I'ltt'ntl§4'itnlsltefix. with exnctrernted reflexes (h\'porar~ti\'e wtage). ill. l‘iit-oim-icitisitess. without reflex even to painful stimuli. IV. heath. \\'hetln-r all these .=tn:e~ (‘mt he di.-tin;:ni<ln-d in nnr given suhjer-t depends lm-i:ely on the (lose and the rapidity with whit-h the drug is induved. In ane.<the<i:i. sto|ze.< 1 and ii may lust only two ut’ three seconds. The first or .<edati\"e stow enn he further divided: Plflllfl 1. .\'<\ P\'i(ll*l1l t-fl'w'I. ur slight sedative pfh-ct Plane 2. (‘loudint-~>~. t-nlintn--.~. ntnue.~"i:|. tl'po|| recon-r\-_ the stthjpct will not reuterul-er what lltltitu-tivli at llli- or "lower" plittn-s or slngesl Plane 3. Slurrt-d .-|u~e<-li. old t||0t||:hl patter-n~ di.-rnpted. iunl-ility to inte- Bfflte or learn new ]l£lH('l'll.\'. Poor coordination. Subject lveeomes unaware of painful stimuli.

Page 31

28 Plane 3 is the psychiatric "work" stage. It may last only a few minutes. but it can he extended by further slow injection of drug. The usual practice is to bring the snhject quickly to Stage ll and to conduct the interview as he passes back into the sedative tage on the way to full consciousness. 2 CIJXIFAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BTFIJIES The general ahhorrence in Western countries for the use of chemical agents “to make people do things against their will" has precluded serious systematic study (at least as pnidished openly) of the potentialities of drugs for interroga- tion. Louis A. Gottschalk. surveying their use in information-seeking inter- views.l13] cites 131; references; hut only two touch upon the extraction of intelligence information, and one of these concludes merely that Russian tech- niques in interrogation and indoctrination are derived from age-old police methods and do not depend on the use of drugs. On the validitr of confessions Obtained with drugs, Gottschalk found only three published experimental studies that he deemed worth reporting. One of these reported experiments hy D. 1". Morris in which intravenous sodium amytal was helpful in detecting malingerers.[12] The subjects. soldiers, were at first sullen. negntivistic, and non-productive under am,vtal. hut as the inter- view proceeded they revealed the fact oi’ and causes for their malingering. Usually the interviews turned up a neurotic or psychotic has-is for the deception. The other two confession studies. being more relevant to the highly special- ized. untouched area of drugs in intelligence interrogation. deserve more detailed review. Get-son and \‘ictorofi'[ 12] conducted amytal interviews with IT neuropsychiatric patients. soldiers who had charges against them. at Tilton General Hospital. Fort Dix. First they were interviewed without amytal by a psychiatrist. who. neither ignoring nor stressing their situation as prisoners or suspects under scrutin\- urged each of them to discuss his social and family background. his army career. and his version of the charges pending against him. The patients were told only a few minutes in advance that narcoanaiysis would he performed. The doctor was considerate. hut positive and forthright. He indi- cated thnt they had no choice hut to suhmit to the procedure. Their attitudes varied from unquestioning compliance to downright refusal. Eat-it patient was brought to complete narcosis and permitted to sleep. As he hecame seIni<~oust'iott.~ and could he stimulated to speak. he was held in this stage with additional atnytal while the questioning proceeded. lie was questioned first about innocuous matters from his hat-kground that he had discussed before receiving the drug. \\'henever possihle. he \\-as manipulated into hrintring up himself the (‘lli\I'L't'~' pending against him before being questioned about them. if he did this in it too fully conscious state. it proved more effective in ask hint to "talk fllmllt that later" and to interpose a topic that would diminish suspicion. dt-laying the interrotration on his criminal at-ti\'itv until he was hack in the proper stage of nnrco<is, The procedure differed from therapeutic narcoaualvsis in several ways: the setting. the type of patients. and the kind of "truth" sought. Als-o [hp mtitjpotg were kept in twilight consciousness longer than usual. This slate proved richest in yield of adntissions prejudicial to the suhject. In it his speech was thick. mumbling. and disconnected, hut his discretion was ntarkcdly reduced. This val- unhle interrogation period. lasting onlv five to ten minutes at a time. could be reindut-ed by injecting more :unvtni and putting the patient hack to sleep. The interrogation te<~lmiquc varied front t'|\.~'t- to case at-1-ordin: to background infornmtit-11 about the patient. the seriottstn-ss of the clmrut-s. the patients atti- tude under narcosis and his rapport with the dot-tor. Sonic-times it \\'as nscfui to pretend. as the patient grew more fully coast-it-us. that he had alreatly confessed during the atntu-stic period of the interrogation. and to urge him. while his mem- or,v and st-ttse of self-protection were still limited. to continue to elaborate the details of what he had "nlre:tdv descriin-d." \\'in-n it was olivions that a suhject was withholding the truth. his denials were qui<~kls" passed over and ignored. and the kt-\ quest ions would l-t- rewordt-ii in a new approach. nttitni revealed fantasia-~. fears., and tielu-ions approaching delirium. Qt-\'9!“.11 1' t - .~" '

much of which rttllltl rt-:tdil_\' he distimrnished from rt-nlity. lint .~uunt-times there .

was no way for tho exnmin-~r to distin;:uish truth from fnutnsv I'M-1-pl hr refer- ence to other sourt-cs. tine sul-jet-t claimed to linvc a child that did not exist.

Page 32

29 anr-ther threatened to kill rm sight rt 2-‘telrfittller \\‘hn had been (lend a F88?‘ llld yet annther ('Hllfe'F.\'(’ll to partit-ipatintz in n rnhltel'\' when in fart he had only par--h:i.~e<I 1:--nil» frntn the )»artit~i)-ant.~". Tl-.=timtm,\' vmit-ernint: tlntes and specific plat-es was nntrn.<t\vurth\' and often eutttratlit-tur\' hecanse nf the ||:1tient‘s loss of lllm--.~'elt.\'P. llis veracity in citing: nmne.< and events prnved questionable. Be- (~nu.=<- uf his t-tmfusitm ahuut actual events ntnl what he thoutlht ur feared had haltpened. the patient at titties tn:tnnzed to (‘lrltfl-:tl the truth unintentionally. A,‘ mt.» <ultj¢-ct 1-eviw-ll, he wnuld bet-nine aware that he was heim: questioned ahnnt hi.\ st-'t'l'et.< and. dept-ndinyz upnn his per.-nnalit\". his fear of (HFl'l>\‘9T}', or the <le.~.:re\- of his di<illu.-itntntent with the dlx-tor. |ZI‘"\\' ll"L’tlll\'i§ll('. hustile. 0|’ 1-li\x-it-:illv {ll{i.'l‘e.\‘\‘l\'P. tit-t-:i.-ltm:illv pntient.< had tn lw fun-ii-l\" TP-<ll'8lllPd durimz this pt-riml ll! prt-\-t-ht injury tn theit1.~'el\'¢-.< nr nllI¢'l‘.~‘ :1» the dtwtnr (-tmtinued tn ittterrt-mite. Stvtne patient-. mm-etl l-v fierve and cli!t'n.-e sneer. the fl.'~'5lllll|t‘ll4tl’l that the) hm] nlre:nl\' ht-en trivketl into (‘Hllfl'\\'lll,'-I. and 21 still limited SPIN? of tii~1‘rt>ti~~tt. (letiantly !l(‘ktlu\\letll{v'tl their guilt and vliitlletlgetl the nh.~"er\'er tn "dn stvtttetllittz ahmtt it." .~\.- the ext-itetnent pa.~".~‘ecl. NIFHIP fell h:t('k ml their orig- inal .--it-rie.-< and others veritietl the 1-mtfe.-:-t-ll material. linrinz the follnw-up inter\'ie\\- nine of the 17,.udtnittetl the \'nlitlit\" of their twitifessinnfi; eight re- |m<liat<»d their mttfeewiotts anti reatfirmed their earlier at-t-mmts. \\'itli l'P.~'}iH'l in the relial-ility tit‘ llw resnl|< of snvh interrnzmtimi. Gersrm and \'i<-tm-nfl‘ \'4Il|('l\\tie that ]>Pl'.\'i.\'l1'lll. t-nreful qne.~'tinnin2 t-an rednt-e ambigui- tie.~ in drta: interrngatirvtt. hut cannnt eliminate them :tlt<4:eth<-r. At least nne exprriinent h:i- .~’llu\\'ll that 4~.“]|~i“">. are t-fllmhle of maintaining a lie while antler the inflm-nt»e nf a harhiturata-. lledlivlt and his associates at 1'atet:.'»l :t<itnini.-teretl sntlinm ntnvt:tl tn lllllv vulttttteer-‘. students and profes- .=innal.~ whn had pre\'imi.<l,v. fnr pt1rpn.=e.- of the experiment. revealed shameful und lllllll-pI'u(l\l1'ill'£ epi.<mle- uf their past and then invented false self-protevtive .~t-triew in em":-r them. In ne:trl\ e\-erg: 4~:t.~‘(' the envt-r .-tnry retained some ele- mt-nt~> t-I the guilt inherent in the true :-tnr\'. t'nth~r the intittetwv of the tlrnt: the suhjeets were crossexnmined on their ('ll\'Pl" .<turie.~ hr n set-and investizzatnr. The re.=ult.~". though nut definitive. shnwed

that nnrinal in(lividual.- whit had gt-ml llPfPllN!~‘ and no overt pntholngieal traits cnuhl stit-it tn their invented stnrie.- and refuse ecitifessinn. Xettrntlv individuals with strum: Ulll'0llFl"'lHll~‘ Self-]tllnlll\'t temlenc-ie.-. nn the other band. both con~ fe.<sed inure en.~"il\‘ and were int-lint-cl to substitute !antn:=v fur the truth. con- fe.~‘~'ilt;! tn ttfieltst-.~' m-ver t'l<"luall) ('u!llllllflP(l. In TWP!!! .\"P=tr.~' dz-tn.’ lllvr€l|t\' has math» some use of .=tiinnlnnts. m0.=t notahly ann-lwt:tmin\~ IBPll7,P(ll'lIlt-'| and its relative methnniphetamine tbiethedrinet. Tlu».~'e drm!-. u-'erl either ah-he or fnllmwinzz intra\'ennu.- harl»iturate.< produce an tblllllllllflllll of itlea.~". enwlimi.~'. and memuries u-hit~h lms heen of help in diag- nnsinl: mental dist-r<ler.<. The potential of stimul:tnt~ in interrogation has re- eeivetl little nttentinn. nnle~z~ in ttltttttl-li~'lu~d marl; In Hill‘ stt|<l\' of their pt=v¢hi- atric use l¥ru.-sel rt ul. 17] maintain that methedrine gives the liar no time to think or in 4-rg:mi7.e hi~ ‘iH‘(i),ii“‘l-NY llln*\- the tlrtn: tala-~» in-hl. they ten)". an in- .<ttrtmmntnhh- urge tn pour nnt speevh trn|v.~" the ntalimzerer. Gnttsvhalk. on lliv uthvr hand. naps that this clnim i.- 0-Xlr:t\'fl£allt. nssertiiig without elabnra- tinn that the .~'tutl_\' l:tl-kt-ml ||ru]n'r ('0llll'Ol.~’.|l3] It e\'i<l\~nt that the t-mnhined i.~'

the of ha l'lIlflll"fllP.~‘ and .~"titnnl:utt.<. perhaps along with atnraxies (tranquilizers), .-lntnhl he further explored.

(tB.<};|(\'ATl(t\t~‘ )‘R<t.\l l'R.u'Th'l1

J. M. Mat-Dnnnltl. who n.= a p.=\-rliintrist fnr the District (‘om-ts of Denver hn- llflll exten.~"i\-\- experiem-e with n:nr<-mn1:1lv.=i.~'. .<a\'.- that rlrnt: interrngatinn is of (hm!-tfnl value in nlitztittiltg t-unft-~~i-m.~ tn ('ritn<-.~'. (‘ritninal .<\t.<|te<'ts under the inflneme nf hnrhitnrnte.- may d¢~litwr:1te-ly withhuld intnrnmtimi. persist in i!l\'il\$! untruthful nn.=\\-er.~'. or flllsa-l\ t~nnf\--.- tn \‘I'llll\‘.\‘ they did not commit. Tl!" ll-‘.Y¢'lmpatlti<~ ]|er.-nttttlity. in [vat-tit-ttlar. i|ppe:|r~ tn resist successfully the inflnem-e of tlrn-'.~. Macltntiztltl tells nf a criminal ]l\'\'l'll"Il-'\'lll who. havint: turret-cl to m\rt~n-lnter- rn;;.~|timt. ret-eiwd 1.5 ;:ram.- of .---tlinm :\tn\"t:tl aver tl period <-f five hmtrs. This man feitznetl ntittiesizi and gave n fill§t' at~¢-mint nt‘ :1 mnrtle-r. “lle 4li.-player] little tvr mt l'Plllfil'>'\' as he tfnli-el\‘t tle.~t-riht-d the t-rimt-. int-lutlin: hurial of the ln\d,\‘. 1H'lPPti lH' \\'R~' very st-if-|>tv.=.~e.~'=<><l and he ¢'lP|IPZll"('(1 nlnt~.=t tn enj<v\' the examina- tiun. l~‘rutn time ln time he \\nnltl re-|m-~t that ll!IIl‘|- ntn\-ml he inie<'ted."l2l) Mat-llonald t-onelutles that at trerwti \\hu gives t':rl.-t- infnrniatiun prior tn re-

....|..,. ll ~*

Page 33

30 ct-it-in: tlrtu:.< is llkt-l\' tn give t'nl~'<- infm-tnatihn also under narm.=i< that the tlru|:< :m- ut littlv \':1lm- fur rt-wt-:tllu;' :t<~<~+-1-ti--its. and that thv)‘ art-mm-1» r-fiw-tive in l'l>‘il‘2l\'illL' ttttt--vtt.\v'iutt.\'l\' rvprt->~<-tl Itt:ttt~t'1t|l tlmtl in evukitu: I-m|.<t-lmt.~ly sup- prt-~‘< -ti inf:-rm:ui»m. Alllltill'|' ;».<\t-lti:\tri.<t ktm\\‘u fur hi.~ \\~<»rl\ with (-rimiu:|l~. L. Z. Freedman. cnvv .»-tntium tunjrutl in nwn :||~'u.~'t»tl of \":tri~n.~ r'i\'il mu! military ntltistlr-ial at-ts. Tlw §\ti\lt‘l'l>’ twrv tutitttttllv uu.=t:thlt-, thvir t-nmlitinu~ ranging ft-mu rharavtpr tli~"|-nh-r.~ In ||<-vtr~t-v.< and ]|.~'\'t'hns4'.~1 'l‘lu- drug: itttt-»r\'i¢-w.~' prmw-»tl |:.~'\"t-ltiatr-i<‘all\' hem-ti--i:tl tt- tho tmtil-ut.<, but 1-‘rt-t-tl:n:n| ftntttti that hi.~ \'i<~\\ nf olvjt-t-tin- rvality \\-:|~ .<vl<lnm tht-gr rvtelsttlt-11>. Ht» wzw umthlv tn say mt tht~ tlusts nf illl]6l"t\\'f'(l h_\-

Ihv lmrt-t--int»-rr¢»::;|tinn \\'h¢-tht-r H zivvu at-t hud nr hm] us-t m~('urrt~>d. Likv Mar- lt-m:|hl lw futttlti that p>;\=-lt-»1=:ttl|it- i|tdi\'idtt:tl~ mm tlvn\" tn tlw puiut nf tmr-mt- .~<‘)--n~m-~~‘ vritm-~' that t-n-t‘\" nl>iv-r-ti\'-- sign» imlit-:11:-~ tho-\ bait» l‘ulHlDiHP|].|](l] F. ti Int-zltt. l't'nfe>.~--t" Hf l.:|\\ at .\'nrtlt\\~-<tt-nt t'ni\~-r=it\. \\'ht> htt.~ hurl mm- .~'ith-t':thlt- t-x|»~t-it-m-1 tllr>‘(*Y'\'iltL' amt purtit-iputim: in "truth" drug u-.-t.~ claims th:|'. tlu-\" :tr~- wt-:t\im|:tll,\ t-fl'm-tiw un pt-r~--n.~ \\hu \u»uhl hme (llt~‘(‘l(>§9ti the truth :ttt\‘\\:t\' had tlu-\ In-on pru]mt"I\‘ ittlerr-uzatv-tl. hut that n ]n'r.~t|vtt deter- tlntn-11 t~- lit- \\'ill u<u:tll\' lw nhlv tn» t-~mtlnu-- tht- dt-1-9|-tiem uurlt-r tlru;:<. 'l’h<- t\\-~ tnilit:tr\ |»~"n'lti;t'ri.-t~ Wim ttmrtv thv ttm<t t-.\'t<-n.~'i\"t- ltsv of I|tH't'ufltt€li~ \-.~‘i,~ tlut'in:.' tlw \\‘;u- \"r~:tr.~. Rn) H. Grinkvr um] Julln I‘. Stvivzt-1. vuut-lmh-ti that in ztlttw-t all v:t~t-s tht-x t-huh] nhtztiu frum tlwir ]\:ttitttt.- t~.~*~"»-uti:tll\ tlw SHIN? tn.-m-rhtl an-t -'i\"¢- thrm th-- .~";nm- vmntimml I‘l~'|PH§t' h\ tln-rupy witlwm thv use hi tlrm:~. ]iI‘n\'ltit'ti tlu-\‘ had .~'uttit~itnt tittw. Tlw e'.~~¢>||I'e~ wt‘ t|u'~" 1-nmmt-ut.~ frmt» p|'4»fP.~‘~‘intt:t1.~‘ fit hm: PXP@7‘it'hl‘P is that tlrttlb lmnitll‘ rapid at-<1-t~~ tn ittfnrtllzltiutl that is |t~'\'.~I|itttl'i(‘:tH\‘ t1!=4*f\ll but Of ¢l~ttl.tt'nl \':tluItt\ :t> t’l||]llT'i"€li truth. The .~':um- p~;\"<'l|~l~:'i:~:tl tnfnrnmtitm and n h\.-~ mlul!--r;ttt-tl t-tnpirit-zit truth vnu lvv nlnztitwti frmu fully ('1-t|.~‘<-imt.< s\1l\jt-(‘t.< tlm»n''h twtt-tlr\t;' p~\vtl~|tltt-t':tt|\ and skillful twlivv itttt-rrt-;::tti<»u. AI‘I'I.I('.\TI(|\' TU (‘I ll\'TFRK(I£.\TI(‘|.\' 'l'h.- "ll"...-, :tl,.~¢~n.-»- of |'tlHU'|>Ht‘(l mp»-rinwntnl xtttdim 1»! "truth" drugs ‘tn.-tl atul :h~- -1»-2t\ and :t1|-wt-»t:tl mttttrv ht’ ;-.-_\t-hi=ttri<- amt pt-liw t-\'itIt»tm> require that ~\tr;t|-~»l;|ti-m~ t<- ill!‘-llt|.'~'|t<'v upt-rntit-n.< lw mmlt- with r-are. Still. enouuh is L1--»\\ ll :|t~-mt 1h~- tlr\u:~' at-tinn tu .\-taut:-~"t vet-tnill t-tmsiderntintn atte-vting the

n 1»-~-thilitt--~ ft‘! tht-ir u~~- in itttt-rr~|::tti~>n~. lt ~11‘-ut-1 lw t')|'HT fr--m th»- I--rt-t:--it»: that at ht->.\'t il drm: (‘nu only serve mt nit] itl ant int‘-1'r-»-.;:|t--r \\-hn has it :-urt~ utuh-r.<t:mtitnz nf tlw p.<\'t'l|4>Iut'\' and tt:~h)|iqm'~ -it‘ ||n|'m:|l int.-rrntmtinu. In Still)!‘ Tl.~‘|tH'l>. imlvv-ti. tlw de|n:s1ul.~mt his .-kill \\ ill hr i|t~'rt-;t-ml I»\ tlw iutflillltl tui\turt-tit‘ truth mitt t'nutu>'\' in dru;:~intl\n-ed 1-mtlut. Ant] tlw to-tulmu-\ m::tin.<t whit-It lit‘ nmwt tztmrd in tlw intvrrutnttv In givé tllv r~-~t-<m~<-~ that .~‘t~\-tn t-- lw \\":mtt-d without rvzurtl fur f:|t't.~" will he lteightvttfll I-\ tlrtt-.;~: th=- tin-rntnrv :t|mttml.~ with \\:|rnim:.~ that at rnthjw-t in nnrr-u.~'i~ is o-\trt-mt-l\ >m:t:|-4<til\l|~. It ~'t-~-tn~ |m~'~i|-Iv that thi- slum-<til»ilir\' and tlw Intwred tttmrd <-f the nztrc-oti<' .-1;m- mi;'l|| hp put It» :|d\':n|tm:v in tln~ 1':t.~4- uf it .<tll>iw't fvitznitu: immrunt-P nf u l:m;;u;t:- ur >~tm- utiu-r .-kill that haul Ive-1-mnv nntmu:\ti<~ with him. LiptmtI‘.'0] ft-uml M-tluttu :ttnvt:tl In-it-fttl in d~~tvrmil1iht.' \\|tvHt4~t‘ it fun-i;:n stthjpt-1 \\~a,~ mere)\' ]'|'t‘1t‘Ilti1ll§l nut tu \nult~r\t:|tu1 l'Il1l:li~h li\‘1\\tt-t|~"in|t. tum rttll II\h"~\‘ that a drttmred itttt-rtw-:;:|t<-v might h;t\t-tli‘tTi\'lti1\‘ |tt:tittt:tit|itv' ttu- |tl"¢'lt'Il-'? that ltv did nut cout- ]lTv~h1‘|lt]iiH'lliiI))|1nf;|]i!‘llft'\>i"l)])t‘ \\'u.~ tr\‘iu-' In hith- 'l'h\-t-t- t~" th~- furtht-r pt‘H|Ii\‘lIl Hf ht-.<tilit\ in tlw itttvrru;::tt<~r'.~ rt-liltinltsltip M :1 n-.~i.~t;nn-t- .~tmrt't'. Thv :||~t-tilntthttt-1] kimwl=-tiv;:-- nhmlt "truth" drm: rent-timi h;l~ t-t-||,.~ 1,"-;;.-1\~ ff-n]|| pzttit-tit-pltysivizttt rt-i:\timt.<l\ip.~ of trust nmt t-uttfith-ttw. Tho .-nl-it~-'t in tmrt-u:ttt:tl\".~i.- is u~'u:tll\* ttmIi\‘:lIml u )!1'iw'i tn t'HupH':lto- with the ||.~v|-llintri~t. t-itlu-r tn nlotzttlt rt-lit-t‘ frmtt tmuttal .<utT--riHL' Hr to t-ontrilintv to 8 ,~<~ivutitit I-In-n in |mlit't' \\1||']; uh:-r1~:ttt :ltlt|trs|||t<'l"t- Hf :tn\iet\ and thrvat \-|tt(t_\'.

Hm) lw lilllllillillli. :1 Tl']ZliilIlL\]Ii}\ tit’ tru.~'t In-<|\wutlv\ iL\'>'l‘l'1\ its:-lf. tltv drufl is :|dtnini.\'lt'r\-ti h\ :1 tm-tlit-nl math tmutut I-,1 :t flrit-t 1'--dv Ht’ Pthit-<; the :~'tt.~'pP<‘t :u:n-vim: tn nmh-nu» itttrt-mm.-|l\-~i.~t in =1 4lr'~'|wI':lh~ l-is] fur 4~-irt---I»-rntinn 02' his \|~~']i||\n||\‘ tn|<t\ tmth th-tn; nut! ]t~\t-hi:\\t'i~'t. hn\\‘t'\‘tl’ ;|tIpt'(ltt'tt--in-l\ ztuul tiually. us Frt-t~1ttu:t|| and .\I;u-llmtltld |t:|\'t' itttlimttml. thv pullm» ]I~‘\‘<'itt:ttTi.~‘l {rt-quentl." t1r~:t].~ with ll ".<t--k" vrituilutl. and .-utttv nrttvr of llilliflll-J'l\.\ -'i<-inn fr-itltiml-‘|1it' ltw-t-\~’atril_\‘ v\ul\1-.~'.

Page 34

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31 in\'ol\‘etl "normal" individuals in a hostile has a drug interrogation Ran-i\ threatening milieu. was from a nun-threatening experimental it "reported a or gelluillel\' say that his "normal" subjects setting that 1-Iric Lindemann could confidence. and they exhibited a marked in- general sense of euphoria. ease and (‘Ill‘|llll\ll"ll(‘3l>lllT)'."l17"] tierson and Victoroff list poor crease in talkativeness and interfering with the completeness and au- doctor-patient rapport as one factor were in a Fort llix soldiers. caught as they to narco- --~0'.w-.r

thenticity of confessions by the no choice hut to submit had conunaud performance and told they obtain- interrogation. rapport is usually crucial to --

From all indications, subject-interrogator which may lead to unguarded disclosures. R0le-play- .(~>;v~

ing the psychological release might be a possible solution to the problem ing on the part of the interrogator lu therapy. the British narco- of establishing rapport with a drugged subject. distort the analyst William Sargent recommends that the therapist deliberately emotional response life-experience to achieve heightened facts of the patient's narcoanalysis patients are prone to drunken state of and alir--in-tioii.l2T] 'sin the constructions. expect that a drugged There reason to r-y*"-w.

is accept the therapist false interrogator playing the role of rela- sul~_i~-ct would comnmnicate freely with an person to whom his inunediate supcrior. or any other tive. colleague. physician. responsive. -l¢\v\\Q¢£y

backgroulid indicated he would be drug action however. ll|t‘t'-- remains one facet ofemerge from Even when rapport is poor. interrogation-the fact that subjects eniinently exploitable in they have not. As narcosis feeling they have revealed a great deal. even when set provides a at l-‘ort llix. this psychological Gers-on and \'ictoroff demonstrated confessions. major opening for obtaining genuine _

POSSIBLE VARIATIOX S to one-half the his associates.[3-6] onethird In studies by Beecher and placebo reactors. subjects who respond with individuals tested proved to be of any syringe. pill. or capsule, regard- symptomatic relief to the administration been made of the less of what it contains. Although no studies are known to have that narco-interrogation. it seems reasonable to plat-elm phenomenon as applied productive interrogation. a placebo interferes with when a st1l»je(‘t'.~' sense of guilt have the etfect of ahsolving him of it the responsibility for pseudo-narcosis could communication. is notable that the way for free for his acts and thus clear efl't-ctive in situations of stress. The individuals placebos are most likely to be more self-centered, more lnost likely to react to placebos are the more anxious, needs more freely those who express their dependent on outside stimulation. with others. The non- -*"<'iH1l.Y lfllkvrs who drain off anxiety hy conversing average emotional rigid and with better than reactors are those clinically more reactors and non-reactors have been control. .\'o sex or I.Q. differences between found. with hypnotic trance Another possibility might be the combined use of drugs prevent any recollec- sttggestioiiz hypnos-is could presumably and post-hypnotic Whether a subject can be brought to trance against tion of the drug experience. some disagreement. firne. in a survey however. a matter of his will or unaware. asserts that it is doubt- is in interrogation.l‘.’3l of the potential uses of liytmosis that trance can be induced indications to the contrary. ful. despite many apparent to hypnotize a subject unaware. may lw possible. he adds. in resistant subiects. it posili\'e relationship with the hypuotist not likely to but this would require a interrogation setting. be found in the sodium is sonietimes employed when only light ln medical hypnosis. pentothal narcosis is desired. This procedure is a tralico has been induced and deeper but a satisfactory level of narcosis could be possibility for interrogation. if for drugs. :lt'hie\'1-d through hypnotic trance there would appear to be no need DI-"TEN Fl\'l'Z M E.-\§\'llI>I\' for a "truth" drug without creat- Thcre is no known way of building tolerance induced. the action of n barbiturate once adminis- di-"a\~ling addiction. or or arresting ing a narco-intcrrogation is to prevent the The only full safeguard against the hr-<1 defense is to make use of the same tration of the drug. Short of this-_ operations". if a subject knows that i knowledtlv "H" -“llfillt-sts drugs for offensive exaggerated notion of how much he on emerging from nnrcos-is he will have an he has said anything. has revealed he can better resolve to deny

Page 35

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32 The disadvantages and sbortcomtutze of drugs in otfensive operations become |»O.=iii\'t- fertttm-= of the det'en.~1- pn.<lt.lt'(& A t=\tl\je(‘t in ‘nfl!'(‘n-inl‘P!'rtiga\‘i0n is tntoxir-at»-ll. \\-averiuiz ht-tween deep sleep and t-zenti-\\'akeft1lnes.~'. His speech is gflfhifili and irrntiotml. the amount of output drastically dintiniched. Drugs 0_-¢/v‘-a./-»

disrupt estztltlisltetl thought patterns. includiut: the will to resist. hut they <10 so in<li.<t'ri|||it|:ttt*1\' and thus Blsu interfere with the patterns of stth<tnnti\'e infor- Itlfllittlt UN‘ lHl¢'!‘l'"l!=lYl~r t~'t-eks. E\en under the cottditiotw most fn\'nr1;h‘|p fpy -~4-.

the inn-rrogtttor, output will be contaminated by fflYtitt.=\‘ (lit=tnrtion and Po.~\"ihl\' the most etT¢-t'ti\'e \\":t_\' to arm oneself against tmrt-o-interrnnntirm ummgh ‘\”‘)--6*

would he to umleruo it "dry run.“ A trinl drug: ittterrotztttion with output taped for plztyl-ttvk woultl futuiliztrize an imlivitlttnl with his mvn !'9n('fin]),u to '-1;-mil" drum. ttntl this fnmilinrity would help to reduve the effeets of hnrnxstuent by '

the lL\H'I‘l‘uL'iltIn' hefore and after the tlrut: has in-en atltttittisteretl. From the \‘it-w- point of the intellnzent-e .-erviee. the trial expmure of a pttrticulttr operative to dTl1l!.< tniuht provitltt tt rough hotwltttmrk for as.~e.~.~itu: the kind and amount of iufortuzttion he ttoultl tli\‘ttl;.'e in tutr-~o.<i:-. Tlwro lu:t\' he <-out-t-rn u\'|'t‘ the }~o~.-ihilit\' of drtn: adtlirtiott intentionally or at-t-itlentttlly imltn-oil by nu ml\"er.~:tr\" serrit-e. 1\lo~'t drugs will e.'tu.~"e atltlit-tion with prolomzetl u<t~, and the h:trt-itur:tte.~ tire no ext-eptiou. In reeent r-tntlit-< at the I‘..\‘. l'ul-lie Ht-ulth St-r\'i<~e llttqtitttl for adtlit-ts in Lexington. KL. sttttjevtfi rt--1-in-tl lurzv tlu.<|*.\‘ of h:trhitur:tt- ~ o\'t~r n period of mouths. Ypou l"Pmn\'uI of the tlrnz. they experietn-i-tl ttrute \\'i\l|tiI‘;|\\'£)i symptoms and behaved in every rest»-<-t like (‘|t!'ullit' :|lt‘vltnli~‘t~‘. their tn-tion is extretueh" .-hnrt. however. and lteeause there is little "r Be<':|tt~"t- "W lilo-liltot-tl thttt “otthl he ndutiui.-ten-<1 fl-'llll1il!‘l\" over :1 prolontzed period. tht-v |t.'tt‘|\i\\1Ttllt~ "truth" tlt"u;:- ||re.-out slight risk of nlwmtimml mldictinn. If the ml\'t~r<.-try t-zert-it-o were intent on vrentitu: Rtltlil-lion in order to. exploit with- drawal, it wnltltl h:t\'1> other. more rtttvitl lll6’iHl.\‘ of pt-odtu-int: states as tttttileamnt as \\'illttlt':|\\:tl ~',\‘tlt;\tt\ttt~ The h:illut'itmto!‘\‘ ttml ||~'\‘t~It-ttfitttittitttit" drttzx :<u<-h as mesealine. nmriltutmtt. LSD ‘.5’-. nntl tni--rotitw are t~t-uwtitne.~ mi.<t:tkenl3' !l.<.<I>t‘ln1Hl with narr-nnn:|l\'tit- interrtttmtiott The.<e dru-'~' tlistort the pert-e|ttitm nml interpretation of the sen- sory input to the 1-Plttrttl nerum.< .-y.-tetn and nth-<~t \'l.~'i(\I|. mulitiou. smell. the sett<:|tiou of the .-iv» uf hotly t\ttrt.~' and their pttsitititt in spat-ct. etr-. New-nliue and I.‘-<l\LZ-'» lmve In-en ttwtl to t-rt-ate expo-rituentnl "pe<§"c~hotit- st:tte§." and in I minor \wt;t' :t- nitl> in ]|.~'jt'(‘|l|\Y1lPTIl]\,\'. Sim-e information oi-tuittetl from a pt-moat in a p-<\"<~ltoti<~ drug state would he \lltl'PitH§li('. l-i/.:trt-1-. autl t-xtretnely d2tli~~ult to u.<.-e.<~‘. tho sell‘-strltniui<tration of 1,-\‘lI»‘.'.'t, whit-h i.~ efleetiw in minute tlo~":tut-.~. might in qwvinl ~-irt-\tnt§t:tuce.= offer an operative It-‘tn]mr:t!‘\‘ prote--tiou ttt::tiu.~'t interrogation. (‘oueei\'nhl\". on the other hunt}. an tttlw-r.~;tt'\' so-r\'i<~e 4-nuhl u.-t- .-tn-h zlrugs to protln--e nuxiety or terror in tnetlit-:tll_\" ttt|.~0pl|i.~til':tlwl .~ttlviet-t~ unnhle to di.~'tin|:tti.~"h drttz-imltteed p.<\'<-lto<i= from :tt'ltt:tl ius:tnit\-. An ettlislttoned ttper:tti\'t- eottltl not he thus fritlhtened. lm“-ewr. knowim: that the effort of these halluc-iun;:enit< agents is tran-ient in normal iutli\'itlunl.-. Mt,,-t l|rn:ttll\'. there i» evident-e that tlru|;- have least effect nu tvell-ntljusted lndi\"idu:tl< with good defenses and goml Plltnllultttl <-outrol. and that anyone who mu \\'ith<t:tntl the .-tn-~:< of t-otntu-tent ittterroatttintt iu the \\'{ll>(lI1£ .~‘t:ttP can do so in ttnrvo.=i~:. The e.~.~'enti:tl re.~'ot1rw.= for re.~"i.-tnttee thus appear to lie within the intlivitlunl. <‘n.\"< t.t'.<xo:\".- .

Tim salient point» that etnerge ffnll: thi~ lii~'<~tt~‘.\'imt are the followintz. .\'n sue-h nmtziw ht-mt" n~ the popul.-tr notion of truth exists» The ltnrltitttrntes. hy .~‘4't‘tlllt

disrttltfillfi tlefeu<i\~e |a:tHc=t'lt\‘. tu:|\- .<t-tttotitttm he lu-lpful in interrogation. hut even tttuh-r the ht-.~'t t-omlition~ they will t-lieit an output t-ontmuinntetl I-\ tlw-t-;»- lion. f:nitn<y. zttrl-letl s|n-1-wit. Pttz A utujor \‘ttl|tt-rztlvility they protltn-0 in the sub- jevt i= :t temh-tn-\' tn hello-\ t- he hm" re-venletl ttmrv than he h:t~'. It is po.--ihle. how- ever. for hoth tmrttutl itttli\'itltt:|l~ and ]|~\‘t-|ut||:tH|~ to re><i-t tlrnt: interrogation: it .-eettt< likely that :tn\' ituli\i<ltt:tl \\i|u can \\'ith~t:tml orrlitmt-\' itttetwive litter- rozation 1-an hold nut in nan-o<i.~". The I-t-t~t aid to n deft-n-e atzainfit narw»ittter- rnzzttlon i.~' ftIrt'ktio\\‘l|-111:0 of tln- pro:-e~'~' and its lituittttiotts. There t\ nu nrute ll et ~< l for m|tlH‘l|liml e\peritnent:tl -ttnlio~ of tlruu rent-tion. not n|tl_\‘ to de|m-.-w.-mt.- . .

hut :tl<n tn s-tinutl:|nt.~ and to Gtllttltitttttitttts of dc-pressants. stintttlttttts. and atnrnxit-.~.

Page 36

33 ~»-~..,-.~_..,

IU;n;tu-"..\ U-is

1. A<!:nn<. I-I. Rnrhiturzm-~. S1-i. .-tm...1un. 193*". I.‘-".~'l1t_GO-fi-I.

L’. Markham. J. Truth ]>ru;:~: The In-\\' r-rinw .<ul\-er. (‘In-mn! J;m 19.‘-1_ 29, -0 c: :1

3 “6'(‘t'1l0!‘. H. K. Am-<thv.-i:t. -“vi. Am.. Jan. 151.37. l!"\'_ 1». TH, -e*>:-~

-I. ---- .\;-3-r:ii.<:ii uf 4lrn;'.~" intenrh-<1 In alt!-r .~:nhj+-1-tin» roe~']xm.~*e.~‘ snnptoms. .],,lm1r, J]: Ii .1xxt1..1$t.'\.'~, I5-\'. 39'.‘--101. .7. —--. 1-I\'ith»1n-1» fut‘ im-rt-u.<¢-d t=fl‘evtiven0<s of |||:l('€lm.< with 1Il('1"9{1.\1'(] .~1m¢r. -I. I'h_u~i~l.. 19.11;. I87, 163-16!‘. .<trt-~.~".

ti. ~———. EX}iPrilllPXtlit1 plu|rm:|(-<>1u;;v and Im»:\.~urt\nn-nt of the suhjm-tive r0.\;-un-oM-i¢~m'¢,1€I3It llti. 1-'~T—1ti'.’. T. Brti.<s(>l. J. A.. \\'ii.~"nn. ll. <.'.. Jr.. & Nlattke-1. L. \\'. The !1!~‘(- nf 1u¢»t1n»drim= in )i.\‘\r1!i;!11‘i\~pHl('Ii1'§'.]'Il1I"hilI1,(‘JlH|7'f.,11t.'v-1. J-‘. 3!~1~31H. r. Ile-lay. .1. l'11:1rltt;u'ui1\{£it' e.\'plnrntiun.~" nf the |wr.<nn:t1itv: lmn-n:|n:|l\'.~'i.< and "int-Hu-dri|1r*" :~'hm~k Prur- R1»;/. Nut‘. .1h1!.. 1943'. 1'12. 45?.’-41113. H. alt-Rum». R S. In-ups and Hm Hind. .\'¢-w Ym-k (trove : 1're-.~".<. In('.. 1960. ]q ].‘|~,.,,,1,,,;,1, ], 7,. "Truth" dru;:~; .\'1'i. .~tm.. .\l:|r|~ll ltuul. 14.1-1.14,

1. t;vi.<, G. In .<<-n1-nhnninv ve-ritn.~. Thv early hi.-mr_\' of (171121-1lll|!l4‘Pl1 Mate-

"r nn-nt.<. J. of Prim, Lair. Vriminnf. ¢(- Pol. .\'r~i.. .\'¢-v.-Xlw- 110.11», 5m-t, 3..|735g “1 1;’. t;vr.-<»n. M. J.. 6; \'it-tr-rnfl'. V. I-Ix|n»ri|m-nt;|l iiii-vstigzitit-ti intu the validity of vm|f\-.~".~imi- nhtnhwd llmh-r sudimn :un_\'t:|l llflI'(‘n.~‘i.\'. J. ('Iin. INN] Ha-)1. I'ay:-Im- puIh.. 1104. 9. 37:11--I¥T.'|.

1. (§0tt.~'4~h:\11;. L. A. Thv use of drugs" in infm-matinn-so-e-kin: inwrvie-\v.~'. T('r'h-

Nirvfl rrpm-t $2. ARIN‘ Study SI? 17?-I) Con~t‘ru4't 18 (60!/0 1797. Dev. 19-'».\. AF lhm-:m nf .\'m‘§;!1 .\‘<-i~~nt~+» Rt-.<¢-art-ii. lm-.

1. H<m.~». R. l-1. The use of s¢-npr\i:|n|im- in vriminnh-g_v. Tmrnx .\'!. J. of 3101.,

1!¢'.‘;.‘. IF. 231*. llmmtnn. F. A pn~liinin:ir\' invc-stig:\tim1 into {l1lH'iI(‘11\'\Il <-mnpnrhn: rnt>the- 17». drinv and s-»-iium :nn\t:\i with 011191‘ 1lN‘(hO(1.\'. J. Jlrnt. Sr'i.. 12052. 707410. -‘IF-'.

1. 1nh;m_ 1-‘. It .\‘rlj-inrriminnHun. Springfield: 1‘. t‘. Thmn:x.-. 1950.
2. Kidt1.. \\'. R. l’nIir"r iNN‘i'I'f»_Uflfim). 19-10.
3. Inznl (tow of truth. .\‘r'n".~u'('vk. I-‘eh. 23. 19."i!1. 25.
4. Limit-nnmn. E. 1'.-ye-l|n1<u.'i<-:11 ¢'h:|t||:+=s in nornml and almnrmnl individuals

nn~1~~r thv inthwnw nf .<ndin1n nniytni. Amrr. .1. I‘-_u1'hiu1.. 1932. ll. llr\:{-1091. 20, Liptmt. E. L. The mnytal int:-r\'ie\\'. A revit-xv. .-1 mrr. I’:-urtit. higrat Trmt.. 1!!-'~H. I. 1+'-ll‘-3.

1. !\Im-Ilnnnhl. J. .\1. .\'nrpnmin1_v:~'i.< and rriininal law. Amrr. J. P33/rhint.. 195-1.

III. '.'fl3~‘.IQ\

1. .\l<rrri.<. D. 1'. lntrnvmimxs harhitnrntt-.-: RH aid in the» diaznnsis and treat-

nwnt hf vmm-r.~"i--n h_\‘.\'t+=ri:1 mu] nmlinst-rin:. .1I|'I. .\'m'!!-. HHS, 94". 110-?"-13.

1. (Inn-. M. T. Thv pntvlitiui 1I.\'t'P= nf h§']bi|n<1\' in iIt\‘\'l'I'tv£1l|‘itII1. An 9\'nlu:itinn.

.-lRI)(‘ Study -QR I7?-I) (‘nrrtrnrt .4 F 184600: I797. DH-. 195$. Bureau Of Social .\‘¢~imn-P R1-st-:1r<-11. liu-.

1. Pvlikan. 1-Z. \\'.. & Kc-n<l--r. t‘. J. Si-d:tti\1-.<: Tlwir phnrinnu-nIo;:_\' and iises.

Rvprint from Thr .Uulir~al ('lnm-.v hf .\'m"fh .Im('ri¢-n. \\'. B. S.-umde-rs (‘ompnn_\'. Svpt. 19."»\.

1. Rt-dlivll. F. (‘.. Ravitz. 1.. J.. & In-.-.-itm. G. ll. Nan-nai|:\ly.<i.< and truth.

.~1nn-y- .1, F'xl1('hiuf, ‘l$J.'»] Il)T_ .'|\li .'|!lR.

1. Rulin. J. l'0Hr'!' In-uyn. 'I‘r:sn.<1:1t<-d h_\' L. J. Bviidit New York: 1‘hi]nsnphir:i1

1956. I.ihr:\r,\'.

1. Sn rznnt. \\'.. & Sharer. 1-I l'h_uxivn7 mrthmls nf Irrnhur-nf in pay/rhintru. (3rd.

rd.) Bnltiinnrs-: \\'illi:nn.= and \\'ilkin~. 11134. ‘'.\. Qnitk\t‘.H. S.t't=rt-In-llnin. .\‘r‘i..~tm..A\1t:.1?\3Q.R1. 29 !‘hr I,. & Mill‘-r, 1,, (; (0-d.~1} I)rur/.v um] h'<'Jmrinr. .\'P\\' Ynrk-Ixmdmt: John \\'i1P\‘ 5: Fons. Inna. 1900. Senator “'.u.i.ut*. If tho)“ arc. I Wmlht n.=;nin0 that you would still try to find from oithvr thc\ir.= m" .~nim~l»m1\' \l.<0'.< information how to prntvct our p<0ph* from that kind of :tcti\'it\‘. Admiral Tl‘-‘RX!-‘J1. Yes. Sonatnr “T-u.t.0|'. Thank \'nn \'t‘1‘_\' much. Thank yon. Mr. ("hairmam Smmtnr Tr~'nrYr.. Svnator (“haf00? Senator (‘nun-2. Thank you. r. (‘hairman. M

Page 37

34

Admiral Turner. I appreeiate that these taxrdry aetirities were tale *‘~.\w.~_-vi ing pl:u'e long hefore your \\'B.l('ll. and I think you have correctly laheled them as abhorrent. but not only were they ahhorrent. it seems to me they were rather hnngzletl. amateuri.=h e.\;periment>" that don’t “'

seem to have heen hamlletl in a \"er\' seientitie way. at leaet from the .<eant\' e\"i<h-nee we hare. me that there were the minimum of reports and the """1"""'

It seem.~' to .-\;'<-my di<ln't have llte ahility to eall it quits-. It went on for some 1:2 \'e:u-.~".as you mentiom-ll. \\'hnt ] wouhllike to get to is, are you eon- \'l1|<'\'tl tmw in your .\;'t~nt~\' that tho.~"e st-it-ntitie expt-rinu-nt.~. legiti- ‘ mate one;-" that you were eonrtuetingg with pol_v,qraph and so forth, were "5 heing enmlm-tml in a seientitie manner and that you are handling it in a eorreet manner to get the best info:-mation that you are seeking in ‘ha the end ? Admiral Tt'n.\'r.n. Yes. I am. and I also have a sense of confidence that we are limiting ourselre:= to the areas where we need to be in- I volvetl as oppo,-"ed to area; where we can rely on others. ..

' Senator (‘n.\rt:r.. I am eonvineezl of that from your report. I just do ,,-

hope that you have ieople who are trained in not only handling this tvpe of experimenhlmt in prep:n'ing the proper reports and drawing the proper data from the reports. You are convinced that you have thl~ t\'pe of people? Athniral Trnxizn. Yes. sir. Senator (‘l!.\rri:. The seeontl point I am intere.=te<l in \va.= the final line.~ in your te:=timon\' here. which I believe are very important, and that i< that the .\g<~nev is doing all it eau in coo ieration with other of the (iovernmeut to go ahout traeltingz (lown the itletitity of lll'illtt"l\(‘S

those who were in some way arl\*ersel\‘ atleeted. and .=ee what <-an be done to fultill thego\'er1mient'.= re.~"pon.<ihilitie.= in that reepeet. I might mltl that I eommentl you in that. and 1 hope you will pursue it \’.t;'m'nll.~“~l_\‘.

A hoqiital in my State wa< involx-erl in the.=e proceedings, and it is unelear exaetlv what tlitl talie plat-e. sol have both a pat'o<‘h.ial intere.=t in this aml a uutional intere-t a.~ well. and 1 tln ll()}it* you \\lll ' pre» on with it. It ln\'ol\'e.~ not only _\-nu. I apprer late. hut al.~o 111'.“ and 1mer- ‘ ‘ -

hap~ the .-\ttorne\‘ General. Admiral Tl'R.\'Elt. Tlmnlz you. sir. \Ve will. Senator ('n.\H:t-:. Thank \'on. Thank you. Mr. (“hairman _ I

Qenator I.\‘ot'\‘r.. Thank you \'t‘I‘\'1IHl(‘ll. \¢lmlr:|l 'I‘m'ner. .\ll{l'lfl'l{.\ t=nli]n'uie(‘t It \\'a.~' :1 projeet ln\'ol\'in;_' the .<m'reptitious :ulmini.~'t ration of LS1) on unwitting ]l(‘l'.~'0llS. \\'a.~ it not '5

.~\tl|nit'al T\'It.\'}ZIt. Yes. sir. l~'enator INo1'\‘F.. In I-'ehruar\' 19.‘-4. and thi.~ \\":\< in the \'er\' early St:\;!t*~‘of .\ll{l'l.Tl{.\. the llirt-<-tor of ('entr:1l lutelli;'en4-e wrote to the tevhnieal .=er\‘it-e.~ statl otll='iul.< <'I'ltl<'t7.ltt;1 their juttgnu-m l)(‘(‘Illl>T‘ 1}“-v hm] ]|;\]'Iir'lptlH'(l in an experiment ltt\‘<il\‘ll|;' the mluiniistrattou of l..\‘l I mi mi un\\'ittin;: l|:l1~‘t- to llr. I-‘ranlt (ll.~<m. who later t'0lltltHflt‘tl .<uit-id‘-. .\'o\\~. the imli\"irlu:il~ eriti--izetl were the .~tune in<li\‘i<lual.- who " the ~ame ]n':te- ' '

\\'en- r\'.~"po1iFililt- tort l u.~ su l |pl'oje' tt -». ln\ol\‘in-1't"&:|etl\‘ '

,. ~~ o t'tlel:mm-rs . -

_

though the<\- uuhxitlu-il~ \\et\- ' '

t1c'e.<. 1".\' e it . . . t le.ul\_ tt\\.'tIt' , t t

of .~mu-1>t1t1ou.~ mlunm.-tt.ition um ll.mt ll ten -1 _ -- ' ' ' ' '

~ * '- i t'l'll\t‘l7.(‘tll\_\‘tlt(‘lltl"(’(‘l0l‘

Page 38

• 35

-4.»

of (‘entral Iiitelligein-e. suhprojeet It was not terminated immediately after hr. ()l.~'tm'.~ tleath. 4‘-\%__4Jv\

In fat-t. at-eni-tlin;; to tloeinnt-nt.~. it vnntinuetl for a nuniher of years. -- (‘an _\'uu pt'n\'itlt' this eominittee with any explanation of how Surh testing <-out.) lmvp t-ontinuetl tmtlt-t‘ these eirui|nJ~"tam-es? .\<lniii-al TI“lt.\'I~lIt. No. sir.l really can't. ~‘vw:nI-

Senator Ixm"\'r.. Are the iI1(ll\'l<llttllH in the teehnieal services who earrietl on suhproject 3 still on the (‘l.\ payroll? Admiral Tl'It.\'}Ilt. I am sorry. .-\1'v you asking. are they today? ,_‘,-,

Senator IN1t\'Yl~Z. Yes. .»\<lmiral Tl'R.\7l~ZR. No. sir. Senator I.\'u\'Y1~I. \\'hat \\-mild \'on do if you eritieized ofiieials of the v./:¢,,.<-K," tet'hni<-al services stall and they eontinuetl to earry on experimenta~ tivn for a nuinl>er of years? Athniral Tl'lL\'}1lt. I wonltl do two tliin,-;.=. sir. One is. I would he sure at,the l)(-gi|ming that I W519 ('X[Ill<'ll ('t!<Ill;[lt fllfll H19)‘ lil'l(‘W (hill I want that to he eontinuetl tHt\'\\’ln't'l' else. and two. if 1 found it tlilln't being eontinnetl. I would roll some heatls. Senator ],\-or\'i:. (‘ould you provitle this committee with informa- tion as to whether the intlivitlnals involvetl llflll their heads rolletl? Atlmiral 'l'ut.\'r.i:. l tlon't believe there i.~ any evidence they did, but I will tlouhle elieek that. [See p. 170 for material refer:-etl to.] Senator l?\'Hl'Y!l. As \'mt know. Senator llutltlleston and his Suheom~ mittee are (let-pl\' llt\'ul\'('tl in the drafting; of eltarters and guidelines for the intelligt-nee t't)]Hll)lll)l1\'. \\'e will he meeting with the President l0tl|()t‘t‘O\\'. (tut t-on<~ern is. I think. a basie one. (‘an anytliingz like this nt'<'ttt‘ again? Arlniiral 'Tl'Rx£it. I think it would he \-er\' very unlikely. first. be~ ean.~e We are all nmeh more eonseiou.~ of these issties than we were hat-k in the fifties. seeond. heeanse we have 2-'tl(‘lt thorough oversight proee- tlnres. I cannot imagine that this kiml of aeti\'it\" could take plaer? tod:|\" without some nieinher of the (‘l.-\ itself liypassing me. if I were authorizing this. and writing to the Intelligent-e Oversight Board, and blowing the whistle on this l-tintl of aeti\'it\'. I am also doing my \'er'\' best. sir. to eneonrage an openness with m\‘self and :1 free eoimnnnieation in the .-\gene\'. so that I am the one who finds these things if they should happen. The faet is that we ninst keep you and your eoinniittee and now the new committee in the House informetl of our sensitive activities. I think all of these add up t0 it degree of scrutiny sneh that this kind of extensive and flagrant activity eonltl not happen to<la\' without it coming to the attention of the proper authorities to stop it. Senator I.\'ot'\'i:. A sad aspect of the .\Il(I‘L'I‘RA project was that it natiirally involvetl the people who un\\*ittin;:l\' or \\'ittingl\< got in- volved in experimentation. I u-onltl appret-iate it if you would report ltflt‘l{ to this (‘0tt1tt1ittt-0 in 3 months mt what the Ageney has done to notify these intli\'itlual.~" and these institutions. and furthermore. to notify us as to what step~ have been taken to itlentify rirtiins. and if identified. what \-on have done to assist them. monetaril\" or otherwise. Admiral Tt‘R.\'r:i:. All right. siixl will lw ]iapp_\' to. Senator G(tl.D\\'.\T}Llt. l\'ill the Senator yield f

Page 39

36 Svnator I.\'m"nt. Yes. sir. _,~

.971-n:ttm' (i<n.nw.\"rr.n. I wnnth-r if ht- vonhi iIn'itnit~ in that rt-port for onr int'unnatiun only a ('()IHl\i(’It‘ ii.<ting of thv i|nii\‘itht:|i.= and the ..~...-.. P.\]>t‘I'i)n(‘Hi.-110114‘ on thvm. and wh<~tht-t't]w\- wt*t1> \\'ittit);_fut' unwitting. '\'fiil\IH\'t‘l‘ or nunvnhtntt-m". and what has ht-t-n thv twttit in vat-h Ca.=0.

- Ithink that Wulliti ho intt-res-'tin,q. Athnirai 'I't'n.\"t»:n. Fin:-. Yvs. sir. ~e~/:- St-tmtur IY\'t>\'\‘}1. St-nattn" Kc-ntn-<l\"? St-imtnr ](i:.\'.\'i;m'. Thank vnn. It is _\~mn' intt-ntion tn nntify the in- di\'ith1:tI.< nhu haw hm~n tht- snhjvt-t.< of thv 1'0.-‘t*:it't-ii. is that right. -

Athnirai Tnrn<\r? I10 you intvnti to nnti1'\' tlinst-i1nIi\'id\taI.=? 1-"" Athniral TrR\'t:t:. Yes. .\'t*nattn~ ]{i:.\'.\'un'. If yon ran idt~ntif\‘ tht-in. ‘\-mt intvntl to notify them! .-\<hnirai Tt'n.\"t:n. Yt».=. And "-"rv\"W\-

S<~natm- K)iNN}Zl\\‘. you intent] to notify thv uni\"er.=itivs or rt» st-an-h (‘t'llIt‘I'.~ as woli f .\thnirai ']'t‘|:.\i:t:. .\‘vnatm‘. I mn tnrn on that. I ttti<It>t'e=tamI \'mt1‘ opt-ning .=tatt-tin-nt. I put |n\:~r-if in thv |m.=itinn of tho p1'v.=itlvnt of 0110 nf !hn~t' uni\'<\r.<itit-.<. It-t's say. If he wort» \\~ittin;:—if his unix-o1~.=ity had hvmt witting of this at-tivity with us. ht» has at-or-5.; tn ail that in- fnnnatinn toda\". If Iw \\‘P!'t' nnt \\'ittin;'. I \\-mnim' if tho p1'0r~t.<.< of inft>t'|nit1;1 him might put his in.~=titntinn'.< reputation in mm-0 jonpat-tI\' than letting tht-m go on tht~ waft" thv\" are tothty. not knowing. I really tiun't know thu t~q\titi<.<i|t-1'0. .\‘tnatm' I{tt.\'.\"r:m'. \\'t-1l.thv pmhit-in is. ail you h:t\‘t~ to do is pit-k up tho 1te\\".=p:ipm".~ and \'nn st-0 tht-».~e ttni\'<>r.~"itio.~ ITN‘HIifiH(’tI. In tnany in~ .=tant-\»~. I think you aw putting thv nnivt-t-.~it\" ]N'()])It‘ at an e-xtraor<1i- nat'\' tii.~a<i\'anta;'t-. \\‘ht't't- thvrv i.~ a <-mnplvto vhan;tt- of :uhnini.~"tra~ tiun. anti tht-\' inn)" fut" um‘ rt-a:=nn or anrtthvr nnt have infm-matinn that tht~\' aw nn~h~r .~tt~}>it-itm. Thvrv is intntvntin: tlwrv is rmnmx I cannut ht-ip hut ht-lit-vo that it will jn.—t got .=tn0:trvtt all over the new.=- papa»:-< in Spitv nf all thv .=r\rut'it\' stvp< that haw hoen takmi. It §('(‘lll- tn niv that thnsn t1ni\‘t~r;~"it it-.~ shmthi lw t-ntitlvti tn that infor- matinn. sn that thv nnt'.< with ntht-r a<hnini.<tratinn> can adapt |n'0<~e- than-.~ to prntt-t-t thosv UI)i\'('I'$iIi(‘.~@. Tho impm-tanmt of 1m-.~m-viiig tho illtit'|>t'HlIt‘1lt'(‘0f0\\l'l‘t‘!~(':H't'i1 area» and tin-t'(i1I1II\t1niti€*.~‘ st-0n\.= to me to hv a \'(-t'\' fntnhunontal kind of qm-.~’ti<m about tho protection of the intt>;'t-it_\' of mu‘ tmi\'t>t'.~"itir\.< and M11‘ !‘P-<‘B1'\'h <‘l’l\t\‘I‘-‘-

Athnirai TI'l!.\'}1lt. You aw .~"a\'in;: that \"mt fecfl that if we it'i(>ntif\'

tht-in pt'i\'at(-i\' to tilt'IH.~'t'i\'t'.~' wt» can honvfit then: in an atloqnatv way to t-n\'t~r thv t'i.~"k that thi.~ will imni to a lllnft‘ pnhht" tI1.~'t~In<ttt't\_? '1 hvrt‘ at?

101,» of ma sn whn haw nut ht-on itivtttitiotl pnhh<'I\" at fills point. Svnattw ](t:.\'.\"i»:|n". I think thv ttnivm-.~itit~s iIl(‘IH.<(‘i\'P.~‘ shnnid be noti- fied. I think tht-n tho \lI)i\'t‘l'.\itit*~‘ van take \vhato\'t\r §t(=p< tnte1'tn<nf tht-ir .~‘vttin;; up tln- ])1‘tw(\t]l1]'o§ to ]n"0tv<~t tI|(‘H' own ktntls of tnt<'grtt\' in i(‘I'Hl.~I of tho fntm-v. I wnuhl ('(‘l‘T:liHI\' hopo that 111°.‘ “"‘"M I""] flmt flu»; 4-(mm mnkv :1 pnhlj.- <~tnnnt0nt oi a pnhhv stat\~1nt>nt on it. I think it i~ nf ;;t-inn-:11 plliiiiv intt~t-t~.<t. ]ml'tlt'l1i:tt'I\: for the poopio that are in\'oi\‘t'tI in tho‘-9 tttti\'er.-=itit*,~". In have ~"ntln- kind of a\\":m-no.-:~ of whothvr thvv wt-r<- n.~t-ti 01' \\‘t-rv nnt t1.~t~t'l and hn\\' tho)" \\'vro "Sati- I think thi-\' aw mititlvd tn it. anti quttv ft':|11ki\".it'ti|t*i'Pha ptthhr ofiiriai or an nfiiviai of tin» nni\t-r.~it\" that you notify anti he wants

Page 40

y‘ 37 W for his Own ]1at'tir‘11la1' r1":1.=m1.~" not tn have it pnltlic, I d0n’t see why fl1t1.~‘(‘ in :1 l0.=>t-1' 1*1~l10lu11 01-l<1w1-rot-l1+»l<m w]10l1r1\"1- been et‘T1-ctivelyused as w1-ll. Q-,~_

l1_\' it .<l1m1l1I not havetl10i11fm"n1:1ti<>11 11ni\'(-rsitivs and then 4-

Sn. I would l111|11- that you v1~m1l1l t1utif\‘ tho I can't 1-11111-t-in» that this i11f01'111ation will ~ also itulit-ate to thv piihliv. people at ll(‘\\'.~1):lp1'l'.=. and p11t.<tl1c~ 1111i\"er.<it\' 11ot be put out in tho it '€">;<'-*

an ext1'a0r1Ii11a1~\' and of 1-mlt‘.<(' $01110 of it is wrm1;'. di.<:ul\':111t:1;;e. .~'0111t- 1u1i\"o1'sit\' ofiir-ial which is the fart of the n1att1-1-. and I think than if tl1v\' knnw it is 0011- 1litl11'1-nt wt-ll. it it-'11't $0. is 11 lut itsvlf. I think that sa\'i11;;". firint-tl 01" it i.= not t"fiI]fil'I]N"(I i11t1»1-111.~ of thv .-\;'1~111~\- th(-1'1- 1'1-.~|>n11.~ihilit\' th1-1'0. witl1 what \'m1 are .=a\'i11g. r-1"" i.~‘ :1 .~'\'111]1:1tl1\' AtIIllITfll T1'11.\'i111. I h:1\'1- ,~_'1'oat i11\'0l\'0111011t was so 0111 i11>"tit11tim1 he1-a11.=1- tl1t- I ha\'1- aIrea1I\' notifiotl 111-1-1h-11 to ]1roto<'t th0m,=c-I\-es, and extensive that I tlmtiglit th1~\' t'0all\" \\'l111t1»\'vt' wa\' will help all of the —'tv\"v.v\,

I am most nnximis to this (I11 i11 par-ti<-ip:111ts i11 this. and the difii- peoplv who werv perl1:1p.- unwitting I will have is. I <*a11‘t q11it1- 1111. I think. what you su,¢',<'e.=tcd, in c11lt\' nut be able tn toll an in.=titutiu11 of thv extent and nature of that I may its p:'11'ticipati011. Fetiatnr K1:.\'.\'t:m'. \\'1~ll. \'011 can toll thvm to thv best of your in- foi-matimi. and it tu 1111' that .~’c-o111.~" just l>1-<-1111.~"1- the 1111iversitv or an is nnt :1 1-vasmi for ('la.=sif\'i11g: i11rli\"i1I11:1l i»- going: to lw 1~111l1:11'1':1~".~1~1l

wtmltl l1npt'—-I 1111-1111. I ol1\'im1.~"l\' Speak as an the infm'111atim1. Sn. I 1li.~;~<>rvic<* to f1-1-l that tl1at is 1111 i111'1'r~1lil>l0 in1li\'i1l11al Svnatnr. hut I of 1li~~"1>1~\'i1~t=totl1e int0grit\' the i11nn1"1=nt i111Ii\'i(l11al.~ a111l. I tl1ink. In lw ahle to dtwelop pm- 11

thv 11ni\"1~1':=iti1-:< 1111l1~-":~' tl11~\' 1111- tmtitivtl. and ct-1l1111n< you an» <l11\"vln|1i11;' witl1 1"1~;::1r1l.- to \'nt1I' own in.=titutim1 thv tiniversitios we arv tt'\'ing to in t1~1'111.~ uf thv ('n11;'t'1'.~'.~'. ('v1"tai11l\'

vntitlvtl tnthv f-1111111. r~0111~.~"1-. \\'01'o mtwitting. :11*1-

Athniral 'l't'r1.\'1:|1. Y<*.~. .\iut all of th1->1-. of S(‘ht"lt0I‘ I(F.\' x1;m'. That '.~ right .

\\'1»1~1- witting. :1111l tlwrvforv th(>\' Atliniral T\'R\'F.It. I\I:111\" of tl1v111 van takv all thn.=1- ]1I‘(‘(‘;ltlli0Il:l r\' .~t1>|».~"n11tl11-it-m\'11.l111t I am |1e1'fe<'tl\' i11t1~1-1-.~"t<-1l it1(lni11;:it i11 :1 wz1\‘ that wlwn 011011 to rini11;' thi~". I :1111n11l\" the i1I1-11tif\"i11g: 11 will 11r1t lvatl tn thv p11l1li1- 1li~t~l0s11re of 1111i\"(\1‘.=it_\‘ it

i111li\"i1h1al.=. whmn I 11111 not ztllmn-1] In 1li.~1-lu-1-. and .-0 un. Fm1:1tn1'K1'.\'.\'1".m'. That 1'm1l1I lw 1l1\111-. it .=1-on1.~"tn1111>.

.~\1l111it‘:1l 'l'1'1tx1:1:. Sn. w1- will .~1\1- if w1- 1-1111 (I1-\"i.<1~ a wa\' of nntifying ,-11 that th1-\' ran then n1:1I<etlmi1' th1~~1' it1<tit11ti011> on :1 |n'i\"at1- l1;1.-i- an» host .~'11|'\'1-1l h\' th1-it‘ am1011n(‘- own <lm~i.=in11 wl11\tl1r\r th1-i1- 1-1|11iti1-~ it--— in;' it ]ml1li~'l\"nrtl1(~it' :1tte>111]11i11;' to n1:1i11t:1i11 \\'l1at if tht-\' wen» tn ask you S1-natnr I\'11.\"x1:m'. ()1 \"m1. I wontlt-1-. In :111111m11r'vn1' it11Ii1‘at1-? that I Atltniral 'I‘1'11.\1:|:. ]w11~m1:1l r-n11.~1-i1-11¢-0. sir. at this timo. is My 1li~".~'1-1'\~1- tn t|11-.-4- 1111i\'1-r.~*iti1-.~" if I nntifir-11 tlu-]1t1l1li1'. \\'<1nl1l h1~ 1lni11;_' :1

.\‘1-natnr I{1-:.\'.\'1:m‘. \\'m1l1I you invvt with .-mnu 1111i\"vr$it\' ofii1'iaI.= tht-i1' \'i1w.~ are 01' wlu-tl11-11' thew fevl that the p1'0=01'\‘a- antl :1~l< what it-~" wuul1l l10l>0tt01x=tr\'1~d or tint? tim1 of tlw i11tt>;'1-it\' of th1- 1111i\"1\1-sit 11.~"1~t'11ltnfi11<lm1t f1'11111 .~"t11:1ll.l:1t"g1‘. p1'i\"1"1t0. and I think that w1111l1lh1- puhliv 1111i\"1-r.~‘iti1~.~"' otlit-inl.~' l111\\' tl11-\- \"it-w thv int1~;'1"it\'—--— I-‘inv. will phm11- .~e\"1-1-al 1111i\"o1~.~'it\' presidents ArI111i1~al 'I"1"11.\'1t1:. I \\‘l1u art‘ imt it1\"nI\‘v1I in this and ask tn1I:1_\- whn 1111- 1111' ‘frit-111I.< a111l thvm what they think thv Pqnit it->1 wn11l1l I11-.

Page 41

1

ur-

-4‘ 38 v--.

L‘lenntnr KF\"\'-. rm" --U1 right. You lot 11$ know. too. A ,

'\<1mit'a1Tt'nw:n.Bttt I am nut .~1trt- that I .~<-t- that there is an) grvttt "‘\

ht 1.. tit in my nr\tif_\‘itt;: tho ptlhltv as t|}|||t1t~;tdtnthvlthl\'(!‘Ftt}'I'10 tif\'- ' '

_

ing tht-tn. Lvt him h:t\'t- his t"hnit'<- \\'h('th('I' he \\‘ant>——(-uvh institution wnntstn hnvv it nmch- puhht-. Qt»nat0t' Kt‘.\'.\"t:m'. Y:-.~. Thv fat-t wnttht retnain that thv institution's <*t't~<til»}tit\‘ wotthl hv ht-ttt-t" .~‘m'\t-tl if thv mqtttttmn'- pt-with-ttt \\'et'<~ to dt-n\“ it and tht- ttnt\'et'.=tt}' mtht-att-tt that tt thtt not p.ntttt]mt<~1n . . . . .

.thm pt't1::t'mn than if thv tt1ti\'t-r.~tt\' \vt»t-<- In th~n\' it and thv -\;'t~nt~\' says "‘tv\'4\'r\.r-~f~n-,,_

Ilflihiltfi, It st-mn< tn me that that tmuhl lw thr .=tt't>t1;m~t. amtt}won1\' \\":t\' that that i~ ~min;v In h-.' 1-rt-tlihh'. 1 xvnuhl \"ahu~ it if_\"<m wmtht get

.~=0na- input ft-mn ttttt\'t-1'§ith\.~' :1.-=t<> what tht-\' ht-ht-\'v i.~ thv fztirest \\'a\" in It-t'm_~ of tht- prrt-t\r\~atitm of thv intvgrity of thv ttnivt-r.=Stit-.~". Lt-t mv if 1 cnuht at-'k mt tht- t|a<~-"ttun of tho u.-t-.~ of tlww Fflfé‘ I|nI2~t’~:*. it I un<h~r.~tantl from infurmation that \\‘:\> t-t'o\"i<h~d to us tn . .~

tht- t~nar~t» of our last t~mmaittt»t~. thv tt-.<tm;: of vartm1> drntzs on 1n- t'h\‘ittmtl.~ lt:tp]a~11t-tt at all .\nt'i:|1 lt\\‘t»l~. ht-*h and hm. it happt-nod on n:\ti\"t- \nt0r1t'at\-* and ah-n on fort-t;'n nat \un.tt.~. That ls “hat I um er~ fitantt \\'a.- tht~ natmv of tho ptnit-t-t tt.~<-H. \. m\ I am 3'u.=t \\"unrh-rin", whvt her tht>~"t~ ta-st» wort» t-nntlm-ted at the . '

two hn':t1t(1t)< rm thv tttvt t‘na~t and thv wt-st t-must whtt-h \\'m-t- known as safe hmt<t-~. Tu \'ntll' knuwh-d;'<-. is that t-art‘:-vt? Athmrat 'I't'|:.\'r.t:. \ t--. Svtmtor '|\'t=..\'.\'tcm'. In YPI‘Ih~ of the rt-.<t~arr'h tn th1.~ pat"ttt'ntar pro- gratn. it tlitl not \'4|tbt_\‘flH\ttilt’Ftlft“]lH\lFt'$](N‘:l1tt]0lt1]lt‘(‘ii‘=f008$! and the \\‘t-st t~n:\.=t ? I hvltt-t-t-1 am mt-t'v~-t on that. Athnir.-11 'l't"|:\~n:. That t\-1-0 of ua\\"ittin;' tt.~‘tin;1 of sort hf ran- dn1t|t_\'-‘t’ht-tt-tt ituti\"i~ht:|t~, \~t--. St'!)t|t0I' Kt:.\'\-11m". lt \\'a.~ itt-t tot-attat in tl1n<vt\v0p]m~o=? .~‘\thai|-at 'l't't:xt1|:. Tu tht- ht~~t of um" Lttn\\'h~d;'t-. tht-re were only two hwatirm~. St-tt:ttnt' Kt:\x);m. \\'t-H. hnw do we intvrtm-t ranttmnty .-oh-t-tr-d? .~\tttuit':tt Tt'1:xn:. \\'t-H. a- ttttltrm-tt In |It‘isntwr.= in a prismt who were Smm-hn\\' .<vh»t-tt-tl. .Qt~natrn' Kt:\'.\'t-rm". Mt right. Du \'m1 know from this information ]1n\\'1112511)‘]wnph'\\‘t‘l't'I‘t\t‘l‘\ltH‘t§ thH'iIl;1tht—p0)‘i0\]? .—\thttit':t\ Tt't:.\"t:t:. .\'n ith-a. Smmtttt KIi\‘.\‘ti|\\"])<t}'tttt1<lm\\‘:l]?|‘vt'ttXttll:t1('t)'? Athnit-at T‘t't:\"t"|:. I :|<k<at that qttv.~titm the other day. and W0 jtfst dnn't h€t\"t'—-1!|\}I:t1'4~ntI)‘ wv aw \'t-|'\"-—-wt-ll. Pitht-r tht-rv \\‘<~rn no kt-pt nf tht- at-tuat ttttmht-r.~ and I'vt'nl‘tt~ t\‘|vt-.~ nf |»--nph- t<\.~tt-tt or thv\' \vm't~ (I04 run-tt. Ft-natm-1xt»t'\"t:. Stm:|tnt~Qt-h\\'t-iltvr. Qt-n:ttur .\'t"1|\\-1-:nu»:1:. Thank \'un. .\l r. Fl1nit'ttt:t1t. A~ttnit-at Tut-m\t'. 1 wnuht like tn t'nnu- havk to tht- exp0rim<*nt.= whivh ma\' haw hvmt t-nmhtt-tvd at thv hn<pital t-<~sv:n-r~h fat-ilitivs whit-h thv (‘I.\ ht-Ipvt! tn finant-t-. It \\-a.=n't r-h~:n' tn mv from your pro- vim1~ an~\\-t-rs what kind m’ work \\-:1; thmv thnn-. I gather \'nn arv tm- r'h-ar un that. tun, fmtu your rt-tnat'k.~'. \'9t 1 fitttt in tho PIA docu- tta-atathm whivh \'ntt haw» .-tt|v]>Iit~<t n~. n list th~.~"<*rihi1t;: snnw of the :ut\":|ttt:t;n-V-' thv .\;,:t\nt-\' hfitwtt tn gain. It ~a_\‘.~:

tnt flaw sixth of thv tntnl .=pnr~0 in thv nv\\" hnspitat wilt: \\' ill he 'tv:\i1:\hIe to the .

of 'l'.<.\' ' ' ' (‘In-tnirztt IIi\'i.~‘i-nt (M .-\g¢-ta-_\ :<|>m|.<m-.~"ln|>nf settsitivo research :

Page 42

39 will “P <'"l1\t'l<’t@l§' <1PHifllIl<-: tr‘) Full pr<»t’es.=ional cover will be provided PP".i"‘f~= for tn» to three l|lm'llt‘llllt'fll tln]1lw\P9\' of the Piiemieai liivision: (dr Human ./

~05»-v_ path-nt.= and \-olnnn-ors fur expt-rimental u>t- will be available under controlled elinit-ul conditions with the full StI|'0t'\'l.\'ll'It of ~'~4"

anti there i- a blank. ~omethin;: has been tleletetl. It .~t't'tl\.< prt-tt\" elear to ine \\-hat they intentled to (lo in that par- tivnlar \\ in;'. llot-.~'n't it to yon? \\'h\- would you go to .\'1lCli elaborate pi-t-|»at'atinn.=. tn lm_\- part of the \\'ittg,!, bring three of your own per- "¢“'>:*’)-

“ sonnel tlwre. give them a cfl\'t-t‘. anti give them aeet-.~‘:~‘ to tiatietttst \\'h_\" wonltl you go to .<ttt'h ll‘(illltl(‘ and ex|>en.~e to an-an;:e all that. if 1-...

\'mi \\‘eren't plannin§' to experiment on people in the ho.~pital? .-\-hniral 'l‘t'n.\'t:a. I agree with you lot» pert-ent. sir. Those were r-1"”

elearlr the iutt-ntitm.~. I h:|\'e no eritlent-e that it was varrietl out in that \\"a\'. I am not t1'\'in;'tnla~ tlefen:~i\‘e. Senator. 1 am only tr\'ing to he ah.<olntel\' pt-eei.'~"e here. Setiaior .\‘r|i\\'i:im:i:. \\'t-ll. then. a= to the natnre of what \\"a.< (lone there. the last para;1r:|pli on the same pan of the doenment says. "'l‘la- fat-ilitie.~ of the hospital and the aliility to conduct controlled 5,-»..,

experimentation~ ttntler safe clinit-al conditions using materials with whivh any :t;'<-in-v connection mnst he eompletelx" tleniahle will au,<*~ ment and eminileinent other |n~ogr:\In.< t1»centl\' taken over by TSS. .=m'h as." and then tl|ere‘.~ another deletion. Now. the \\-01-tl.~’ following "melt as" have been deleted. That is still ela>5iiit>(l. or at least it was l‘t'tnn\‘(*tl when thi.~ document was sanitized and It-la-:t,~t>tl. It .~t't'IH.< to he that whatever was deleted right there would give \'ml a pretty gmal clue as to what they were doing. since it says that the :lr'ti\'itie.~" Wmiltl “an;'nient and <‘0xn|»lem<‘I1l "Tiler programs" nmlertalcen l>v 'l‘.\'.\'. So. I have tronhle under.~"tantling \vh\' \'r>n don’t know what \\':|.~‘ t-0lllt'ltt|il:tlt'tl. Just the fat-t that similar programs are referretl to in the tlot-ninent. thmtgvh what they are is still deleted, Shonltl (‘llillll\' you tn t-heek it nut. Yon <-otlltl look at \\-hat went on in the similar programs mentioned follo\\'in;: the ".~u<-h a.~" in the ('l:t.~'.~'ilietl u-rt<ion of llil.< document. Atliniral 'l't‘|:xt:|:. Senator. l have not .<aitl that we don't know what \\"a.~ t‘(Hltt‘lll]tl€ll\'(l hein;-' (lune tla-re. \\'e do not know what was done

there. Senator .§.¢‘||\\‘|:|Ki:|:. \\‘h\' tlitl you delete that reference‘? \\'lty is that still t-la.~.-itietl. that particular project of \\'hate\‘er it is? .\<hnit'al Tt't:.\'1-11:. I tlon't litttt“ this pa rt ivnlar ease. “'0 will get you the e\':n-t an.=\\er to that one antl inform \'on about it. but it is quite pI't)lltllllt' that that other t':l.~'t* i» mm-latetl to thi.~ in the—\\'ell. not un- relatetl. hut that that \\a.~" a project that still tlese1'\'e.= to he ela.~‘sifieti. [The material referred to followsz] Corwtnteti--n of the Gorman Annex was he-mitt in 19.’-7 and the Annex was tlt'\ll\'.il\'\l in Marrh 1H-31'. Ht’ the .~~-\-eral .\lKi‘].TRA prujet-t.~' eondnt-ted at one iI|\'nl\'i|1|{ ]|1]|||;||| te<tin;: t-over:-tl time span SUlv~'t-‘qut-flit. mm (~;pn1"''(-It|\\'ll u||l_\‘ -:\

tn .\lar\~h 11132:. s\|l|1)I'IIil'tl 1.‘, r.-in 1|-nu, 1:07;. In 1sItL't thus it is pm~=Sil»l»- the final four \'enr.< 1110350 mtiih --t‘ the .-iiiqvruivt-t eonltl have been spent in the unrnmn Alnu-X However. there is no re-fen-nee to the Gorman Annex or a "ne\\ Annex" in .\'n|-prnjet-t 45 pant-r~, neither is there nn\' mention of mg wt»- pr--je-t't nuwin;' tn at new itwatinn in 197-5: ur tan r \»-ar.-. .\tttln»riz:ltion to eontiihute (‘l.\ fnntl.~ tn\\:ird <---n.<tr\n-tlon of the German Annex i< emitaiin-ti in -\'tll|1\rnj0|'I 3.1:-f .\IKl‘LTlt.\. lteeentiy di-<-nvered material imiieatetl that hr. Ht-.~"<-lti<~ktt-r ('\\tlllil\lt-ll hi- n--earvh for sleep- and amnesia- ||rmll|t'l||g tlrn:~‘ limit-r l'.'~ie<'t .\lK.\'l-I.»\l{t‘ll thrnmzh July IHIJT nt Georgetown l'ni\er.-it_\~ llu\']\iitil. inn it is il1l)'usa.~'il\l\' to deteriniue it the facilities of the (iuruulti .-Kiln-‘X \\\\rq*i1|\'ul\'ed,

Page 43

40 Qonatm‘ Qvitwitittrtn. I think that wnnht £'i\'r- u< a prattv good ('illP t1.~tn what was gnin,'' tn hv thaw in thv wing; thv ('1 .\ ii<~lp(»ti tn finanve. .,"‘,_

\\'a~ tht~rt- any intlit-atinn at all in tht- rt-r~m~rl,~ you fmmd that the pt-nit-vt nititnatt-i\" n.~vti t't\t1('t'I patit-nt.~ or tt-rntinaiI\' ill pationts in with this far-ilit\'? '

t-nnnt-t-tinn .,,-,

;\tiH|it'.‘|i 'Tt'ItNr7tt. lint F(I!'t'\'. ] H|i.'~.\t'ti \'nnr qnt»~tinn he-r~att:~(\ I W115 -‘,,.;;‘~ t!'\"in;'tn gt-t tht- thtta mi tiw last nnt-. I \\‘iH rt-at] _\'un tht- hlank. 2~'t-natnr .\'<it\n:1tu:it. Gt» aht-att. Q](HH.LTt I1‘. It dtw.~"n't ht-1]» win. hnt--—- .

.-\titnit':ti TT‘|L\"}I¥!. St~H:||ttI‘ .\‘t'|t\\'|-ztmztt.(an yuu tt-H what that i§. or tt.- it still i.~

vht,-.~tti<‘<t£’ Attnm-at 'Yt'|:.\'t~:i:. I rl-m’t i;n<»w and I :t.'~'<umt~ frum tht~ fa»: that \u- th-it-tt-<1 it. it i~ .~tiii <'ia~.—itit-ti. I-in Iwill gt-t \'tm that an~\\"t-1'. sir. Senator $t"1t\\'i;itu:t:. Thanh \;nn. I'd like 10 50¢» (hm jnfm-11mti0n i.\‘t‘t' tt. 171 fut‘ n\att=rial t't~f('l‘t'mi tu.j Now my next qm-.~titm \\'a~: 1- tht-rv any intiit-ation. -\thni|~ai. that pr->jt~vt.< in that partivnhtr rt-ntt-1' invuln-tl t-.\pvi'itnt-ntatinn on tt-t'- minaiiy ii] ranror pationts? ~~

.-\thnit~at 'l‘1"1txt:n. I tni~.~vd tht- first part of \"our question. sir. I am rt-r\' sorr\". Fmnatm" .\‘t-i|\\'t:iiuta. D0 yon haw any indit-ation that snmv c=xpvri- nu-nt.~' in thv ta~~iiit)' tisvtl tvnninaH\' iii t-ant.-fir patit-nt.~ a~ .~"nhjt=-r*t~”? You tin flt‘kt1n\\'it'-i;!t' in your .<tatt-ntvnt an-I it i_~ vhtr frnm otht-1' docu-

nit-nt~ that kinth at t-xpt-1"itnt'nt> \\-t=rt- at .-01110 point hoing done ttiv.-"t~

Stmtt-\\'ht~t't~. My qut-.~tintt i~.i.~‘tiW1't'€lIl\' intlit-atiun that (':tt1t'Pr patients nr tt't'n|in:tii\' ill patit-nt- \t't'I‘t (X]N'I'itttt’ltt(’ti with in thi~ wing? Athniral Tl'lt\‘}IIt. Ytw. it tinw appvar thm-t- is :1 vonmv-tinn hon-. sir. Sviiattw .\'t"1t\\'tti1u"|:'. Thu ntht-r qnt~.~"tinn 1 imti rt-iatt~.~ tn tht» th-- \'c~h>1>tnviit of .~'Hlt|t-thing whivh ha~ hvon catlvtt the pm-fvvt (‘0l\(‘1t.<Si0t\. .-\ .~t-t'it\.~ of t~,\;|»4-1'imt~tit.~' tmvzmt that vntl wort» th->1-rilwtl in tho (‘1.\

(ilu'lHHt'I]t.-,1 \\‘fiIltit'l' if \'0n wtmhl just tvli n.~ what your nnth-r.-tan<iin,I' of pt-rft-rt t-nnr~n=.=inn i.=. Athniral 'l't'n.\"r:n. I.~ that in my t<~:<tinmn\". Fil‘. or in some other dnt‘ttI\tt\ltt f St-ttatnr St'|t\\'I~ZtI(tltt. Stli\]tl‘Oit‘t‘t 54. MKI'LTR.\. whivh ittvolvt-d t-xatninatinn at tvt~itttiqtt<-»- to t':m~v hrain <-unt~n.~.~inn- and amm>.~"ia h\- n.=int' \\'t‘§)])fi]|< nr snnm] \\'a\'P.< tn .=trikt- indi\'itlual.= withmit giving \\'arnin;' and withtmt It-a\'in;' any r-Ivar pliysit-at 1nark.<. Ho1m»rmt- ththhvti it "pt-t'ft-t-t t~utit~u~~"inn"-1na}'h<- that \\‘2t>' ptwtiv ii~‘vtt.-t» on the part uf mtr .~tafi' ratht-1' than \'ntn" punt; nvvr thvt't\. I wnnttor if you z-nah] jn<t tail u'- what hrain ('nm~n=<itm oxiwt-itn<"~nt.~ wt-r-0 ahmtt? Athnirat Tl‘lt.\'F.R. Thi~ pi-ojert. Nu. I»-t. \\"a.< r~ant-vh-J. and never nut. (':|t‘t'i<'ti

St-natnr .\'t~n\\-nnuttt. \\'r~l\. I tin h<\it~\"o tho first year of the prnjoct in 19.3.’. \\"a~ <-at'ri<~<t nut h\- tho fiflit-t» of .\'a\'at Rt'.~'t'ttt't'i1. :|=~t-rirttittg tn thv in f<n'matimi that \-on .<ttppiimt ns. T111» (‘l.\ .<PPtn~ tohaw hvon par- tit-i|>atin;' in .~mnt- way at that imint. ht-t-an.=t~ thv rt-t-0111‘-' 2" fin In .<fl\‘ that thv t-xpt~t~itnt~ntvr at (3.\'l€ {nun-1 nut ahmtt (‘T.\'.< rnh-. tti<<'n\"tr0ti that it \\'a.< a t-nvt-r. and thvn thv pt'0jt-ct was t|':ttt.~ft\t't't-ti tn .\IKl'LTl{.\ in 1!t.3t;. Again. this is all from tht- havktip tnatvrial _\'ntt haw ;,:i\'t-n ns. So. it was can<'t~h»<l at >nn|t' timv. I am nnt tii.~a;;reeing

Page 44

I \

41

with that. hut fl1)]H1!'(‘l1il\‘ fnr at lPn.~'t n \;ear or t\\'_o. somcbfidy was thv pt‘n|lltt"il0lt of hrnin t-om-u.~;smns with S]W(‘ltll black- and other rm-th0tl> as detailed m the backup -I“\Vg-uv\~u..¢-\

it1\‘v.-ti;_':ttiu;; jztvk-. .~mmt| \\*:t\"t-.~',

Illtlltllitl. Thv mo was

~ .\|lmit':tl Tt'n.\'r.n. data a\'ntl:tl>le to 1.< that this ]>I'0]ec~t

nt-vt-r t'un<,h-d h_\' the ('l.\. hut I will ti tublt»-(‘ht-ck that and furnish the -9‘):-<~

int'<»t'1tt:1ti<m fur the r<~cm"d for you as tn whether tht-re was ever any connection hero and if .—'fi. what the nature of the work was. [Tlu‘ll\t1tt‘l'lnl rofet'1'edtufollmv.~:]

Mr. l.ant»in;:er cnrrt-cred his testirnony regarding fiuhprnject 54 duript \hP 1-1*’!

Svptt-tnlwr :1. 1977 henrimzs before the Sulvconiniittee on Health gnd $'cienntn- ltwt-ztrt-it nf the Human Resourt-e.~" Committee. The relevant 1l0l'llOl1 IS re||mdu<'e~d b(>lu\\': .\l 1-. tm prnjt-(‘I 5-l. it has trot n rather sensational proposal in there. l..u'nl.\'t;ER. in uf mt» work that they }'>l'O1>(r!~‘&' to do. and you asked about the proposal -:0-v\"v.ry

\|~]'1||,<

and l said. in fact. it was never funded under }lKl'l.TR.\. .\'mv. l nu-rltml;ml—-at h>:t~t. my memory did not serve me cm-rec-tly \\'ll('ll I went tlirmttth that filv folder In .~H nne menmrandum dated Jnnnm-_v 10. 1956, which makes it quite dear. n.= u tmttter nf fact. that that proposal was based on prior work that was funded by the .\t:ent-y. Sonzitttr >'(-ltwtttxrzn.By what? Mr. L.u'st.\m;n. By the CIA. So. that infortnation was in their file folder. It did nut happen tr» be in my head when I tefitified. .\'en:\tnr .\'t1i\\~t:1m;x. I think I mizht lla\'t- rend you that. and that is why I argm-tl at the time with yon. hemttse l think I had in front of me. as I recall, .~'mm- imlit-minn that it \\':"t.< funded there. 1 did rend that to you. So, you did :<u)~|-l\- it to ns: tlu-re in nu arzuuiont about that ittfnnnzttinn. .\lr. l..u‘nt.\'m:u. l'erhnp.< I nm sort of hendstrnng. myself, and in my own riew. l am rt~:ulin,t: under the l'I.'l‘l{.\ project. that if it had been funded under l'l.'l'l{.\. it \u»nhl have had :1 prnjt-ct nunilmr and identified as such. The thin! that throw me \\:t.< that it \\-:t~> funded. :tm»:|r<>ntl\*. nutsidv of any !tlKI'l.TR.\ at-ti\"itv nnd it \\':|.- under the nnrmnl l'fil)ll‘{!t‘lill|Z pr0t~e.<.< so that it was nnt itwltttlvtl in .\ll\'l‘l,'l‘RA as any work dune under that funding umbrella. 'l'ln- tilt’ t'<»ld0r that ymt have and I lxnw. right he-re. ttinkes it quite vlenr. hm\1-\'t\r. than a ya-nr'.-= work was dune thruuzh n:n'v fnndim.'—a navy fundim: rm-t~h:u|i.~m-on \\hich tlw jtrfltmstll \\-as I»:\-t-d that ultimately ratne intn the- .\|l\'I'l.'l‘ltA pmgrum. That st-vnnd prntnsnl was never fundnd. Sn. there W.':.~' rnufiivt and 1. ]\Pr~"nmtll\'. 1 think, intrndural :1 little hit of conttzsion in that in 1n\" te<ti1nr\n\'. Well. dn \'m1 agree or not agree with DOD‘s statement .\'en:tt--r fit n\\'t:nu:a. hit-rv that even thumrh the initial funding was navy. it was really n conduit for t re t‘l.-\'.' Mr. l..u-m.\"m:n. I think that is correct. St-nntnr {\'t"tt\\"r:1m".tr. Yr-.=: I would appr-m-into that. I would likv to ltnon" hn\\' it \\"t'nt from (),\'R tn (‘l.\ aft:-r :1 )'t':tl'. .\'mm-hm]\- madp n uh-t-i~imi tn nmlu- that tr:|n.~t't-1'. ant] tn tuztkv this an .\lKl'l.'l']i.\ .~uh- jt-vt. Tl|t't'<' hml tn he stunt» snrt of revit-\\‘ that lml tn zt <h~<-i.~"inn to vmttittnt» that kind nf t-nttt-t1<.<imt-totztl hhu-knut. nntxitnum mmtt>.=i:t. and \\-h:tto\'t~t-1-l.-e it was \'ult \\"t-re itttt-n-.~'totl in—.~"tutl\" and tt~.-tin;'. Mr. L.\t'm\'t:1:|:. .\'t'|\:ttur. if] m:t\' t|‘\' tn ft-w \\"0r\t~ on that. .<:\_\' at

the filt-.< that were a\'niI:thlt- to us fur ll\~pt-rtlnll. whit-h are litnitc-<1. imlit-:\tt-<1 that tlww \\a.~ :\ pmjvt-t lming r':n'rit~~l m1h_\-the .\'=1\\‘ h:t\'in;' to tin with tho t-tl't~t't.< of hrnitt t-tm<'\t~~'tut1. Thv ('I.\ tlt'\"t-lnpt-ll an intvl'~ vst tn tlmt. and t'ull.<l|tt't'ml fumlim! it. hut at-tunH\‘ tnwt-r lllll. ant] as the znhniral twtitit-rt. the .\il{\‘L'l‘l{.\ i.~nw1't-l\" :1 funding1m~t-lmnimi. a plzu-0 they gt» for mont‘_\' to do suvh thing.-=. hut tht-re is lm 0\"itle11<~e that I know of that that projm-t was ever fttmlvd.

Page 45

\ 42 1

horn again mt- Qvlltttnr >'<'1t\\'1:mt~".tt. \\'vH. I am <~n1tft|.=et1.h<~cnt1.=t= is-"

\\‘hit-h vtm h-tvc re- "'fl“"' ‘l""“‘ {WIN =1 tltwltlnt-ttt that \\*t- h;t\‘t- <t-mt ‘ '

z Q’ _l h\a.~t-tl ant] .~u|>]»tit-<1 to us: mF"1l““'i¥'¥ i ‘1"_‘ ""‘h"i<'9Y Drfvtrrt-.<.= made» ttndt-r thv rm-rent [deleted] contract: .p¢f‘t!IIl2t't] 1n.~'tru1m=ntfttnm and nuntt-r~m.< tt-stint: tt>r~httiqm-s have been d\‘namit- data: (In t-tm.~itlt-r:t\|].- mm, hag no“- :1t'\€'!~>\-Ht tn nhtmn tlw tlestred _

-.n

v\

thrt-.~h<-Id tlnlat [ms bot-1| nhttmtvd fur n fluid-filled gh“ mnmm-mi 'j.~-»0-:- St]|m]rl>>tr.|t|-ttt

~ .. tango and ,1 3",";;;q,,m-(.fnm -- ta1,m.“ -mt- mt u t.t-11-t -1 mttl .1 ht.t.~t . . It ,_ run 1 .t

011:-s h:t\"t- hm-1|

, ~'

ttmtint nutt.~ th.|t ]httt hht.~t tt-.~t

‘:>’li ‘t[ttI;1t]»~ >1->11 .s]>t=<'1:|l hhtt-k]:t<'l.; d0\'1(-0. “a |mt1<-ttkt--t\-Itp 1,13;-1;- t>ttt hm" umt sttrfnt-t~ ]n't-.~.~\|rc.“ €‘>:\"

t t.‘ I";-'11 ]N'=11\'1|1\!m<~t fm'<-o_w1th :1 D‘ t-"f "1;-' " th<~ rv.~ult~ of thi.~ work. '

Jm] tnt-ont-ln.~"t\'c> a.= to {1-'l"<‘ Y1)" I‘t-t'm'<l.~ arv .~0tn< tt-.~*tin;r \\‘n.~ Gum‘. hut\1t t-t-1't:|m\\' .~‘t-<-1n_-" that

<'ImIm". you aw pttttlttg tt.~ tn the smut‘ position

.“f“I\\'P1‘P1tt<>:\1'l|t't'~ttt reft-1'|'tn,<,: to docu- ‘-l!,'-k1--}11'»l-\"I1I=- I "U .“'" “"1" -*""1"£!‘1"lT qunttttg from a proposal IW Ht~ Iwt lwfurv us. hut I bv]tv\'t- you arc I

thi.-" work. and hv is refttrring that .~mnvont- sfttt to the .\gt~m'\" to fund ('Itt'OlIl1>a-594] 11 lm of fl,ing_< \\'<n"k. thv p:t<t \\'m:]§ wmtld have "‘~"""""”-'-Y

it» ]>=I-=1 hkv that. hut ( L\ not 1n\'nI\'otl with \\':t.~' that, th'>\‘t>ttn1t'nIt..\(h11iI‘fl]. on pago 6 nf you!‘ art 7 How do ,’,,_;. Tt'n:\t<n'>tin\\'1:|1<t»:1:.\\':t:tt ,

. \\" ton _\'m| men ton pt'n]t~(-ts usin" P |na"ician‘.= P 4

t vs |nmn_\" into tht- qmok hnsint->:-E I tn:|;1tt-m11.- gt-t ’.

.\thtm~=t_1 'l't't:.\"t:|:. 1 hnvo inter1n'et<-d this as to how to stip the mickev .\

like to ask 1n\' ntl\‘i.~01~.~ 11¢-1'0 It) vomment. mtn t

thv hun. hut 1 \\-ntthl i

is surreptitious .\lt'. ]§|:t»t>)". 1 thmk that is 1-.<.<<-1ttiall_\' it. St-natnr. ]t 0 I

smnt\mtr~. dt-<'vpti\"t» pravtit-05. how t0 :tthuttt1.<t1':tttt»t1 of tnattt-nut tn \\'hih- at-v doing sotnvthing e].=t-. n!= th;tr:t<'t .<0t|tt»t>t1t-R nttt-ntimt _\'rm

t|nth~t'.<t:tnt1 1t. It \\'a- a1~n smttv t\'|w of n r~n\"t-rt (‘n||n\|1]]1i(‘;|ti(m I tvith thv .<tut1\:of hmt 1n:\;:it-i:ttt;-t1tttl tltt-it-n;:<i;~t;1m= pt-njt-t-t itt\-uln-tl httving nthvr pt-t'h:t]»\ <-nt|nntmtt-:ttt- m_fur1n:|t|tm tuntw zmuther without 'l'ht~" tht- tvpv uf thing: that \\'n.~ it1\'ol\'ed. sit‘. 1wt»|-h- knu\\ 1t. 1.-'

1 >'vn:ttHt- $t't|\\‘t;|t\t1|:. Thank \-mt. .\1t'.(‘lt:tir|u:tt1. lhtthlh-.=tmt? St-n:ttur ]\nt'\'r.. .\'t-n:ttut~ St-ttatmllt'|m1.t:,-'n»\. \"m;. Thanh r. (‘hnit'1nnt1. M tlt.=cn\"t-1'01] dot-tttn(*nt.~ and nt~\\"\\' .\-hntrul. in \'tmr t-hot-km;_' 1ht'.~‘t'

tntt-rut-\\-mg: tttvtttlwt-~ 0ftht~('1.\ thd you find infurmntinn that .~"t:1tt'.

th-.~t~t-ihml h\" the ropm't0t‘.~ for the New \\"m1M <'tm1it'tn thv 1-tmtt-ntttm \\':t.< ht-;,:nn out of :1 \nt‘h lttut-.~ that tht~ t\"|>t» of t-.\|»t-rtmt-tttatum

ft~:n~ at lhv .\;'t-ttt~\' thnt fut-t-i;-'11 |m\\t-1'.~ might haw hall th'ttg> \\'h1<-h t‘1t17.t\n.~ nt" agvttts hoh:t\‘im‘ of .~\ttt\~t'tt-mt wtmltl nllmv thvm 11> ztltvr thv mt-"t0J\'. and Fun-t-.= who \\*ot"v lakt-n mto or tut-tuhvr.~ of th<- .\t'm\-tl f:\l,<t- t-nttft-.~1~'t<m.~' and tho hkt-? 1.~ m_\' \\'ht--h\\t»uM h:t\t- t~t-~ttlt\~tl tn qut-~t1nn t-hm"! road thv t\nvtnn(~n— »

h:|\"vn't ]wt'.<nn:\H\' |<\n:. Y4-.~. sir. 1 with thv twnplv who arc Well \ 'l't .\th||it-:11 in- tntitm mt that. In tn\" di~ctt~.~inn~ fm-mt-tl in thi~ nrvtl at thv .\;,:vtu-_\".] am tuhl that that is thv r':\.~"t-.

intlit-ntimt that \\':t~ tht‘t't' :m\- t'\'hh*||t't- or :\n\' .\'<-nzttm Ht":-|:t.t..~'t"<».\". Htt''h1 ttlsn he looking fnr tht-n~ nthvr t||uli\'\'< that thv .\;t-tu'\' \\'\-t't' sut-h as th~hiht:\tin;: mt fut" nthvt" |n|t-|m~t-.~". th*n~'~" that t-uuhl hv ntvtrhvtt of this kind i|\t1i\'ttlu:\1 or t-\'t-n ktlhtt-' tnmtht-r lwt-.~ntt( \\':t.~ thi.- part of vx|wt'i|m~ntnt inn?

Page 46

I 43 ~

.\<ltnir:il Ti'R.~:r:rl. Yes: I think tltt-rc is. I have not seen in this series of tltI(‘lllll('Ill:lYlOll e\'itlt'm'e uf <le.~it'c to l-zill. but 1 think the project turnt-tl it» t'litlI‘ti!‘l(‘l' froin :1 tlt~fen~ive to an ofi"en.=ivc one as it went ~.~~-.v¢-.~._--./-.~

along. and ilit'l‘e certainly was an intention here to develop drugs that (‘(nll<ll>t*()f1lS(‘. .\'t~tuttur Il\‘Iml.I-l.<TuI\'. The project continued for some time after it wa.~ le;mw<l that. in fat-t. foreign lm\\‘€!‘5 ditl not have such a drug as -~

\va.<:1t first ft‘Fll'(‘tl. (litln't it? .\dnii1':il Tt"nxF.R. That is1n_v nntlerstanding. Yes. sir. -tr/:~/~

Ft-nator IIt'nn1.r.sro.\'. Is there any intlicntion that knoxvledge gained 11>" a result of the.<e e.\']iei'i|nents has been useful or is being applied in

anv \\'n v to ]1I‘(*.~'('llY oporation.<? »

.\ir. Bnom: Senator. I mn not sure if there is any l>otl_\‘ of knowledge. A great tleul of whnt there \\':\.<. I gatlicr. \\"a.< tlestroyet] in 1973, I would like tn tleft-1' to Frank here. Ilo you know of any? v‘:'-‘:v\"\':vv¢:~{""—~.

Mr. I..\\'|u.\'m~:R. I know of no tlru£'.== or anvthin;' like that developed lllltlvl‘ this progrnin that ever l'(‘§l(‘ll(‘li operational use or are in use toel:l\'. jfi-'4" Senator Hrnm.r..<'ro.\'. $0 appnrentlv any information that was gather-etl was apparently us:-le.=.- and not worth continuing. not worth A .\,,“

-1-

further tlcvelopincnt on the part of the gencv. l Mr. I..\1'm.\'<:rn. I am hnrini! tlitlivult\' hen ring your questions. 1 f\‘en:1tm- Ill'l‘!Dl.l-Z.~'Tt)1\'. I can h:mll\" hear inv;<clf. A thniral Ti'R.\'r.n. I think the nn.<\\'er to your question i.= that we have \

no evitlencc of great u.<efulnes.~' on this. and yet I think we should remcmhet'~—-—- S(‘!l<‘ltO|'lll'l'W‘tI.Pi§Tt1X.‘VPll. is it accurate to say that this experimen- tntion ]n'l)tlilt‘(’(l few tl.1t‘flil re.~'ult.= or lmtl little application at all to the ()l‘n(\]';]\’i()ll.‘1(!flll(‘-\}1t"ll('§'Ol‘ :invliml\" else 21>‘ far as we know? Adniirnl Ti'ir\'i:it. I think that is hu~"ir~nll\" corrc<'t. At the same time. \ I wrmltl point (mt that \\'(\ had twn (‘].\ pi'i.=m1Pi‘5 in (-‘llillfi and one in the Foviet I'nion at this time. and we were coneerned as to what kinds of lliillfls mi;_'ht lw tlfilll‘ tn them. hut I mu not saying that—— Senntor llt'liIil.}i.~‘TnX. Have you detected any sign that any other na- tion is continuing or hu< in the past comluctctl experiments similar to this or with :1 .=in|il:n- olvjcctive? Atlniiral Tl‘R.\'FJt. I am not prepared to ansxver that one ofi' the top \

of my head. .=ir. hut I will get it to\-on. [The lnatcrinl rt-ferrt-tl to follo\v.< z] We maintain H1» files of up-to-date infornmtion on the testing of drugs in \ fort-iizn r-muurit-s. Smnc \'enr.< nix» we occn.<immll\‘ tvnultl review foreign research on untibiotit-.~‘ mu] phnrintu-eutit-al.< in coniit-ctioii with public health and civil (left-rise fl.\'.~'('SlllPll|.\'. For a few renr.~" hezinnim: in 19-lib we flSS€S.~‘t~tl foreign Y

re.~1-nrcli on LS1» under I‘r~-jet-t AIITl(‘llfiI{l-I Ire-<'nn.=e of concern that finch drug.- might he e-tnpluyetl zninst Azzmicy nml other TS. persnnnel. Information relative to this work haw nlrendy been provided to relevant t"ommittee.=. In this pfl[‘]\' \\'(i|'k we nlslv oct-n.-innaIlv looked at fort-i,<:n hninan experimentation; we long n|:o 9llI1lllH‘tlt*(I our holtiiiigs on this subject and no collection l'Pf]t1iI'Pl'Xl9IlY$ are an)" longer served. As l’tlIi.\'lHlH'T inten-.-1 in this area has dl'OppPtl off nntl higher priority at-e:i.< need attention. we have virtually no present coverage with tln- ‘pfi.<,\'i!vlv exception of an om-:i.<ioi1al st-nnniny: of the liternturc for a :~1n-<-ifit- ||rniZI'tH||. Tu the hest of our knn\vletl;.'e no other unit in the Intelligence t‘oninnniit_\ is trnt-king this .-uhject now.

Page 47

r -

44 Senator Ilt'nm,t:s1\»x. You don‘t know whether an)" of your agents :m}‘\\"l|ere in the worldhave been suhjeeted to anv kind of procedure i like this? 4'\O;-.1v_;'1-/-‘

Admiral Tvn.\'i:n. \\'e eertainly know of other powers conducting re.-ear:-ll in these areas. ves. - Senator II'l'l)l\].)-I.\‘TH.\'. I)o you know how thev go about that research? Athniral 'I‘rn.\*1:n. It is prett_v sketchy. the information we have. Senator ]iI'lmI.}1.~'T‘t|.\'. Do you know of any other organization in this -r>:~/.-

- eonntry or any institution that has eondneted extensive research on unwitting individuals and through unwitting: institutions? .»\dmiral TVRXIZR. \\'ell. I have read something in the newspapers 1'1""

tllnmt illl.\. hut I have not fmniliarized m_vselt' with it in speeifics. Senator llrnm,t:s'ro.\'. It is not a normal mode of operation for hu- man researeh. is it? Arhniral TI'R.\'ER. No. sir. \*?#-'~"v?~v

Senator Ht'nn1.t;sro.\'. Thank you. Mr. (‘hairman. Rt-nator Ixot'YY.. Senator \\'allop? Senator \\'.\t.i/tr. Mr. (‘hairman. I only have one to follow up on ox"; Fenator Ilndrlleston'.< questions and my earlier ones. You are not really sa\'in}'. are yon. Adtniral Turner. that there are no mind-altering d|'ti,1_r- or behavior modifieation procedures whieh have been used by t.

fuI‘t'i,'_"11 powers?

Atlntiral 'l't"n.\'r.n. No. sir. I am not. Senator \\'.u.mr. I drew that inference partly in answer to my ques- tion that you knew of no truth serum. Maybe that is a misnomer. but surely tlu-re are relaxants that make tongues looser than they would otherwise lw. Isn't that true? Ailmiral T\‘R.\‘E)t. Yes. Senator \\'.\t,t.o1-. .Qo I think it is fair to say. too. that the experienee of manv Ameriean prisoners of war in the Korean eonfiiet would inzlii-ate that there are behavior modification proeednres in use by fm‘ei:'n powers of a fairly advanced degree of sophistication. .-Xdmiral Tt'R.\'|=:n. Yes. sir. .Q4-lmtnr \\'.ti.i.or. Again. I will just go baek and sav I think this must have heen part of the motivation. I don't think you would have inentioned (‘anlinal Mimlszeuttt" had you thou;'ht his behavior was normal at the time or had anvhodv else. F0. I would just again say I think it is a little hit seapegoatittg. I don't think the objeet of this l\earit\;' is in anv way to lay hlame on those passed or those dead or otlu-rwise. hut I think it is a little hit seapegoatiitg to sav that it stopped \vith the dire:-tors of the (‘IA or the D(‘I's of the time. Also I think it is a little hit seapegoatin;" to say they didn’t even know it. hut that it was some lower echelon ac-ting alone. I think this was a behavior pattern that was prevalent in those ve:u:~. and I think the ohieet lP.~'~Oll is that we have diseovered. we think and we hope. tln'nn''l| \'om' assuranees and other aetivities of the (‘on,<vrt-;~:<. means of avoiding future ineitlents of that kind. I thank _vou.llr. (‘hait'tnan. -

Senator I.\'ot'\'tt. $enator (‘hater-? senator ("n.\Fm".. No questions. Fenator I.\"ot"vt:. 54-nator I{enne<l_v. I think you have another question.

Page 48

45 Sm1atm~ ]{t~:\"\un‘. Ju.<t talking nhont thr two safv h0n.¢(-s~' on tho vast amt! \u»-t t'n:|~t =t~ h<»tny~ tht- .~tn:t't't*> for the unwitting trial» now, tht- i1n}-o!'t:un-t- of this um] thv 1~m;'nitmh- of it. I think. is of signifi- <-unut-. t><~~:ttx,~"t» wt» haw .~<-t-n t‘t'<nn \"mn' 1‘t~<~or<l.~' that th(*.-s<- were used ow!‘ ])t‘I‘ttnt of or it \'r:‘|r.<. um] thv lnnnl-1-r.~ wouht have boon (‘on- 2| -\

You :m~ nn:thh- to th~t<~1~1nin<~. at h-ast in your own rvseart-h. .~»itI<»|-ntttt».

what tlw nmnht-t-.~ wonhl hr amt what tht- |h‘n;'~ \\‘m"t*. how nmn\' pnoplo Wt-I't' in\'nl\‘t-<1. hut it <-onhl have been <-o|t.~i<h*rahh- dnrin;r thi> period oftitm-, It wtmht <-<~rtnin1\" a]1]m:n' to nw in Pxztntining the dot-tnn<=nt.= and thv How t-hm't.~; of rash .~"li|>>" that \\'t~rt- vxpt-ruled in those areas that it \\":t~ t-mt.~‘i<h-rahh-. hut that is at jtul;:1n<-ntztl fzu-tor on it. but I think

it i~ hnpurtnnt tn t1-\' and find out what thv .t\,1'vnt~_\" attempting to i.~:

the lu;'t-t to the hottotn of it. :\'n\\‘ ihr Iwhn-i mt :t;'t-nt that \\‘ns in\'nh‘t~t| 21> I understand it is th-<1-:t-wt and ha.'~' ht-en tlt-t~v:|~t-tl for \'t-at-.~. The overall agent. Mr. '_’

Hnttht-h. h:|.~ itnlivutt-tl :1 fn'/.7.\‘ lnt'tnI\t‘\' ahnnt this \\'h0h:\ area. Ht’ h:|< tt--titit-<1 ht-ft»:-v thv lntt-Hi;_'<-tn~t- (‘ulntnitttltn Yot he was respon- sil-lv fur thv \\'huh' ]>rn;p':|1n. Th:-n. tho llirt-('tot" had indivatt-d Th!‘

i <h>.~tru<‘tion of tho \"ariuu.< lmm-ri:\l.~ and tmf:nnilia1'ity with the ln'uh-t'l. .\'ow you haw itulivntt-tl in your t(-.~timon\' today that there are two anhhtimmt ttgt-nt.~ on 1m;n~ it of \-our tv.-ti.mun\". you indit-ated there at-v l\\'t» znhhtionul :t;wnt- whivh \'n\| h:t\"<- nnr-o\'<-rt~tl at the bottom of it. znnl you :~'n\". thv n:|mt~~ of ('].\ utfi|~i:tt> who al\]n'r)\‘(*(1 or monitored thv \'nrion< ]n'<Ij<-t-t.~. You talk zthout tho two athlitionztl agents in your t(=.<tnn<>n\'. Now. 1 am ju~'t \\'onth~rnt;' if you intent! to interviow thosv agents to tint] nnt vxzn-tl\" what i.~ht-i1t;'th>t|t-. I sttp1>osv.tix'.-at of all. shouldn't thv pt-ojt-vt t||:m:t;wr know what \\'n.=ht-itt;'tlotw? .\‘t!uit':t] 'l‘t‘1:.\1:t:. Um" tir~t pmhhmt. St-nntor. is that wo have been ttlltthh‘ to :l:~‘~<u't:ltt' an tt|t1t\‘ithm\ with thosv tlttltws at this point. “'9 art» .-till hnrrm\‘in;' to fiml out \\'hutht'.~1~ pooplv are. “'0 hm-0n't identi- fiwt tht-tn :t~ h:|\'ing hm-n ('l.\ <*tnph»\'ee.<. and w(- don't know whether wt\rt f:tt_~‘t- nmnt~.~. tht-.~1- .v||:|tm- Kr..\ .\-r.m'. You at-v trat-king that down. n= I unrlvrstand it? Athniral T1'1:.\;1:|:. Yvs. sir. Svntttnr Kr:.\‘.\'t:n\". You arv tt':|<'htIl5' that down. and you haw o\'er\' intvntinn of intvrvh-\\'ittg thnw ]>t'n]th' to find out \\‘hat0\"9t' \'ml can flhfltltt11t‘|tI‘u;[l'tltllttlttt]bl'njt~t'tf .\ttIntt':|t 'I't|:xm:. My only ht-_~itati<m hero is whvthvr I will do this orthv Jn~tit-0 1 tt-pnrttnt-nt. Smxzttot" Krx-.\'v:|n‘. It will ho pnrsm-d. though. I und<r.=t:1nd? Athniral 'I't'|:xr:1:. Yt~.~". sit‘. .\'r=nntm- Kt:.\'.\"t:|n". Eithvt" thmugh the .\gt-nt-_\- or througzh the Jus- tivv ])t-lmrtnmnt ! Admiral 'l't’rzxt:|t. [.\'ud> in thv nfiirtn:\ti\'t-.] Svnntnr Kv.x.\'t:m'. l< it pt:m.~"ihh- that thv dire-vtrn~ of the program would not n11dvr.~'t:nnt or know ahont tho th-tail.~" of thv progrann? ls it plnu.=ihk- that In-. Gotttit-I» would not nmtvz-.-tnnd tho full range of acti\'iti0sintho.~"(-pztrtivuhnr sztfv hon.~*<~s?

,,,,_,t,,t Q . 1'. A

-..

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46 |

\ don‘t know Mr. Gott- Atltniral T1‘R.\'ER. Lot lno .~a\' it is unlikt-l\‘. 1 ..- '-,.-- . ...-\ -_.‘U, A.-.,- talked with Mr. -. 2.--<.’c liolr. ~».r».

"'. » Sc-nator ]{i:xxi:|»\'. Ilas an\-ltotly in tho .\;:ono\' ._ .- . GOllll\‘l) to tintl out tllvtml this! has oomo out. W! .

. t. Atliniral Tl'RN1~'.}t. Not sinoo this revolution - I i .

.4-..I~ \\'oll. whv not? .r-. -_‘

.~

thi- rovolzttioiil ._-;,..-Q-,

t~'t-nator l{r..\".\"i:m'. .\'ot sinoo i

'l'ric.\'i1|t. llo has loft o\n"o1n|>lo_\'. Sonator. :\l'l]|ll‘ill who loaves you -W

Sonator ](i:.\'.\'i:m". ])oos that moan that an\'l>otl\' know. for lifot iniof ‘¢~;:.¢_..

t-o\"o|'o<l Admiral 'l‘t'n.\‘i:ii. No. ~ir. ‘

-

v Sonator Ki:.\'xr.m'. \\'h\- wonltln't \'0n talk with him an<l fintl out? ]n'ogr:un. has hoen :1 mattoi" You ha\'o now information al-out this oonnnittoo aml lt to tho lntolligonoo -r_—<'("""-'~

of oonsitloraltlo intorost l-oth to our wouldn't \-on talk to 111'. Gottlioh? (‘onnnittt-o. \\'h\' "issno is whethor t-his Admiral T\'~R.\'!>1R. \\'oll. again. 1 think tho ho tltmo h_\' tho .lu<tioo l)o||ai't1nont or oui'sol\'o.s. shoultl around lat-oaitso yon and vfnflwxy

St-nator Kt:.\'.\'t:|n'. \\'oll. aro wo wrostling .-\ttorno\‘ (lonoral lit-ll o:tn't agroo-—— ,§**;" ' ' ' Atliniral 'l‘t‘n.\'i:i:. No. sir. ought to do it? Sonator ]{it.\'.\"1-".m' [t-ontinuin;"|. (hi who .

1 4» I .\ prooootling 'l‘t'|:.\'t:n. \\'o at-o togotlior in oomploto agrroeniont .-Xthniral with tr_\'in;,: to find all of theso as to how to go. l ha\'o. in oonnootion to.=to<l. l haw somo con- I

0 Ainorit-:ms or othors who woro unwittingly ('l.\ running this oonnti-_\" intor- Q

ztrntthtl .<i<loral»lo oonoorn al-out tho hot-:nt~o l don't want to givo any viowingz aml intorro;:atingv pooltlo. intpro.~sio11 that wo aro (l0in;' domostio intolli;'on<'o. ono. in this oaso. That Sonator ](t:.\:.\"F.m'. I am jn.-"t talking ahnntwholo ]lT0£II‘tUI1. and to tho was tho man who wa.= i-o.=pon-'El»lo for sinoo you hnvo had this find out whothor an\'ono within tho .\~'ono_\' sin:-o 197.3. and if tho an§wor is ‘ now matorial has talkotl to (lottlioh no.1 want to know whv not. I

Atlntiral 'I't"i:.\'t:i:. Tho roason ho was not intorviowod in oonnootion (‘IA loft tho oniplo\‘ of tho with tho 197.3 hoaring,'.s was that ho hatl .\gono\' that it would appear and thoro was a oonoorn on tho part of tho somo wa\' tr\‘in;: to infinonoo (‘l.\ was in to tho in\'ostig1atnr~ that tho his hoforo tho oomtnittoo. If thoso \ him mill infinonoo to.<tltntm\‘ wo wonltl ho happy to oontaot Dr oomtnittoos havo no ohjootion. an\'thin;' horo in this now infor- Gottlioh and soo if ho onn angtnont this now information innoh in mation. though l tlon‘t think tlioro is

that ho t-an atltl to as omtosotl to what was a\'ailal>lo in 1973. Atliniral Tnrnor. yon oonio to tho f\'onator l(i:\'.\r:t»\". \\'oll. yon soo. s

Y that now at last wo havo tho two oonnnittoos this 1nornin;' antl inllioato oonoornotl ahont an\'thin;: in tho information. \\'o tlon't ha\'o to ho as.<nranoos to \'on oan giro thoso fntnro on it. '.\'ow. I tloift know how to tho Amorioan pooplo woll as tho moinhors of thoso oonnnittoos as tho prinoipal poison that o\'on talkotl to whon you ha\"on't sinoo 1977» tho rooortls‘ woro tlo.=tt'o\‘o<l. llo is was in oliargzo of tho prograin. atulprograin. and tho A;:ono_\' has not tho follow that was I'llI\Hitt,',! tho talkotl to him sinoo tho tlovolopmont of this now tnatorial. .-\rimit'al Tt'nxr.1:. finr only oonoorn horo is tho propriotios involrod. tlig into thi.= anti work with tho Jnstioo Dopartinont on antl wo will

Page 50

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47 who. if either of us. should get into dist-us.=ion= with I)r. Gottlieb so as not to prejutiiee any legal rights that may be involved here, or to ap- pear in any way to be improper. Senator Ki:.\'.\"t;m'. Well. do I understand you have not contacted the .ltt<ti<'e l)t-ttartinent almut thi- partit-ular ea>e sinee the development of this ne\\‘1naterial ahout Gottlieh? Athniral ']‘|'n.\'t:a. Not about Gottlielispeeifically. \\'e have contacted him. Senator I{t:.\".\'r.m". Well. it is amazing to me. I mean. can you under- stantl the ditiienlt\' that any of us might have in term; of comprehend- ing that when \"ou develop a whole new I\'(‘I'i(".~ of materials that are on the front page of ever\~ new.=p:11>et‘ in the eonntry and are on e\'erv tele- \'i.=iun. I mean. that ntean.~' something. hut it does not mean nearly as nmeh as the interest that we have in the faet about the testing Of un- witting .\nieriean>", anti e\'er\' single tloeument that the stat? reviews ha~ .\lr. Gottlielfs name on it and you eome n 1 to tell u.= that we don't lime to worry any more. we have the.~e other final facts. and Mr. Gott- lieh lttl.~' not been talketl to? Atltttirnl 'I't'a.\'r.n. $ir. I am not saying that these are in any way the ‘J. final far-ts. I am saying: these are all the farts we have available. Senator Kr..\'.\'1:m'. And you have not talked to the person who was in eliarge of the program, so what kind of value or what kind of weight can we give it? Aclmiral Tl'l'L\‘ER. T\'e are happy to talk to him. I think'the issue here again is one of propriety and how to go about this. 'We have not, I helieve. enongzh new information about Gottlielfs participation here to sigttal that his inter\'ie\v would be that much more revealing than what was revealed in 1975. Senator Ki:\'.\'r:n\‘. The importanee of it. I think. from our point of view. i.=. he would know the drug» that were arlministered. the vol~ time of tlrn;'.-. how it was atlministered. and in terms of your ability to follmv up to protect these people and their health. to the extent that it can he tlone. that nppot'tttnit\' is being lost.

I want to get on to some 0tl)Pl'.~‘. hut will YOU give us the assurance that \'m1 will get ahohl of Gmtliel» or that ion will talk to Attornev i ' General lit-ll an-l talk with Gottlieh? Admiral Tt'R.\'ER. Yes. sir. Senator K1-:.\'.\'t:m". And let us know as to the extent of it. I don’t see how we can fufill our re.<pon:=ihilit\- in this area on the drug test- ing without our hearing from Gottlieh as well. but I thinli it i.= im- ‘|tm‘t ant that \'utt (in so. ltartit-ul:tt'l\' sinee all of the materials have i ll(’(’H (lest ro\'etl. utltt‘I' wo agent.-. have they talked to them? 'I‘i|('.~‘t‘

Athnirnl Tl'lt.\'};lt. We tlon‘t know \\'lmtl1e_\' are. sir. \Ve are trying t

to ravlc clown and see whether the.~e name.< ran he relented to an_\'l>od)'. t

.‘4t-nator Kt-;.\" wzm". That i.~ un<let':t<~ti\‘e investigation h_\' the Agency? .\<ltniral T\'ItNi~IIL Ye» sir. Senator I{t1.\'.\'r.n\'. And you have the intention of talking to those people when \'()\l lm-ate them. ls that eorreet? .-\¢itnit‘:tl Tl'lt.\'}ZiZ. Yes.sitztttttlertltes:1nie<'iremnFtanees as Gottlieb. Senator I§t:.\'.\‘i:i-Y. .\ml you ha re people working on it ? Atltniral Tl'l{N}ZI{. Yes. sir.

3

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48

S1-11:1tt11~ ]\'1"x\1:n1'. \\'ith re,'':11‘tt.‘< to tho a<'ti\'itio.= that took ptavv in fl](\§p <at'1- l11111.~'1-.~'. :1:~" I 1111111-1~.<t:1111t ti-11111 th1- 1'1»t-o1'1l.~. two-w:|_\" mirrors

\\"01'1- t1~1-11. ls that \"o111-11111h~1'>t:111<|i11;;! Athiiiral ']"1'1:N1-;1t. Yt'.~. sit‘. “'0 h:1\'1- rt-1-111-tt.~ that ¢~o11.<t1'11t'tio11 was m dotit-t111111t i11 t\\‘u-\\':t\' 111i1'1-o1".~. Ft-11atot~ K1;\'.\‘i:111'. A1111 th1~_\' \\‘(‘]'t' [11:11-1-(I i11 th1- l1<-1h11o111. as I 1111111-1-.~t:1111l. []’:111.~1-.| 1 Ft-11:1tt11‘K1.x \i:111'.“'1-1l.\\"1-l1:1\"1~dot-111111-11t>-—— but I 1

Athiiiral T1'11.\'11:1:. I l11~h1-\‘1- that \\':1.< i11 thv (‘l1111'<'h 1-evot-11.

don't h:1\'1- th1- 111-t;1il.~‘. S(>11:1to1' K118 .\'11m'. A1111 !‘:ltt1(‘t‘t']t!tt0t':ttt* 1h-<-ot'atio11.= w¢>1"v athh-11. as u

at h-11~t. to tho t1111- i11 S1111 ]"rai11-i.~t-o. in tho he-1h'oo111. ‘v

T 11111lv1~.~'t;111<t. I’. whivh 1111- F11-111-11 (1111-1-:111 11111111-1+. flo1':1] pit-t111~1-.~. 11111111-1'\' i11<~h11li11g_'

i11.~talh1tio11 of h1~1l1'oo111 l11i1't'u|'>. th1-ev fl'2lII|t'(t To11h111.~1- ].:111t1'1-t- post- t=r.< with him-k silk n1at.~. 11111] 11111111-1-1~ of otht-1"-1-1-11 ht-th-110111 r~11r- :1

t:1it1= and 1'1-1~o1'<ti11;' eqtiilmit-11t. 111111 thmi .=vt'i(-.< of ttot~t11111-11t= which :1

\\'1-1'0 to thv r~ot11t11itt01- whit-h i11tti<-:1t1- .1 wi1h- 111-otitt-1'atiot1 |11"11\'i1tv1t

W5}, . of 1iitT~~1'\-tit 1-:1~h for $100. gt-111-1':1H\" i11 tht- S1011 1~a11;,:t- o\"t~1" :111\' period C of tit111- on ttw |1a1‘tir11h1r <']1<<‘l-ts. E11-11 thv 11a111o= are hlovkt-<1 ont. as to thv 111-1-~"<111 who is re<'t=i\"i11;: it. (‘:1.=h for 11111101-vo\"t-1 a','Pt1t.~. o|1o1'at- ttriiiks. mitt-1'tai11111v11t whilo ath11i11i~t11'i11;'. and then it i|1;_' 1-x]11~11.~t>.~.

is thnhmt o11t. and thvn tho ntht-1' th1t-111111~11t;~" that wotihl .=11,¢;:1-.=t. at tht-1'1-. that- h>11.<t with tlw .=i;:11:1t111"<= of \~o11t‘ 111"i11t~i]1:1l ag'<111t o11t “<‘:1ih-J toth1-o|1(~1':1tio11.111i<h1i;1ht. 1111111-li111:1x." \\'h:1t 1-an \‘¢111 tvll 11> that it 111i;,:ht >11;';r1-.<t to \"o11 about what tech- 11iq11<~.< w1~1><> t)t'tH‘' ll.~‘(‘tt in t1-1-111; of 1's-at-11i11;' that sort h\~ 1111- .\;1-11111" 1~\"ittt\11t1\' miticvtt of ht-o:1<t-h:1.~<-<1 111111111 of .\111r~ri1~at1~ that wt-1'0 h<'i11;: 1 for t1-~ti11;: i11 t1>1'111~ of (t1"11~'.~ 111111 111111-1.<? Do vo11 tlraw a11\" kind of tthnnt what 111i;tht haw 111-v11 goi11;; on o11t thorv i11 those 4 r~o11r~h1.=io|1 1 .=af<-l1<111~v,=? n 0 .-\<h11i1':1t Tt'11.\'1t1:. Yo. sir. [Ge11t~1":1i htitghtt-t'.] S1-11111111 Ki‘\y\"i;|1\' Th1>t't1 i< tight Shh‘ YO it. hut th(‘t‘t‘- til 0190 an :1

i~' that at h»:1.=t tht»to1~l111iq11t->- which th:1t 011o1'111o11.=i_\ .~1'l'iu1t~' .~i1h-. .-\11-1

art‘ 11<1-1] 111- \\~1~1-1- iisvtt i11 t1-1~111~ of t1-.~ti11;:. and tt'_\"i11;1 tn timt o11t ox-

th1- |':111;'1- 11f<l1‘11§'.< 11~"1-11 and thv l111t11h1‘1'.~" of |1t~o|1h* i11\'o1\"1-rt and :1r‘t1_\'

0x:1vtl_\"wl1:1t that 11111-t':|tint1\\:|~:1t1u11t.:1s wt-H :1~‘th1-1-o11~ta11t 1'0itr~r:1-

tion of thv 11.~1- of .~111:1H .~11t11~t1f--av~h at i1't"<-gtthtr i11t1't'\':1t~‘. \':11'it=t\' A of ttittl-1't‘I1t tn-1'ht1i1|111-> \\'v1'1- t'i11]1h1\'1-1t httt ltl(‘l‘t‘ i.~ mt awful tflt Of 1h1r~111111~111:1tion ]111tti11;'tl11-.-1~111:|tt1-r>togt-tht-1". \\'h1-11 \'1111 11111]; at thv fart that it i— :1 hi-oatt 1'at1g<- |1n|111h1tio11 that h:1~ ht-t-11 t1~-11-1]. t1-~11-11 i11 th1~.~1- two :11'1~:1s. with thv kind of r'a¢h slit» that wt-1-v 11~1--1 in thi~". |1:1_\'1111-11t 1111-1-hani-111~ 111111 1h~1-111':1tio11.< 111111 all \

of tho rt-~t. w1- arv 11ot ahiv to |111t :1 hottoni tiltv on it h11t ont‘thit1;''i.< for .<11r<- and that is. Gotttit-h k11m1>. That i.¢ o111- thing for .=t11'r~. bo- c~:111~1- his 11:11111- ;|]1|11-a11~" on just :1h<111t m"v1'_\' o111- of tt1|'~'t‘ 1to1~11111P11t.~.

and it i~. I think. \'1-1'\* i111]111rta11t to fiat] 1111t what ]1i.~1111<l0r.<t:111rti11g is of thv 11:1t11r1- of that. S1», \\"1- \\iH h1~:11-111o1~t- ahout that. .\1h11i1':11 T1'1:\1‘1:. I tK‘ti(‘\‘t\ Gotttit-11 ha.~ ht-011 int<\r\'ie\rt~d hv tho (‘1111''1'<-~<. {\'1~11:1to1- K1:\"\'1:11\'.That'>1'ig11t.l1vl1a-.:111d i111~m'iowin,t1tho record. it i.~ not wt-\" .<11ti.<f:|1‘to1"_\‘. and it j11.<t >1-0111< with tho now iiifomiation \

v

Page 52

l

49 and thv now thwnmontatinn and thv nvw mvmrirandafand he di<l not ltaw tht- <~lt<-t-l<> at that tum-—an<I with tho \\'1tlt- \'nr|t*t\' of dttivrvnt, m<=nmr';nnl:t \\ ith hi.~ lt:ttnt' an H. ht.-" mt>mnr\' could be stimulated on that. Thank ymz, Sonatur lZ\‘utTY}1. I wonltl ill-(P tn thank th<~ atlnnral antl ht.= .=tafl' for

pat-tit-itmting in thi< h-<’at"itt;'. I lwlit<\'0 thv rot‘-ortl shmtld sltaw that this lma1'itt;: was hvltl at iii:-1'£t£tl‘('.~’l of tht- .»\g0m\ and tho admiral. It was nut ht-hl ht-catt.~o wv it1.=istt~tl npon it. It was a \-olnntt-t-r efiort on thv part nf thv Agt-tn-\'. I think thv record shmtltl also intlir-ate that Atl- iniml'l‘1tt~1\t-t'lia> ftn'\\':n'tlml tnthis Potitmittoc a ('la.'~‘.<ifit'tl file including all of th<- namt-> of the in.<titttti0n:- and the persons involved as the 4-xtwt'ittw|tt0t‘.<. I .~hnnhl al.-t> intlir-atv that tlti< lwaringg i.= jn<t one step involved in thvt-(mnItit1vt~':~lIi\'t~>ti;!:|tifiHnftlt‘tl,q ahttsv. .ln.=t as vm1lta\'<>lia'rl much \\'nt‘l< in gt-tug t|\‘t'I' tht~ t~tItItI |m;1t»;~.tltc~ stat? of this (‘0mmitt0t- has had |>t't1l>lt'Iu~. hut I wtmltl likv tho t'vr~0r<l to show that \'0tt have t-t|tt:tl math» tlu-.~'v ]v:ttn~t:~ nn<l tltwtttm-nt.~‘ l'l\'flllillJl(‘ to the Pontmittee. I thank \‘m| fm" that. ,\> ]»:n't at’ tht- nn;3nin;' inn-:<tiggation \\-t- had intended to call upon In:tn_\' tln7.tn~ of ntln-i‘.~. (‘.\pt\t'i|nt'nt0i‘.-'. or th0.<(- officials in charge. and (i|tt-of tltn~(' \\‘lll luv ]H’. (ifitllivlt. ln tltanlting yon. l wnttltl likv tn say this to the American people. that wlmt \u- haw t\xpvl‘il\nt't‘tl tlti.'~' morning in this committee room i~ nut ll(‘lll1'tlll])lll‘tllt‘\l in any 0lllt'!'(‘()I!!I11lll(‘(‘ room in any other part of tht- \\‘(tl'ltl. l tlflnht that \'t-t'\' nnn-h. (lnr .-\;'(‘1\(‘\' and our itttnlligonce ('t\tttIlHtHll\' ltzts lat-mt tnnlt-1' ntnt-h t'ritit'i.=tn and ha< lmmt sttbjovted to mu:-h al»n~<~. in m::n\- <~a.~t-.~ jttfitliivtl. lmt thi= is the most open society that l van thinlt uf. l~'m-1-.\an||»lt-. in (in-at 141-itaintlwrt-arv about FlX }N~H]\lt- who flI't- :t\\':n-<- Hf tln- itlt-ntit\' of tlw man in vltargtt of int(lli~ gt-tt|~t-. ln ntln'!' t'tntIilt‘lt'~. .~intilat- 1-<»ntlititm.~ t-xi.<t. Htrt- in the Fnitetl Stan-~ \\‘t' nut mtl\' knmt’ \tlmit-al Ttn'nt~t'. we have hatl opt-n lit-at'in;1'S with hint. .~'tlt"lt :t.~ thi~. Thv t-onfirnatinn lt(‘BI‘lh{'~‘ wvrv all open. ln a fvw \\"t~t*l{~. thv Svnatv of tlw l'nitr~<l S'tatr~.= will tit-hate a resolu- tinn tn tl\‘t'i4lt- uptm \\'ln'\llwi' wv slumhl <li.~rlu=t=tl1e am0tmt.= and funds ht-in:' u.<t-tl fur wtltlltl\'t‘llll\‘lll;[\‘lh't' nntl natinnal itttt-lligmn-1-. l would lm|\t- that in ]»t~t=.-t-tttiti;' thi.~ i.=.~nt~ tn thv pttlilit‘, the media will take notc- that tht- .~\gt-nv\- lms ('()(l|D("|'€ltt‘(i and will mntintte tn. Theahn=t= that \vt-l|an- ]Q‘Zll'lll'ti :|lnn|l thi~ mm'nin,<' is nnv I hope will nt>\'t\r happen asznin. hnt \\‘ill1nt|l t~nn~"t;int ovvt'.~i;zln on thr part nf thv Ex<\cnti\"-“ Otlit-t-. on tht- part nf tlw (‘nn;'t-vs-. it rmtltl hnpnon again. It is impor- tant tl\t~t't‘fm't' that \\'t- t-nntinnv in thi- nvm-.-i;'ltt activity. 91». ont-0 again. Atltniral. I thank \'ntt \'t'~r\' mar-h fnrltolping its. “'0 will I-nntinnv to t-all npnn you for \'mn' €lS.=l.=tfl71(‘(‘. “'0 would like to snlnnit tn \‘nn st-\'t-i'al qtn-~"Iinn< that thv ntmnhms and stafi pl‘?- haw patw--l. “'0 lmpv \"nn will lnuk thvtn over t~arc~full\' and prepare ro- .<]mtt~t-= for thv rt*r'm'tl. sit‘. I\‘<»tmtnr l{vt.\'.\‘t:|n'. Mr. (‘hairn|an? .'\'vnatm‘ ]\'Ht‘\'}-1. Yvs. sit‘? Senator KF\?\'I-il)Y. T. ton. want tn thank Admiral Tm~m~r fnr his l haw ha-l tm~<~tiw'~ with hitn in tlw mtnmittoes and l‘P.=]tflYt.<i\‘t‘tt0.*~. fllst» t-on\'0t‘.<ations. telopltntw 1-on\'0t'satinn.~. and private meetings. and

Page 53

50 and it is a I lmw ffitlfltl him pt-r.<0nall\' to hv (-xtrmnol\-in1-o.~pnn.=i\'r~. lit-atling thi# Agency. \‘t‘t'\‘.<lilli|-nlt t‘llftllt‘ll;'t‘ whivh lw ha» at-t-t-1-tt-tl likt*tu~t-1' tltispttt behind l\\ nut \"m| tn kntm ]>t*|'.~|m:|ll_\’. l. tun. \\'t)t|ltl in tr‘!-tn? Of this partivnlar are-a .

n~‘. l think \\'~- are tlnitv tlivw tlun't _\'(*t

intt-rt-.~"tt-tl 1n. I think the liitt-lli;_w1|c<~ at-v (‘mnmittee has that look forward wo \\*t-

of thv tt-~'ting. so :=pv<~i:t! re~~prm.~iliilitit-.~' in this ilI‘t'il

tl|t~ tiniv that \\‘¢-1-nn put it hvliintl, tn \\m'kin'-' with \'un in tixpt-<litin;' tini'~h the (‘llZ]])l(‘I‘. hut <lm~~ >01-in to mt» that \\"t- l1:t\'t*tntli;1'ih and my app:-4-r'inti0n to _\'0n. Admiral it

St». I wnnt tn |wr~0nnll_\' t‘X|n't*.~.=

'l'm~nt-r. ttntl thunk \'tn| fur \~mn- r-oo]»<~i-atinn and your ht-lp. I look and fur“ nrtl to \\-m'l;in;; with _\'m1.

.~\<ln|ir:il Tt'lt.\'|iIt. Thank \'0tt. .51-n;\tui' lll'Iil\l.Y.~'l'tt\'. Mi". Fli:iit'1||:|ti.l ant not .=nrt- you 0mphn.=izPd tln- l‘t't'fit'tl 0n;'ht tn .<lm\\" that .\thniral Turner thi~ t‘Ilmt‘'lt. hut l think initiati\'t~ wlwn tht- new infnrnu-tl tlw St-l0-‘t (‘0nnnitt0v on hi.= own (lt)t‘lll|It'l]liltiUl\ \\'$l$ fmiml. Thv tlnv\nnr~ntati0n ha; hot-n made avail- :1l»lt- ll) u~ \-nluntm-il_\". in :1 spirit of t‘()O|It‘I'tltltitl. tnmlo of npvration that think tlii~ .<l|n\\-~ \':i.=t <lifi't~n\tn-t- ft-mn tho I it committee. and of thv (‘hnrch t-xi~tt--l priur tn tln- fnrinatinn at lt~a.~"t

tlitl'<-1-vin-1-tlt:it is \*m'\' ht-lpfnl. Thank you \"er\' lnnch. Thank you very mu':l'i, :1

.\'t-natm" l_\~--t'\'|:.

.\tlniiml. \\'t- \\nttltl nn\\' likv tn (‘fill upon Mr. Philip Golthnnn and Mr. John (§ittin;;t~i". please rise and ttlkt‘ the Mr. thiltlnmn :|n~l Mr. (littingt=r. will you nmh. are ahnut to givv is 1).. \-mi .=<»h-|nl\- .=\\'vm' that tho tc>.<tinmn_\' you truth nothing hnt thv truth. so ht-lp you. Gml? thv lI'\tllt. tht~ \\'l|r>lt' illltl

.\Tt‘. (i<\|.n\| \\'. I (ln. .\l r. (il'I'l'l\'<ilI1I. 1 tln. St-ii:itur T\'t»i"n:. Thank \'nn. =ir. .\li-. tinltlinmi. \\ ill \‘n\t itlt-ntif\' yottrqilf. and after that. Mr. tiittittgt-t’.

tqt‘llIltt\I' Ki"..\'.\'r.m'. l§<\t'rn't- we .<t:n't in. \\'r~ had a third \\'ltfit‘§S. ‘Mr. l’:i>‘tt-rntn-. who |il:nnu-tl to tvstif\". tra\'9lml to \\'n.=h- (‘lniirin:in. .\l|". rt-<'t-ntl\"-\\'itlt zunl \\':i~ ('(\ntil1"('\l iitgtriti —lu- li\"t-.~' in \\':t.~l|itigtu|i. .\1nl §()Illl‘tl!lIl,',f-—--lit‘ 1-ttllt-<1 tht- intt-ntinn of tt-.~'tif\'in;' thi~ niurning. ho wantt-d tn got a counsel n.< liltt" thi~ nmrnin<' and intlit-ntvtl that lvt'ft\rt- ht- wmiltl \\'i.~h tn tt-~tif\'.

.\'t-nzitur l\‘t»t'\"i-1.}lr.Goltl|n:in. Mr. (itlltllllflll. will you ith-ntif\' \'nur=t*lf. Fit‘.

CENTRAL TESTIMONY OF PHILIP GOLDMAN. FORMER EMPLOYEE. INTELLIGENCE AGENCY Mr. (itvl.h\I \.\'.l am Philip Gnldnian. .\'t\t|:itnt‘ lxttrviz. And ynu aw fnrnim" eniplnyoo of thv Ventral :1

llltt'lll;[\'Ilt‘t' .\;!t'lt<‘}"? .\lt'. t}<»|,n\1 \\. ()\"t-1' ttl \"t-nr.= :t;_'n.

.~‘~--n:m»i- l\'<>t'\'|:. .\n<l you \\"v1-0 t=1npln_\'od at the timv \\‘l1(‘tl

.\lKl‘l.'|'ll.\ \\':i.< in njwratimi? \\'orv .~"0nu- Ml{l'l'.TR.-\'.- in oporation at the .\lr. (i4ll.l>\l \.\". Tllt‘I't‘ tinit-l \\':t~ tln-rt-.

Page 54

#'\-twvwwat

F‘

51

Gittinger, are you a former em- Senator Ixorra. And Mr. John Intelligence Agency? ployee of the Central EMPLOYEE, CENTRAL TESTIMONY OE JOHN GITTINGER. FORMER AGENCY INTELLIGENCE Mr. G1'rr1.\'ci:n. I am. an employee? Senator Ixotnz. Are you still Mr. GITTINGER. No. member of the Agency at the time ~

Senator Ixoonz. \‘\'ere you a MKULTRA was inYes.operation? Mr. GITTINGER. Senator Kennedy. Senator I NOUYE. Thank you. welcome both of you to the committee. Senator I{r:r~'1<1:nY. I want to If we could start with Mr. Goldman. \\'ere you the project engineer for the safe houses in either San Francisco or New York? house in San Francisoo. Mr. G01.mut.\'. I know of no safein New York? Senator K1-:.\'xi»;m'. How about facility that was established there, Mr. Go1,m1A.\'. I knew of one operation. but I didn’t know anytliing of its

Senator Kr.x.\'1:m'. Were you a monitor on any testing of drugs on unwitting persons in San Francisco? Mr. Go1.n1u.-\r<. No. classified document here that was Senator Kr..\'1~'r:m'. \Vell. we have a pro- \-our name as a monitor of the provided by the. Agcnt"\' that lists would look——— if you gram and I would appreciate itmisunderstanding arises because I was Mr. Goi,oM.n<. I think the project ofiiccr. a look at that 3 Senator Kr..\".\'r.m'. \\'ell. would you take [Mia Goldman inspected the document] it states is correct. However, Mr. Goi.n:u.u<. This document as mv-— ‘Senator Kt-‘..\'_\'t-tor. That document is correct Y first page. the project. But Mr. GOI.DM.\'.\'. As far as I see on the mv——— please. ‘Senator K1:.\'2~'r.nr. VVell. could I get it back. a monitor of the propnm. That would indicate that you weredisbursing the moneys to Morgan r. I was Gonnstax. in charge of HLII] a Senator Kti.\'.\'F.m'. To whom was that ? name was listed at the top .

Mr. Go|.mu.\'. To the individual whose of that document. was running the project Senator Kr:.\'xr.m'. And you knew that he in San Francisco? charge out Mr. Goi.nz~t.u<. I knew he was the person who was in there. Senator 'Ki"..\'.\'r.m'. All right. nor did I seek knowledge of Mr. Goi.ni\1.\:\'. But I had no knowledgethere would be other things actuallv what he was doing. because involved. I did recei\'e-—_ Senator Knxxrznw". \Vhat were you doing!

Page 55

52 that all the re- Mr. Go|.nm.\r<. I was collnotin;:—I had with to he sure tlw m0nv\'s that were wvro turnetl in balant-ml coipts that 0\'t'r 'l'lu>r<- was no illegal paid out to svv that e\'0rvtl1ing was run all right. h\- the revoipts and t-ash. use of funds as far as we could dotorminv indirates Se-nator Km‘ N!-1I)Y. So own though tho Again-\' doc-unu-nt that you \\‘('l't' a monitor for tlw pro;rr:nn. onv of thv fvw monitors of nu>nti0n0<l for San Frant-i.=c0 and that |»ai'ti<-ular '|n'ogr:un whit-ll \-ou .\lill \'allt-\‘. (‘alif.. you tlest-ribt-ml your re.~"ponsil>ilit\' only as a carrier of l||t\ttt')‘. is that t-ort-1-t-t? or ('ai'r\'ing out-seeing Mr. (iota-.\|.\x. I woultl say as a di.=lan'.~t-r Tlu-rt‘ wa.- within that-1 that tlw ll|nI|t'\',~‘ \\'vt't- hantllt-tl ]>ro|>vrl\'. n don't know whatl tltmv or what ho tlitl tlo in conjunction with othm" pvoplt-. tl1(- di.~l>urs0mPnt of h'<-nator l{r..\'xi;m'. \\'t-rr \‘0u rt-_~"ponsil»lv for u all thv fun<l.~"? ovt-r tlw c-lierl; to him. v

Mi‘. Go1.n.\t.\.\‘. I wa~ rr's|>on.<ilrlv for turning .<t-nator Ki;.\'.\'1:n\'. .\ml what ditl you know of tlu- progranl itsvlf? ]ll'0}1l'2llI| wa.~ what he I

kn:-w of the Mr. (it-l.n.\|.\.\'. Tlu- onl\* thing I sort of thing. 1 didn't in- furnil=lu-tl us in t('l'ln.= of receipts and that dul;-- or t-ont-1-rn 1n\i~"vlf in that. it- I'll lat you examine St-nator I{ll.\'.\'!-1|)Y. You still wrotv. and .~nl>.~tanti\'e review it’s a rla~.~"itit-tl <locumt~nt-lait you wrote a rather 4-‘? " the oxp¢~i"i1n<mt.~". the |n-o;'t-am in May of talking aliout of tln- ]9t‘»il <‘0\'m't and )‘(‘flll~'tl(‘ fiohl trialfi. fa-'tual tlata that luul la-on collt-ctml. lflllivtl ftlvmll the efi't»(-- about the in-<1-s.~it\' of tho.~0 pai'tim|lai"—an(l of \'ariou.= deli\'01'\' tivt-no.=.< of tlu- various progra1n.=. tlw 0tl‘i<*it>n<‘)'

like Sonieono who i> onl\"--— S\'.=tt-|n.~. That ‘lot-~n't .~'mm(l to me u

would i‘<‘f|'t-.~"ll n1\' lll(‘lllOl‘\‘. if I t-oultl Mr. (io|.n\t.\.\. \\'vll. if \'on wliatovor is Paul there. if it was roa-l this I woultl wt-rtainl\' agree with ‘

writtc-n. rolv wa.=. You'\'(~ $1-natoi" l(t1\'.\"i:m'. I am tx'yitu_' to ,qatlu=r what your \

in<lit-atvtl fir<t of all that you (li<ln't know al»out—_\"on know alwout a

.=af<- hon.=¢- in l\'<-\\ York: now wo tintl out that _\'ou'ro the varrior for 4

\ a~' wt-ll antl tlu- agt-lit in [\'an l7rant'i.=t'o. “'0 find out now You'i'v t(~.~tif\'in;; that \'ou only were tla- T1-.~'Hlll'|'t'_'~‘ that tltr ('l.\ put \‘~Ill 2lr7 a monitor. v-

have jn.-'t nnv dot-nnu-nt. anrl tln~t*t- arv many tllv (‘ui11‘l1't'. aml prograin with your name l-(-r<- \\'<\

otlu»r~ that talk about tlu- snh<tan<'1- of that fiml t-xat-tl\' what role you were / on it atul I am just tr\"in;3 to out

tt-ll you ahout this antl I am ltlaving. Mr. Gtnh\t\\'. Tho only thing I van this intlivitlual who was drawing r'om|>lvl<-l\' on my nwn|or\' i< thatan<l l‘(‘hot'tt-tl thvm hark to tlu-<<- tliirigs in t‘l|:n';'<- out tlu-n- t‘nlnl|14'lt'tl tli1ln't ]nn'1lt"i1mt(' in anv of tlmnt. .\ll I know wa- that ht‘ tht- .\~vm'\'.I wt-1'0 rlonv antl tolel of the nu» with n-1-<-ipts for thing.“ that f11l‘I\l~l¢t*tl Wm'l{ llnlt llu-\‘ lnul tlont-. r~o\"0r.~" morn than racvipts. .<t-moor l(rx\rm'. “'1-ll. that tlovnmnnt hatl r'on~ln~~h-tl work out \

Go1.n.\x.\.\' Y1». it tolls of what-—thr*\" .\Ir. tltvrt-. Ilvatl thv paragrapli ‘.2. 9:-nator I{i1\'.\"ttm'. It tl<>.=c'i"il»t~.~. (lot-< it not? (lnl nu \.\', “.\ inunla-1- of t-ovm-t"--— Mr. it's r'la>=ifi¢-tl do-*nnu>nt. a Ft-nator l{r\'\'rm'. \\'t~ll. YIN] t-an‘t rt-atl it. franl<l\‘. lmt it rvlatt~= to thv sul>.~"tan<‘P aml I <lon't know wl|_\'. qnitv

‘

\

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53

of those programs anrl your name is signed to the memorandums on tryingto review for usnow what is in the it. I am not ihl(‘l't'.~'l('tl in vou unfortunate if we were left with the dot-ument. but I think it wouhl be courier of T9.'~'()tlf‘('('s when we see a opinion that all you were was a.=igne<l. that talks about the substance document with your name onwe're it, interested in is the suhstanee of the of the pyograin. And what doeunu-nt.~" that were provided by the program. \\'e have the reeent Agenev. whit-h do indieate that you were at lea:~'t involved in the whether you're willing to substance, and Tm just trying to find out D

tell u.= about. that. to tell vou everytliing that Mr. tio|,n.\|.\.\'. I am perfectly willing I can remember. remember anything. Senator Ki:.\'.\'1-Luv. But vou can't the substantive parts of these Mr. Go|.n.\i.\.\'. I ean’t remember things. I really can’t. that wa= taking plaee. Senator Krt.\'.\'r:m'. Of the program with what was happening in 1)o you have any greater familiarity New York? Mr. GOLDMAX. No, no. saute funetion with regards Senator I{i:x.\‘i:m'. .\n<l vou have the to New York? with regard to New York. Mr. GOLDM.-\.\'. The same funetion go San Francisco? Senator Kr:.\':<i:m'. Did you ever to Mr. GOLD)I.\N. Yes. with the agent in charge? Senator Kr..\":~<r.m'. Did you meet M G01,n.\r.a.\'. Yes. meet with him‘? Senator K1-‘..\'.\'F.m'. And wh\' did you 1'.

of the reeeipts and things that were Mr. Gor.n:~1.a.\‘. To di.<eus.~ some true expenditures and to find out there to find out if these were intleetl right for the work that was being everything \\':t.~' going along all one. idf being done? Senator Kr..\'.\'r.m'. \\'hat work was these things and whatever was of Mr. (i1>I.I\.\!\\'. .\'o. the I'(‘]I(i11~' reported to but he did report to being (lone. I don't know who he somebody. to find out about the work Senator Kr.\2\'r:m'. You travel out there that the work is being that's heilig clone. and what does he tell you. done well and-—— work that they were doing was Mr. Gor.mm.\'. lle told me that the but to be very frank with going along. progres.-ing .=atisfaetorilv. vou--— what the work was? Senator Kt»:.\'.\'r.m'. But he didn’t tell you with vou. Senator. I cannot re- Mr. Go1.mt.\.\'. To he verv frankbaek in those days. I've been awav member the things that happened for over 10 years. and that is from the eompanv—froin the .~\genev that was just about the time when I even farther bark than that. and first-- first engaged in this. so it was my a series of $100 eheeks. to Senator Kr..\".\'r.m'. Did they disburse your reeolleet ion ? it. but if you have it there. then Mr. Gor,m1.\.\'. I don't recollect thev did. Senator Krtxxrtnr. Did vou know Dr. Gottlieh? Mr. GoLmt.\.\'. Yes.

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54 __4 Senator Kexxmv. How did you know Dr. Gottlieb? Mr.dGoLoMAi<. He had been head of the division when I was re- cruite Senator Kr-:1<.\'1-:m'. Did you talk to him about these programs? Did .

you have anything to do with hini during this period of time? would Mr. (i(>I.h.\I.\.\'. I didn't have anything to do with him until I say ]H‘nl>nlIl_\' in the sixties. Senator Kr:1\'.\'1~:o\'. And can you tell us what you had to do with him then? ,

Mr. Gr»i.mr.\:\'. Just what you see there on the papers. Senator Knxxnor. Well, that is the request for the money and he approves it. Mr. Goanm/n~'. That is the request for money and he approves the it.

and I am quite sure that I probably discussed with him whether work was going along all right. whether his reports were being turned whether he was satisfied with the way things were going in. and and did he have any complaints about the way other people were requesting him. but I did not engage myself in anything he was doing. Senator K£.\'.\'i:oY. \\'ell, did you get the impression that Gottlieb knew what was going on? Mr. Gm.nMAr~'. I didn’t. ask. Senator Krt.\'.\'i:n\'. But you told him that your impression that what was going on even though you didn't know what was going on, was go- ing on well. I guess? [Laughten] .\lr. Go|.mu.\x. I told Gottlieb what you saw in there was that the things appeared to be going along all right. I was repeating and par- rotiug hat-k the words that were given to me while I was there. Senator Ki-zxxzor. VVhat was the money being spent for, do you know? Mr. Goi.mvr.\x. No: I ean’t reeall that, sir. Senator Knxxsnr. Would you remember if we told you it was red curtains and can-can pictures--— Mr. Go1.mr.~\.\'. No. sir. Senator Kr:.\'.\"r.nY. Floral pictures and the rest. Mr. GOLDM.~\.\‘. No, sir. Senator Kr:r~'r~1.nr. Recorders. Mr. Gomamx. No. sir. Senator Knxwznr. Recorders and two-way mirrors. Mr. Goanu.-us". \\'ait. hold on. You're slipping a word in there now. Senator Knxxr.nr. But you would have authorized those funds. would you not. since you were the—— ' @ Mr. GflLDM.\!\'. Did you say' two-wav mirrors I '

Senator Kr:xxr.m'. Yes. Mr. GOLDM.»\N. \Vhere? Senator I{l>IN.\'I>TI‘tY. In the safe houses. Mr. Go1.n.\x.\x. Wlierei Senator Kr:.\'xr.n\'. San Francisco. M r. Gm.mw/n~r. No. Senator Kr.x.\'r.m'. How about New York? Mr. Gommw. Yes. Senator Km-.\'r:n\'. You remember now that you approved expendi- tures for New York?

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¢ Mr. GOIDNAN. Yes. for? Senator KEN XEDY. \\'hat were those expendituresover for the use in Mr. (iuL|i.\l.\.\'. That \\‘a;s a transfer of moneyNarcotics. It was for an apartment in New York by the Bureau of their use. of what was going Senator K1=:.\'.\'nnr. Do you have any knowledge on in the apartment? ac- .\I r. Go|.nM.\.\'. No. sir. other than I know that it had been used, been given. was used by the cording to the information that I have it

Bureau of Narcotics to make meetingsd0pe—not with individuals who they were pushing dope, but sell- interested in with regard to pushing ing narcotics and that sort of thing. responsibilities and Senator K}Z.\'.\'EliY. Well. I am sure you had many it“s a long time ago. but the Agent-v docs indicate that you were project monitor for that particular program. Mr. Go1.n.\1.-\.\‘. That‘s correct. went out to re- Senator Ki-:.\".\'r.m'. Your own testimony indicates you were being of funds to find out whether they view the expenditures project director, Mr. wisely used. that vou came back and talked to the him a progress report about what was going on out j- ‘v Gottlieb, to give there. Mr. G01.-DMA.\'. Yes. sir. I did. true. and yet you draw a Senator Kr..\'.\'r,nr. All those things areproject itself. That’s where complete blank in terms of what was the the record is now. review the projects nor did Mr. Goum.\.\'. I did not go out there to review what I had observed I come hack and talk with Mr. Gottlieli and the_v——that is. other parts of the Agency in terms of any projects that reported back those things might have in operation there. I simplyout there who-—and I carried which were told to me by the individual the report that you have in front them back and they are contained ingiven to me. of you, word for word. just as it was The report that you examined here is a substan- Senator Kr..\'.\'r:m'. project. And I don’t think tive report on the particular program and project—this is a personal evalu- anyone who wasn’t familiar with the substance of it without knowing ation-could write a report on the can’t remember and recollect, about it. Now, that’s mine. Maybe you and that’s--— in there is things that I Mr. Go1.nmt.\-. No; everything I put down there was told while I was out there.and just don’t remember if was any ancillary informa- that. I really tion involved in there I can tell you I don’t. At the time—tha.t was some years ago. sure At the time—-a lot of time has that if I could recollect it passed since then and I have made quite have some papers and you want me to cer- at all. I would do it. If you but can't recall or that I can do that. I tify whether yes. this is so is so, it mentally. principal. There are others Senator Ksxxnnr. You just certified the u here. PI would like to go to Dr. Gittinger. Mr. Girnxonn. It’s Mr. Gittinger. with the Agency? Senator Kzxxsnr. How long did you serve

l

K v

i

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56 Mr. Gl'I'TlNGER. ']‘\\-onty-six vt-at-s. Senator Ki:.\":~'r:m'. E.\:r't1s0 mo? Mr. G11'rt.\"m:n. Twont y-six yvars. Senator K?Z.\'.\‘l£|>\'. T\\~o1it\"-six \'0ar»~. Aml at .~mm- point yon inon-tl into thv nptwational snppnrt side, is that cot-rt-ct ? M r. (in~n.\'<:r.R. Yes. St-natfir Ki:.\'xi:nv. And did you know Sitlney Gottlieh? Mr. (in'r'1xt:r.R. Yt=.~‘, sir. Senator Ki:X.\"i:m'. And did he inform you about tht» I‘(‘F(‘€!I‘(‘l\ pr0j— 0ct.~ in\'0l\'ln;: LSD? Mt'.(i1'rr1xm1tt. Yes. sir. Seii:tt<>1-Kt:.\".\"r.|n'. lt i.= my nntlt>r¥tan<ling that \'(tH \\'<>|-0 Bl:-'0 aware of sonw of the drug t(=.=tin;: projvg-ts mndnt-tt~d on unwitting §lll|jt"('tS rm tht- wt-.~t (‘0u.~t ti.<1n;:tlw Burvau of I\'ar<-otit-:~ people in the opvration. Is that true! M r. (lrt'rt.\"m:r:. I was-". Svn:n<n' 1.\'uL‘\'l-2, l'l.\('nse me. Would you speak into tho microphone? I t-annnt ht-ar _v01|. -

Mr. (in'rt.\'m:n. .<orr_\‘. §(*n:ttm' KI-1.\'.\'l-IIW. Do you knmv which drug» were in\-olvotl in those lt=.=t.~'?

Mr. (i|'1'rl.\'m:t:. l..\‘l). And I <':tn't rmnentber for sure much of the of marilmmm. c:mnabi.<. is that right. that ntln-r.~" \\'hat i.<tl1t».<nlr.~"t:|m-t> can he tlt-lit-on-tl l»\~ ntlmrtlmn .~tnnl<htg‘? Sonatm" Kt»:x.\'1»:m'. (‘annahi>? Mr. (i1'rTtxm'.n. 'l‘horv had hovn sonio tli.=0n.=.=i0n of that: yes. St-natur Km" .\'}IhY. And \\'a.-' hertiin alm used? Mr.(i11"T1xt;mt.llt~rninnsod hy(‘l.-\? Senator K mt .\"r:m'. Nn. In tht» west (‘O:t.<t opvration. Mt'.(h1‘rix<:r.t<. Ah;<ul\ttol\" not. Senator KBN.\'I>IDY. .\'ow. tn \'nnr knotvlvdgo. how were tho drugs ad- 111lIll.<lt'T(‘tll(lll\t'l1l\\\‘lfllIl;[ .=\il»jw~ts? Ur. (l|1'ri.\"m:R. l ha vv imtlirvt-t lmowlt-tlgtu Qt-n:|t01‘Kt1.\‘xF.m‘.Why did you gn to tlw safe lions:-5? Mt: Gi1'r|xm:|t. lt'.- a \"vr\' cniitplieatetl .=tm‘\'. Just in jn.=tifi<‘ati0n of m\'selt'. this cantoup just day ht-fore yc~.-tet-tlay. 1 lmw not really had ontmgli time tn get it all .~"traiglttt=m>tl in my mlhtl. .~n I ran1ltlo .\'t~nator Kr..\"xr.m'. Wt-ll. \nn takv your time and toll Us in ymtr own wortl-. \\'v'\'e gut .<mu<~ timv lmrv. Mr. (ii-i"|"t.\"ut:|t. My i't-~"pmi.~il>iliti¢s \\'hi<'h wnnltl ln\'nl\'0 any of the ]l('I‘lml of tinw that _\'mt \\0w talking almut rc~:tll\' \v:t.~ not tliroctly rvlatotl tn drn;:.- at all. 1 was a ]r§\':‘l|0lu;:l.<t olmrgvtl with thv re~=pon.=i- hility of ti-yittg to clt-u-lnp a.~ llmvlt infurtntttinn a.~' I muhl on \'ari0u.= 0\'£*l'>‘P;].\ t-nltnrt~.~>. antln-opolngit-al l\'l)9 data. if \'m1 follow ('t1lti1t'v>=. what I mean. I \\"a.~ lll.‘-ll (*II{'tl;'('ll in trying to work nut \\"a\'s and means Of:\5<t'#FlllgD(‘fi|>lt':1H|lIll)(lf‘I‘sl2l1)tllIl;!]lt'O]\lt‘. I nrigin:ill\' lt(‘t‘i\ll\(' it\\'<>l\"t-tl in this through \\‘0l‘l-illl{' rm (‘hine=r\ rnltnrt-. and n\'m' :1 S4'rlP.< of timv I \\';|.< intrmlnt-ml tn thv prohlmn of l\l'fll|l\\'iI.*illlll{'. whit-h is tht~ thing that rt~all\" \va.~" tho nm~t <'mnpt-llingz

thing in rPl:tti0n.~"l1ip tn thi.-". and lx-vamv c~l:ar;vt-tl with tlw re=|mn.=i- l»ilit\' of trying to find out a littlv hit about itttci-roggatinn techniques.

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57 And among other tliing.<. we decided or I deeided that one of the best \\

't\

sourees of intt-rrn;'ut ion l('('llIllt']lIE'.~ wouhl be tr\'in<r to locate and inter- view aml her-nine inrolvetl with experieneetl police interrogators in the eountry and ercperieueed Feople who had real praetieal knowledge of interrogation. The reason or this is that we hail lN‘t't‘)IH9 pretty well eonvint-ed after the experienee of the hrainwa’-hing problems coming out of ('hina. that it was the techniqut-.~" of the interrogaton that were eausing the i|!(ll\'itll12llS10!!H1l{(' (‘0fif(‘S.~'iOl1.~' and so forth in relation:~hip to thi.~. rather than any kind of drtiggiiig and so forth. So we were very much intere.<tt-tl in interrogation teehnique.~i. and this led to me heing introdueed to the agent in the \\'e.<l coa.<t. and I began to talk to him in connection with the.~e interro;_'ation ter"l)niqm*.'~‘. Senator KE?~'.\"r:m'. UK. .\'ow. that i.= the agent that ran the tests on the west eoa.-‘t on the unwitting people. That'.~ where you eome in. correct? -

Mr. Grrrt.\'caa. If I un<ler.¢tan<l-—-wnulfl you sax‘ that again? Senator Kr..\'x1:m'. The name Morgan Hall has been-that is the name that has been used. Mr. (irrrn~'<:r.a. Yes. Qenator Kr.x.\'r.m'. And that is the agent that you met with. Mr. G11‘T1.\"r.i:a. That is right. St*l1:ll0l‘iK}lXNl-lh\‘. Anti you met at the safe house. Mr. (;i'rri.\'m:n. Yes. sir. :~‘en;|1n1- ]\'i:.\'xt:m'. \\'ho1n dill you meet with in the safe house? Mr. Gn'rir\m:n. 'I"hi~ the part that is hard for me to sap‘. and I am i.=

sorry that I lt:t\'t- to. In eonneetion with some work that we were flniiig. we Itevclt-ll to lun-e Snlnv information on .=exual habits. Morgan llall [n'n\'i<lt-tl infoi-m:mt.~" for tue to talk to in eonneetion with the sex hal»it.= that l was intere.~tetl in trying to fiml information. During one period of time the sa fe l|<m~"e. as far as l \\‘n.~' concerned. was u.=ed for ju<t tlu-.~e partieular type of inter\'iew.~". And I didn't see the red enrtain.=. Senator K .\'r.m'. Those were pro=titutes. were they? M G 1-'.\‘

r. Yes. sir. l'l"I"l.\'GER. Senator Kr.\.\'>:m'. Ilow man)‘ different tim('*.= were you there that \-on hatl .~"imil:n'-—— Mr. Gn-r|.\"m:n. 1 couldn't po.=.=ihlv .<av with any eertainty on that. Four or five time~". Senator Kit): \‘EI>Y. Four or five time=. Flt". (it1't"|\t:i:|:. Over-\"ou remember now. the period that I'm talk- ing nlmtll when l wouhl have any involvement in thi~" i.< ft'omahout W54; to 1961. So it'.< ahout n 4- or fiqvear periotl which i< the only time that l know anvthin;: about what you are talking about here today. .“4enator l{i1\-.\i:m'. Dill .\lHl'£1t\ll llall make the arrangen1ent.= for the prost itutes to meet with you? Mr. G\1'1‘1xni'.R. Yes. sir. Senator l(1:.\"\"i:|n". Did the interviews that you had have anything to rlo with drt1p'=? Mr. Gi't'rixt:r.n. \Vell. 11¢ I tried to explain earlier when this wa.= lmilig <li.~t~u.~'setl H little hit lieforehand. atrain I think it i.= pretty hard for niost people now to !‘r‘t‘fl<'hl7.1" how little there was known about tiru;r= at the period of time that we are talking about, because the

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58 drug a;_'t- or tln= drug cnlturv r-nn1<.< lat:-r on. Cnns¢~qnontl\', those of n.= \\h<vha<l any |‘('>'l|t>tt.~illllil}‘ in this an-a \\'<-1'0 ilttt-l'('.~=tt'tl iii trving to gt-t a.~ nnah intnrinatitm a< \u- t-nnltl on thv sttl)('ttlt\t1‘(-. tlw sulfculturc <lt'n;' and uh\‘im|»l\' thv Burt-an of .\'at'cnti<:.~ 1'1-prewntcd n ;rr<-tt|»~. Htt'tlt|- tluing thi.-. (‘0|\.~'<-q|u‘t1tl\' utln-r t\'|w.< of tliings that were nt‘ in\'nl\‘t--l in tli-vu<.<iutt~ at that timv \\~nnl\l lltl\'t‘lt)tlt>\\‘ill1lilt-t1l)d(*!'- ;1|‘<\11n\l u~t- <>ftl1'ti;:.<. \\'la~n I am talking ahont thi> I am t2lll{i11§!tll101ll thv fuih\\'i\\'> in 'lt‘I'lll.~'Ui'l)ll\\'llllI)§j n.~t-uf<lrn;r~. Dill 1l)EF('])('t>pl(-S1131 l \\’;l—1:|ll§in~,'tn haw an\’ infnnnatiun almnt tl|i.< and on 11m- in.~:tan<-1-.= tlivy \\a-11‘ ahlv tn toll nn- ahmtt thvir Us-'(-,!lI14l in must (-as<\~" this wouhl l:n‘;:t-l\" turn nut in hv a .\li<-kt-\' Finn or .~mm-thing of that sort rather

than an\"thin;' 4~~"ntt~rir‘. 1 al.~‘n \\'a.~ \'<-r\' nmvh ilttt-t'(~.==t1-cl lit-t':ttl>t' wo hatl rt-lativt-l\' little infm-ntativ-n. lot-lit-\v it 0!‘ not. at that tinw. in tt-|'n|.~. of thv tat-ions H-:u'ti<>|t.~ that ],N,]»lt- \\t-rt’ having to <lrn;1.~, 'l'l1<r<-furc-. tln-sv pt-nplu \wn- \'tr\' infm-mati\"<- in (t"X‘!1lF of thvy knew a great deal of informa~ tinn almut n-:|vti0n.<. .\'t-ltzttnr l{r..\'.\'t:m'. .\t lt-a~"t you ;'fltln-1't~<l--m‘ am I t-u|'1'w~t in a.~.-tnn- ing that \‘<>n g.:atln~n-tl thv itnprt~,~.-inn that thv pl'0.~titt1tt'> that \"nn lnnl tallu-ll tn \u-n- alslv tu slip thv tl1'n;r~‘ tn pt-oplv as I ttmh-r.<tan<l it. Did \‘0n f<l]'ll1 an\' iln]m\~.~inn on that 4 Mr. (ii't'r|.\'m:|:. l 1-1-rtainl\' tlitl not Torin tho i|np1't.<:<i0n that tht_\' diti thi~ as a rnlr- or-1 -- .\'vnatm' K|»t.\' N)-IIYY. lint thvy had tlw l<tm\\'lv<l;:<. Mr. (it1'rt.\"m;|:. Tlu~\' had tlw knmt-l<al;;<~ nr some of thmn had had l-{n0\\'lmlg'('ultllisl|t~iH;Itl(m(‘.B11! again. as it tnrnvtl out. it was largely in this arva of l\'nm'l;unt (lt‘n]t<. Svnntnr ]{t:.\'.\1:m'. lmnl{itt;' havlt now tlitl you form any intp|'v.<.<i01t nhmn how tla- .\g<-tn-\' \va.< a<‘l\\:lll\'tv.<titt;1tltt-l1t'0:\<l>]wt'trt1n10f >nc‘ial clasws in tln-.<<- .~":tf\- lnni.<o.~? \\'ith thv lat-;w tii>l)\ll'>i\l of cash in small t]\mntitiv.~". $1HH l>ill.~ aml thv kimls of t'l:ll|uT:lit' (lm'0rati0n.~" and t\\‘n-\\'a\‘ lnit'I'm".~ in Iln~ lrt-\lI'nnt|.>‘ aml all thr 11-.-t. i.~ tla-rv any qm=>ti0n in ymtr mvn miml what wa.~" gating OH in tho .~al'v ll0H.~'t‘.~1. or thv tar]:- niqm-.- that tn-rv ht-ing u~\-tl tn a~lmini.~"u-1' tln*.~"v tlru;:>"? .\lz-. (lri'i'|.\'<;t;|:. l timl it n-r\ tlitiit-uh tn an,~\\-4-1' that qnt~.<tion. Fit‘. I

hail alv.~nlntvl\t no din-I-t l~1tIu\\‘l<'(l;:<-tlttI‘v \\'a.~' a lar;'<' nt1mhm'nfthis. I hml no l(t|<r\\‘lt‘tl,t"<’ that an\'<m<> nthvr than-than .\l<\r;::tn llall \\'a.~" in any wa\' in\‘nl\‘<'tl in th<~ unwitting a<ln|ini.~"tratimt of <h'n;:.~. .\'\-natur Kt1.\'.\'r:m'. But (inttlivh wmthl know. wnttltl ho not? .\lt'.(iI'I'I't.\‘til1l{. l la-li\~\"o >0. \'t-.~. sir. .i\\-nat<n' l{v:xx>:m; (‘nultl \\'\- gm inn» tlw llnman I-Ivnlng\' l-‘ountla- tion and tall; ttlmtll that and lm\\' it \\‘a.~t1.\\-tl:1>a11in#H'l1lnt‘nl in lt‘l‘ll\S of thv .~up|nn‘I of 1'v.~1-:i|"t-ll? Mr. (ii1'1"|xm:i:. Yvs. sir. St-nator 1§i:\'.\'i;m'. (‘mild you tlt\_~'t'Y‘il>|‘ it to 11;‘? (‘unhl you <l(.~'m"il\r~ thvllmnanlimrlugg)"1-'mm~latinn.hmvit fnnvtinnml atnl huw it \\-m"l;vtl? Mr. (h1'r|.\-<:t:n. .\la\' 1 u-H sonwtliiing ahnnt how it <~\"0l\"ml, whit-h I think i~ impm-tant! .'\‘t-natur l(t:.\".\'t:n\'. Sun-. Mr. Gt'r'r|.\‘(;1-11:. 'l'h\- .\o<-iot\' for the In\'o.<ti;:atinn of Human Frol- .~‘<|-t':\ll<-cl. wa.= a0ft1all\' :1-1 am ('Oflf\I$(‘\l horn» now as to whether n,<v_\'.

l should nanw _\'utl natm-s.

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Senator Knxxaov. Well. we‘re not interested in names or institu- tions, so we prefer that you do not. That has to he worked out in arrangements between Admiral Turner and the individuals and the institutions. But \ve‘re interested in what the Foundation really was and how it function;-tl and tvlmt its purjwuse was. Mr. (i1'rr1:<m:i:. \\'ell. it was estnhlishetl to undertake research in the gc~m~ml area of the behn\'i01'al sciences. It definitely had almost no focus or interest in. say. drug-relatetl type of activities except in a very minor way. h<=cau.~"e it was largely set up to attempt to gain a certain amount of information and to fund projects which were psychological. sociological. antln-opologicnl in chut'u<'ter. It was established in the sen.-e of a period of time that a lot of u.- who are in it wish we could do it over again. but we were interested in trying to get together a panel of the most re JI’(‘h9I]Iflll\'t’ high-level behavioral scientists we could to oversee and holly in terms of deveioping the Society for the Investiga- tion of Human Ecology type of program. The Agency in efiect provided the money. They did not direct the projects. Now, the fact of the matter is. there are a lot of innocent peo- pie who received the Society for the Investigation of Human Eco ogv money which I know for a fact they were never asked to do anything for the CIA but they did get through this indirectly. They had no knowledge that they were getting (‘IA money. Senator K£.\'xi:nY. Over what period of time did this take lace? Mr. Gtrrtsoan. As far as I was concerned. it was the period,of time ending in 1961. I believe the Human Ecology fund finally phased out in 196?». but I was not involved in this phasing out. Senator Ki:\"x1:nv. Can you give the range of the diflerent sort of individual projects of the universities in which it was active? Mr. Gi'rr1.\'or.n. ‘Well. it would have as many as—I am very fuzzy on my memory on the number of projects. It is over 10. 20. 30. Senator KEXNED\'. After it made the grants. what was the relation- ship of the Agency with the results of the studies? The Foundation acquired the money to make the grants from the Agency. and then it. made the wants to these various research programs. Mr. Grrrtxonn. Yes. sir. Senator Krxmtnv. And that included eight universities as well as individual researchers? Mr. Gt'rr1.\'m:n. Yes. sir. Senator Krwxnnv. Then what follow-up was there to that. sir! Mr. Gl'!’I"L\'G}ZR. Wt-ll. in every sense of the word. the organizfation was run exactly like any other foundation. and it carried with it the same thing: in terms of making certain that the people that they had given money to used it for the nurposc for which it had been granted, that they had access to any of the reports that they had put out. but there were no strinsrs attached to anvbod_\'. There wasn’t any reason thev couldn't puhlish 1\"\'ihinL'thr\t they nut out. Senator Kr.\'.\'nnv. \Vlmt sort of budget are we talking about here? Mr. Gr'rn.\'c:r.n. I honestlv do not rememher. I would miess we are talking in the realm of about S150.000 a year. hut don’t hold me to that. because I don’t know.

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Senator K1:>m1:nY. What is your view about such funding as a pro» fessiona; person, in terms of compromising the integrity of a univer- sity. sir .

Mr. Grrnnonn. 'Well. obviously. sir. insofar as today there is no question about it. I will have to say at the time that we were doing this there was quite an entirely different kind of an attitude. and I do know for a fact that we moved to start towards phasing out the So- ciety for the Investigation of Human Ecology and the Human Ecol- ogy Fund for the very reason that we were beginning to recognize that it was moving into an area hut this would be compromised. Senator Kr:.\'xrnY. ‘Yell. that is commendable. hoth your attitude and the reasons for it, but during that period of time it still was in- volved in behavior research programs. as I understand it. Mr. GXTTIXGPZR. Yes. sir. On its own. in connection with this. it partieipated again. and these again were not CIA-directed projects. but these were all things which would theoreticallv contribute to the zreneral knowledge at the time where the things like the study of the Hungarian refugees--oh\'iouslv. the study of the Hungarian refugees who eame to this e0tIntt‘\' after the Hungarian revolt was a very use- ful exereise to try to get information about the personality character- istics of the ('0mmunists and so forth. Senator Ki:.\'xr:nY. Were there other foundations that were doing similar kinds of work? Mr. Gt1'r1\'c.r.n. Not to mv knowledge. sir. Senator Ki"..\'.\'|=tn\'. You helieve-—- Mr.Gi1~ri.\:cr.n. You mean. (‘l.\. other CIA? Flenator Kr..\'.\'r.nv. Right. Mr. Girrmorn. l\'ell. my answer is in the sense that I know of no other (‘IA foundations. no. There were. of course. other foundations doing similar kinds of work in the Ynited Ftates. Senator Kt:.\'.\'r.m'. Have you heard of the Psyehological Assess~ ments Foundation? Mr. Gt1'rt\'m:n. I certainly have. Senator Ksxxnni". lVhat was that? What function did that have? Mr, Gn~n\~m;n Now. this was bringin'' us up to a difi'erent era. I believe the functions of that organization have nothing whatsoever to do with the things that are being talked about here while I was associated with it. Senator Km-.\'r".nv. Rather than getting into the work. it was another foundation. was it not? It was another foundation supported by the Agency? Mr. Gi1'rv\'oi:n. \\'lint. the l".sycliologieal Assessment? Qenator Ki:.\'xi:nY. Yes. Mr. Gi1'ri\'nr.a. No. sir. it was not. Senator Kr.\'.\'mn'. It did not get any support at all from the Agcney? Mr. Gn"rI.\'m".n. Oh. yes. sir. It did get support. but it was a business firm. .qPl1fIl;tX' Kr:.\:.\"i:m'. It was a business but it got support from the A L'(‘Il('\' 4 .

Mr. lfirrrmmtn. It got monev from it. hut it definitely was not in MKl'I.'l'R.\ or in any way associated with this.

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Senator Kt:.\'.\"r.n\'. All right. I want to thank you for your helpful testimony. Mr. Gittinger. It is not easy to go back into the past. I think you have been very fair in your characterizations, and I think it is quite appropriately indicated that there are different standards now from what they were 25 years ago. and I think you have responded very fairly and completely to the inquiries. and I think with a good deal of feeling about it. You are a person who is ohviou.=ly attempting: to serve the country's interest. so I want to thank you very much for your statement and t

t

for your helpful timeliness. Mr. G1'I'rt.\'m:n. Thank you. sir. Senator I.\'ot'i't1. Senator Case? s

Senator CASE. Thank you. Mr. Fhairman. I am sorry that I had yr

r another committee that I had to complete the hearing with this morn- ing before I got here. I shall read the testitnony with very great interest, and I appreci- ate your testimony as I have heard it. I would like to comment just on one point. and that is. it relates to a story in the press yesterday about ..;;, part of this program invol\'in,<' the funding of a grant at a foreign university. I would like to elicit from you a comment as to the addi~ tional scn.<iti\"ity and difficulty that that practice involves from your standpoint a scientist. as well as a citizen. if you will. ti:-‘

Mr. Gt'1'rt.\'m:n. 1 will say it was after the fact thinking. It was utter stupidity the way things worked out to have used some of this money outside the l'nited States when it was (‘IA money. I can categorically i

state to my knowled;'e and I don't claim a complete knowledge all the way €1t‘I'u.=~' of the lnunan ceolo;,r\' ftuictions. but to my knowledge. and this is unfortunate. those people did not know that they were getting \ money from (‘l.\. and they were not asked to contribute anything to (‘IA as such. \ Senator (‘.\st;. It would he interesting to tn" to examine this by tum- l"§l' tilt" llliltg: around and thinking what we‘ would think if this hap- 0 1 pened front a Iut‘t‘l§'It otlieial agency to our own ttniversitv. Thank 'vou, Mr. (‘hairman. '

'e1mtorI\'<a"rt;. Senator Schweiker.

Senator St-|t\\'t:1itt-zn. Thank yon. Mr. Fltairnian. Dr. Goldman. I wonder if won would tell us what vour trainine l i I and educational haekgzronnd is‘? ‘

Dr. Gm,n.\t.\.\'. I have alreadv ;''i\'en a hio,qrapl1\' for the record. Senator S<"||\\'t:tm~:tt. I lt:|\'epnt >1-en it. \\'hn has it? Is it classified? \\'e may have it for the record. hnt ntav I ask you to hriefiv describe your training and hack~'|-otmd fnt'1|.~'n(i\\‘? I hope it is no s¢'~crpt \ 1 l)r. (int.n.\t.-\N. Well. I \\':t.< told if I \\':ti-' asked this to say that. I was told that by your staff people. hut I have no ohjection to telling vou. I am a resident front l’etut.<yl\':|nia. southwe.<t T'e|nts\'l\"ania. Lan~ caster (Ionnty. I went to Penn State. and I am in nutrition. Senator Scttwt:tm:t: In what? ~.

Dr. Gn1.Ii.\I.\N. l\'utrition. Senator Senwrznnzn. \\'ere you in charge of a section or segment of the (‘IA in your past capacity? _ Dr. Gonrm-v\:\'. During the. time I was with that organization. I was in charge of one small section of it. one small segment of it; yes.

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Senator Sc1~1\vr.u<r.n. What was the function or purpose of that sec- (ion that you lioatlrtlt 1)r. Gt >I.D.\I.\.\'. To providr support for the other parts of the division. Senator Hciixwzixiziz. \\'lit-ro in the <-hnin 0f (‘Ol'l1Ill€ll’1d would that put you in relation to lh". (§ottli<>h'! Dr. (im.n,\| .\.\'. l’re>tt\' fa r (lmvn thr lino. .\‘<-mitnr .\‘<"1i\vi;im:i:. Mr. (iittingor. I would just likr to ask you a ft-\\' q11v.~‘tiHI!.~‘.\\'<' fll\[II'('i'lfll(’\'(HlI‘ friniktit-.=.< tmtl (~nmlm- with tlw mm-

mittov. nml \\‘<' l"(‘t1ll7.o thi.~ is :1 \'er\' tliflicult nrt-:1 to go into. I am nnt quitv ch-:ir mi two m:itt0r.~' that \\"m'0 1‘fli~‘('(i mrlivr. First. wcre tho safe li0u.~"v.~ we \\-ow tzilltiiig about horn u.-t-d on occasion by thv prostitutes you i'0ft-rn-(l to? Mr. (i1'l"I'I\'tiF.R. I 'f‘('1lll\'ltfi\'(’ not the .=li;rhtvst idea. St-ii:itnr .\‘<"ii\\‘i:iiu;i:. \\'vrt- thr ])l‘l)>'lllllYP.~' usvtl in any \va\' to slip tlw r-1i.<tmm-r>tli'i1;1~ fm-nl»>ri-vzitioii purpo.=0.=? .\Ir. G1'1"'1'l.\’(‘-ER. Not tn I1l\'dll‘(‘(‘t l€n0\\'l(\tl;Yt-. .\'<~n:itnr .\'t'n\\'i:n< 111:. \\'nnl<l you have ht-on in a pmition to know the :ni:<\\-or to vithvr uf tln-:~"o QIIP.-=il0H.=? Mr. (§i'|'rr\'m;n May I sa\'. pmhnhly not. and may I niako an a.=~idt~ to t'.\l]>l11ill at littlv hit uf this. plt~a=<*. sir? St-imtnr >'ru\\'r:uu:n. Mr. Gittinger. a moment ago you !'fl(‘ltll0fl(’(l ln-:iin\\-:i.~liin;' twliiiiqties. as om arra that you haul. 1 ;,mv.~1=. tlfillt‘ $01110 \\~m'k in. lluw \\'nllltl you (‘ll2"tY‘tl('l(‘l‘l7.(" the» state of thv art nf brain- \\':i.<liing l(\\l;l\'? \\'lin has tho most rxpt-rti.~"0 in this tieltl. and who is or is not <l0in;_' it in l(‘!'lH!3 of fill\("t’,tI0\‘('t’Ill\l(‘Hl’§? During thv l(m~<-an \\-nr tlirro \\~n.= a lot of serious disrus=ion about l>I'Jllll\\‘il~lliH§I tt-t~liiiiqiit\~' l>vin;1ii.=ml hy tlir .\'m'th K0r0mi.~. anti I am llllt'l‘i'~‘lt‘tl in tiniling mit \\'ll2ll tho stmv oftho art istoday. asyou sen it.

Mr. (i1i'|'txt:rt:. \\'t-ll. of t-rmi'.<t-. tlu"-rv has lwvn ti gtrvat deal of worlz mi thi~. and tl-t-rv is still :1 grvzit tlvzil of <‘0!tlt‘()\'(‘l‘S\'. I can tell you that as flu‘ :t.= I km-\\". h\" 19131. 196:3. it was at least proven to my snti:-- fartirm that l-min\m.=l»in;'. .~n rallt-tl. is somo l-aiml of an o.=nteri<- device wlwrr tlrn;'.~" in‘ lllllhl-;lll(‘l‘lllQ' kiml< of miirlitioxis and so forth worn nst-ll. tlitl nut 1-.\i.=t 1-\'\'Il tlmugflt "Tho .‘lttI\('llllI‘ifiH F‘andi<lnt0" as a inm"i<~ I't‘{|ll\' st-t n~ lmt-k :1 l<my: timt-. lii~<~:iii.~1- it mntiv something im- po.¢+'il»lt- luok pl:in.~'il>lt-. lln you fnllmv what I nwzin? But by 1962 and 196:1. tlw gem-rzil iilra that wo \\'r~rr lllllt‘ to crime up with is that brain- \\':l~lllH1'" \v:i.< lurgt-l\' a ]H‘Ot‘(‘.\'.\' of isnl:itin; at -human hoin;_'. keeping:

him out m’ vontm-t, putting him nn<l<~r long .=tr(>s'= in r<-lntionship tn lHl(‘T\'lt\\‘lIl;I and i'tIlt‘l'I‘(if'tlli(m. and that thry (‘0tll(l ]H‘0(lU<'(‘ any rlmn;'v that \\'tl_\' withrmt li:n'in,q' to rt\.=nrt to any kind of esott-rig ' mt-:m:=. Ft-nntnr .q(‘II\\'l~iIKl‘.II. .-\I'1 thero ways that we can ascortniii thi; from n di.=tnn<~t- \\'hc>n we sq» n (~apti\'v ]>risonPr eitht-r go on t<>lo\'i.=imi. in a 1>lmtn:'i'n]>li. or at :1 prn-.~ rniifvi-viivr? In ntlwr wnrtl.<. nrr tlirrv 001* tnin signs that you lmvr lrnrnml to ivrogniizn from \'nur torlinival lHI<'l{}It'tlttlttl. tn toll wlu-n ln':|i|n\"a.~l|iii;,: has-‘ o<-r-urn-<1? Or is that very tlifii--nlt tndn? Mr. Gl'I'I‘l.\'GFIt. T1 is tliflit-ult to do. I think it is pnsihlr imw in te~rm.= of lmlcing at a ]rlt‘llH‘t' of SO11t0l\ncl\' who has been in (‘!\(‘I!1\'ll€\I‘i(lSfOY‘ a long |\('t'ifl(l of timr. “'0 r-an got SOIIIO prc~tt_\' gonrl ideas of what kind of (‘ll'(‘\IIIlSl{H‘t(‘(‘S he has been under. if that is what you moan.

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Senator S(‘H\\‘£IKER. That is all I have. Mr. Chairnian. Thank you. Senator I.\‘ot'n;. Thank you very much. Before atljourning the l)(‘21I‘i)),‘_'S. I would like to have the record show that In-. Goldman antl 1\Ir.Gittingerha\'e voluntarily cooperated 1 with the committee in staff interviews. that they appear this morning voluntm-ily. and they are not under suhpena. Gentlemen. I realize that this experience may have been an unhappy \ one and po.=:~:ihly a painful one. Therefore. we thank you very much for part it-ipating this niorning. We also realize that the circumstances \

O- of that time tlifierecl very much from this day, and possibly the na- tional attitude. the national political attitutle condoned this type of aetivit y. So. we have not asked you to come here as persons who have committetl crimes. but rather in hope that you can assist us in studying this problem so that it will not occur once again. In that spirit we thank you for your participation. and we look forward to working *5? with you further in this case. Thank you very much. Senator I{i:.\'.\'r.m'. Mr. (‘hair-man. I would like also to thank the witne;se1~s. These are diflieult matters. and I think all of us are very

ate u . gr-Senator Scu\\'£1r:r.R. I think the witnesses should know that though \

it may not tll\\‘€\\'.~' seem that way. what we are trying to do is to probe the past and look at the policies of the past to affect the future. I think our emphasis really is on the future. not the past. but it is important that we learn from the past as we formulate policies and legislation for the future. I hope that all of the witnesses who dial come before us \'oluntaril\' this morning. inelutling \tl1nit'fll Turner respect the fact that we are questioning the past to learn about the future. I think it shoultl he looked at in that light. Senator Kr..\'xr:m'. I think that is the spirit in which we have had / these hearings. It seems to me that from both these witnesses and others. Gottlieb knows the information and can best respond. and we are going to make every effort in the Senate Ilealth (‘ommittee to get Mr. Gottlieh to appear. and we (lI)\'i0I1Sl\' look forward to cooperating with Senator Inouye and the other members" of the committee in get- ting: the final chapter written on this. but we want to thank you very much for your appea rant-e here. Senator Ixorrn. The hem-in;_t will stantl in recess, subject to the call \ 1 of the (‘hair-. [\\'ht-reupon. at 12 21:2 p.m.. the hearing was recessetl. subject to the call of the Thain]

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APPENDIX A

XVII. TESTING AND USE OF CIII-IMICAL AND BIOLOGI- CAL AGENTS BY TIII5 l.\'TELLIGE.\'CI-L COBIBIUNITY the Select Committee has st udicd the testing and Under its mandate ‘

intelligence agencies. Detailed use of chemical and biological agents by descriptions of the programs conducted by intelligence agencies in- be included in a separately volving chemical and biological agents (_‘omniittee's will report. This sec- published appendix to the senate fielei-t rationale for the programs, their tion of the report will discuss the investigation has and what the Committee's monitoring and control, intelligence agencies and revealed ail.-out the relationships among the with other government agencies and private in- about their relations stitutions and individuals.’ would use chemi- Fears that countries hostile to the ‘United States allies led cal and biological agents against Americans or .~‘unerica’s defensive program designed to discover tech- to the development of a detect and counteract niques for American intelligence agencies to orientation soon became chemical and biological agents. The defensive possible use of these agents to obtain information secondary as the apparent. liecame from, or gain control over. enemy agents which could Research and development programs to find materials the late I9-ills and be used to alter human behavior were initiated in experimental programs originally included testing early 1950s. These of drugs involving wilting human subjects. and culminated in tests human subjects. These tests were de- using unwitting. nonvolunteer chemical or biological signed to determine the potential etict-ts of unaware that they agents when used operationally against individuals had received a drug. The testing programs were consideredFew highly sensitive by the in- people. even within the telligence agencies administering them. no evidence that either agencies, knew of the programs and there is Congress were ever informed of them. The the executive branch or mav explained in highlv compartmented nature of these programs be CIA Inspector General that, “the part by an observation made by the knovvled Ze that the Aeencv engaging in unethical and illicit activi- e . is

Committee on Intelligence ‘Senate Resolution 21 directs the Senate Select Activities to investigate a number 0! issues: "(a) Whether agencies within the intelligence community conducted illegal domestic activities (Section 2(1) and (2)) community cooper- :

“(b\ The extent to which agencies within the intelligence ate (Section 2(4) and (8)); congressional oversight of intel- “(c) The adequacy of executive branch and (Section 2(7) and (11)) ligence activities the rights of American citi- ;

"(di The adequacy of existing laws to safeguard zens (Section 2(13l )." ' The details of these programs may never tie known. The prozrams were highly eomnartmented. Few records were kept. What little documentation existed for the CIA‘s principal program was destroyed early in 1973. (385)

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66 386 ties would have serious repercussions in political and diplomatic circles and would be detrimental to the accomplishment of its missions.”‘ The researclt and development program, and particularly the co- vert testing programs, resulted in massive abridgments of the rights of American citizens, sometimes with tr.t'-gic consequences. The deaths of to o Americans “ can be attributed to these programs; other partici- pants in the testing programs may still sutlcr from the residual ef- fects. While some controlled testing of these substances might be de- fended. the nature of the tests, their scale, and the fact that they were continued for years after the danger of surreptitious administration of L51) to unwitting individuals was known, demonstrate a funda- mental disrcgard for the value of human life. The Sclcct Committees investigation of the testing and use of chem- ical and biological agents also raise serious questions about the ade- quacy of command and control procedures within the Central Intelli- gence .-\.gcncv and military intelligence, and about the relationships among the intelligence agencies, other governmental agencies, and private institutions and individuals. The CIA's normal administrative controls were waived for programs involving chemical and biological agents to protcct.their S€Cl1l'lI}'. According to the head of the Audit Branch Jl the ('I.\. these waivers produced “gross administrative failures." They prt .:1ted the ("IA's internal review mechanisms (the Oiiice of General (Y/w.;isel. the Inspector General. and the Audit Stall") from adcquatt-lv stt]>vt‘\'iSili;! the programs. In general. the waivers had the ]7fll‘:l(l0Xl(‘:ll ctlet-t of providing lcss restrictive adniinistmtive con- trols and less efi"ccti\'c internal revic§v for controversial and highly St'iisiti\(- projects than those governing normal .-\gcncv activities. The S(‘(‘\lX‘ll\‘ of the programs was protected not only by waivers of normal adtninistratix-c controls. but also by a high degree of com- partmcntntion within the CIA. This compartmentation excluded the CI.\'s Medical Stall‘ from the principal research and testing program employing chemical and biological agents. It also may have led to agency policymakers receiving differing and inconsistent responses when they posed questions to the CIA component involved. Juri.=dictional uncertainty within the CIA was matched by juris- dictional confiict among the various intclligcncc agcncies. A spirit of cooperation and reciprocal exchanges of information which initially characterized the programs disappetlrctl. I\Iilitarfv testers withheld in- formation from the (‘l.\. ignoring suggestions for coordination from tln-ir superiors. The Cl.-\ siniiliirly fuilctl to provide information to the military on the CI.-\'s testing program. This failure to cooperate was (‘0ll$I\it"UOl1Sl\' manifested in an attempt by the Anny to conceal ' (‘IA lnspvclflf Gcncral‘s Survey of TSD. 1957, p. 217. == (m ,imm;u-y s, 1953 .\lr Ilarolrl Blnner died of circulatory collapse and heart fniimr follow-in: an intrnvenotts injection of a syntltetic mescaline dcrivat|YP while a stilijcct of tests conducted by New S ork State Psychiatric In=titute under a contract It-t ti; the t‘.S. Army Chemical Corps. The Committees lnvestikatmn into drug tcstint: hr l.'.S. intellicence agencies focused on the testing of LSD. bow- ever. the committee did receive a copy of the LES. Arnzy Inspector Generals R<~P!'tTl issued on October 1975. on the events and circumstances of .\lr. Blaner's death ms dofllll was directly atributable to the administration of the synthetic mescaline derivative.

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their overseas testing program. which included surreptitious admin- istration of LSD. from the CIA. Learnino of the Army's program, the Agency surreptitiously attempted to obtain details of it. The-decision to institute one of the Army's LSDfield testing projects had been based at least in art, on the finding that no long-term resid- U8 l € ti"QC ts had ever resulicd from the drugs administration. The C-I.-Us failure to inform the Army of a death which resulted from the surreptitious administration of LSD to unwitting Americans, may well have resulted in the institution of an unnecessary and potentially lethal pro ram. '1€l8 development, testing, and use of ch- ':~iical and biological agents

by intelli ence a eiicies raises serious questions about the relationship between 5'19 ll\i(§ll"‘CI'lC€ community and foreign governrncnts, other P.’

agencies of the Federal Government. and other l!'lSI1IDllC}l'iS and in- _

dividuals. The questions raised rangefroni the legitiiiiacy 0 Ameri.can . . . . . _

complicity iii actions abroad which violate .-\mericzin and foreign_latvs to the possible com promise of the integrity of public and private insti- tutions used as cover by intelligence agencies.

A. Ti-ii: Paoonuts I.\'\"£S'I'1GATI~I.D

1. Project CHATTER

Project CHATTER was ii Navy program that began in the fall of

1. Respoiidiiig to reports of "amazing results" achieved by the

Soviets in using "truth ilrugzs.“ the progzrani focused on the identifica- tion and tasting of. such dru;r= for use in interrogations and in the 1"9CI'Uli!D€‘l;’Of agents. The researcli included laboratory experiments on animals and liunr s subjects involving Anabasis aphg/Na. scopola- mine. and rfiescaline ii. order to determine their speech-inducing quali- ties. Overseas experiments were conducted as part of the project. The project expanded substantially during the Korean War, and ended shortly after the war, in 1953.

1. Project BLUEBIRD/ARTICHOKE

Theiearliest of the CIA's major programs involving the use of chemical and biological agents. Project BLUEBIRD, was approved by the Director in 1950. Its objectives were: (ii) discovering means of conditioning personnel to prevent unautliorized extraction of information from them by known means. (b) investigating the possibility of control of an in- dividual by application of special interrogation techniques, (c) memory enhaiiccmcnt. and (d) establishing defensive means for preventing hostile control of Agency personnel.‘ As a result of interrogations condiictcil overseas during the project. another goal was added-the evaluation of ofi'eiisive uses of unconven- tional interrogation techniques. including hypiiosis and drugs. In '.\u;:ust 19.31. the project was renamed ARTICIIOKE. Project ARTI- CHOKE included in-house experiiiients on interrogation techniques, conducted “under medical and security controls which would ensure

6/‘ CIA memorandum to the Select Committee, “Behavioral Drugs and Testing,“ .. 11/75.

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68 388 that no damage was done to individuals who volunteer for the ex ri- nicnts.“ Overseas interrogations utilizing a combination of sodieum pentothal and hypnosis after physical and psychiatric examinations of the subjects were also part of AIKTICHOKE. The (lfiice of Scientific Intellige-nce (O51). which studied scientific advances by hostile powers. initiallv led BLUEBIRD/ARTICHOKE efiorts. In 1932. overall responsibility for ARTICHOKE was trans- ft-rretl fruni OS} to the Inspection and Seourit Office (I&SO), pre- '

dc:-essni' to the present Ofiice of Security. The 61.-\'s Technical Serv~ ices ninl .\h~tli~-al Sizifis were to be called upon as needed: OSI would retain liaison function with other government agencies.‘ The change in la.-nlc-i~.=liip from an intelligence unit to an operating unit appar- ently refit-etetl a clinnge in emphasis; from the study of actions by h0.=lilt- powers’ to the use. both for offensive and defensive purposes, of Spt---izil interrogation techniques--primarily hypnosis and truth S(’I'lllll.c\.

Represent atives from each Agency unit involved in ARTIFHOKE met almost Iil0Il‘li1l\‘ to discuss their progness. These discussions in- clutlt-tl the planning of overseas interrogations’ as well as further e.\peri1iietit:it ion in the 1'3. Information about project ARTICHOKE after the fall of 1953 is scarce. The C1-\ maintains that the project ended in 1956. but evi- dence sug;e.=t~ that Oiiice of Security and Oilice of Medical Services use of "special interrogation" techniques continued for several years thereafter. -

1. 1|/Ii’.\'.~1 0,111’

MK.\'.\O.\II was another major CIA prorrram in this area. In 1967, the CI.-\ suininarized the purposes of MK.\'.-XOMI: (a) To provide for a covert support base to meet clandes~ tine operational requirements. (bl To stockpile severely incapacitating and lethal ma- terials] for the specific use of TSD [Technical Services Di- vision .

(cl To maintain in operational readiness special and unique items for the dissemination of biological and chemical ma- '

teria s. , (d) To provide for the required surveillance. test-ins. up- grading. and evaluation of materials and items in order to assure absence of defects and complete predictability of re- sults to be expected under operational conditions.’ ‘Under an acreement reached with the Army in 1959.. the §r>ecial Operations Division (SOD) at Fort Dc-trick was to assist CIA in developing. testing, and maintaining biological agents and delivery

'§[pmqg;;»nr]=iim {mm limbo?! Tavlor. O/DTV? 1"» the Assistant DQDUU an‘ spectinn m;d Fecurityi and Fhie! oftne Medical Staff. 3/‘.213 /52. ' Ztiemorzindnm from H. 1!:trsha¥i Cntidwrdi. Assistant Director. Scientific Intel» llzence. to the Deptity Director/Plans tI‘iDl"\ “Protect ARTXCHDKE." 8/29/03- ' "l’r~~cres= Rt-port. Project .-\RTlt‘il(iKE." 1/1'3/F3. ° Memoranrlnm from Chief. TSD/Biological-' Branch to Chief. TSD “M‘K.\'AO\i_l 2

Ftlflditign Oliieetiveg and ,-\v(~~\mr\1i-l-\v-oy;te tn/15/67, p, 1, For a fuller de-=<'flt'> Lion or MK.\'AOMX and the relationship between CIA and SOD. see P- 35° 57' '$

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systems. By this agreement, CIA actauired the knowledge, skill, and facilities of the Army to develop bio ogical weapons suited for CIA use. SOD developed darts ooated with biological agents and pills eon- taining several dit':"rren't biological agents which could remain potent 4

for weeks or months. SOD also developed a special gun for firing darts coated with a chemical which could allow CIA agents to incapaci- tate a guard dog, enter an installation secretlv, and return the dog to consciousness when leaving. SOD scientists were unable to develop P a similar incapacitant for humans. SOD also phvsicall_v transferred to (‘IA personnel biological agents in “bt1lk" form, and delivery devices. including some containing biological agents. In addition to the CI.-\'s interest in biological weapons for use against humans. it also asked SOD to study use of biological agents against crops and animals. In its 1967 memorandum. the ETA stated: s‘ Three methods and systems for carrying out a covert attack -'-;

against crops and causing severe crop oss have been devel- oped and evaluated under field conditions. This was accom- p ished in anticipation of a requirement which was later 1 developed but was subsequently scrubbed just prior to put- E into action." ting ~ ;\Il{\'AOMI was terminated in 1970. On November :25. 1909. Presi- dent Nixon renounced the use of any form of biological weapons that u kill or incapacitate and ordered the disposal of existing stocks of bac- teriological weapons. On Februarv 1-1. 1970. the President clarified the extent of his earlier order and indicated that to.\'ins—-chemicals that 0 are not living organisms but are produced bv living organisuis—were 0 considered biological weapons subject to his previous directive and were to be destroyed. Although instructed to relinquish control of material held for the CIA bv §OD. a (‘IA scientist acquired approxi- mately 11 grams of shellfish toxin from SOD personnel at Fort De- 1

trick which were stored in a little-used CIA laboratory where it went undetected for five years.“

1. IIIKZ-'LT1?A

MKI'I,TRA was the principal (‘IA program involving the research and development of chemical and biological agents. It was “con- \ cerned with the research and development of chemical. biological.'and radiological In;llt'!‘l(ll$ capable of employment in clandestine oper- ations to control human behavior." " In January 1973, .\lKl'I.TlI.\ records were destroyed bv Technical Services Divi:-"ion Dermnncl acting nu the verbal orders of Dr. Sidney G<IYllfl>- CMPT of T-all Ill‘. Gottlieh has testified. and former Direc- tor Ilcltns has confirmed. that in ordering the I‘('(‘UI'tl.~ destroved. Dr. Gottlich was carrying out the verbal order of then DCI Helms. .\IKI'LTR.\ began with a [\t‘()|)uS;ll from the Assistant Deputy Dircctor for Plans. Richard Ilclm.<. to the I)("l. outlining a special

ma. p. 2. '0 '-

zfienate Select Committee. 9/16/7.1, Hearinzs, Yo. 1. Memorandum from the CIA Inspector General to the Director, T/26/63.

_

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70 ¢ 390 fut, ling mechanism for highly sensitive CIA research and develop- ment projects that sturlied the use of lnologtcal and chemical materials in altering human behavior. The projects involved: Research to develop a capability in the covert use of bio- and chemical materials. This ai-ca involves the produc- lO;'il':ll tion of various pli\'siolo;*ical conditions which could support present or future clandestine operations. Aside from the of- fensive potential. the development of a comprehensive capa- bility in this field of covert chemical and biological warfare ;'i\c>' Us a tltorongzli kno\\"lctl;'e of the enemy's theoretical potential. thus e.nahlin;* as to defend ourselves against a foe who might not he as restrained in the use of these tech- niques as we are." l\ll{I‘l,TR.\ was approved by the DCI on April 13. 1953 along the lines ])I'()PO.\‘t‘tl h\' .\l)l)l‘ llclms. Part of the rationale for the establishment of this special fund- in;' nu---hani.-in was its extreme sensiti\'it\'. The Inspector General'= SHI'\'('\' of .\ll{l'l.TII.\ in 196:3 noted the following reasons for this st-nsit i\'it\"r _

a. l.'T--t-art-li in the manipulation of human behavior is con- §l(lt'l't~'l mar. IIlllll()l'lll9§ in medicine and related fielrls l)\'

to In-‘pt-oft-~si-.r .l\' uncthi=~:|l. tliercfore t-he reputation of prot't-.-.<ional part it-ipants in the l\Il{l'LTR.-\pro;'ram are on or-r-ztsion in icup:tI'tl\'. ,

h. Finite .\ll{l‘l.Tll.\ activities raise questions of legality i implicit in the ori;'inal charter. .c. .\ final pliase of the testing of l\IKl'LTR.\ products plat-e< the rights and intem-ts of TS. citi-/ens in ieopardy. d. l’nlilit- tli~'<-lo.~|trt~ of swine aspects of l\ll{l'LTR.~\ activ- it.\~ could intlucc Serious ad\'cr~e reaction in '['.S. public opinion. as \\'rll as stiniulate otlcnsive anrl dt~ft't1Sl\‘€ action in this fiehl on the part of foreigm intelligence ser\"iee.=;." fin-r the ten-\'e:ir life of the pt-o;'r:un. mam’ “arltlitional avenues to the control of human la-lmrior-" were tlesigrnated as appropriate for invest i-';tt ion ttmlvt" the .\ll(l'l.Tl{.\ charter. Tliese include "radiation. cler'tt'osli<wl<. \'a|~ious tit-ltls of p.=\'cholo;'\' p.=\'cliiatr\'. s0Piolfi:"\'. and nutl\t'~t">l'~r\". srranhnlogv. harassment stilistances. “I and paramilita-rv .l_~\~it-c- antl m:ttcri:tl~"." i

The and tlen-lopment of materials to he used for altering ]'t"~‘|'2|I'l'll

human lI('lHl\'it>I‘ eousistctl of three nhasesz first. the search for ma- teri:Il.~' >'1IiY:\l»l-- for stutlv: secon<l. l:1liot':ttor_\' testing on voluntar)' hntnnn §<ttl»it'I‘Y.~' in \'arious t\'|w.= of in-titution<: third. the application of f\ll{l'l.'l'll.\ |n:iteri:|ls in normal life settings. The -=f‘=lI‘<'l| for ~uital»le ll'1flll‘l‘l!ll.~ was contlucterl throusrh standing at'r:|u‘!cIut-nts with .-nt~~i:tlists in uni\"cr.-ities. pharmaceutical houses. hospit:|l~'. state and federal institutions. and private research organi- :.\lf‘nV1r:int‘l1tm from ADD? Helms to DC! Dulles. 4/3/53. T81’! 4- PI1 1'2- “ } 5-dRw;nr1 on !\IKt‘LTRA. we-3. pp. 1-2. .p. .

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391 zations. The annual grants of funds to these specialists were made under ostensible research foundation auspices. thereby concealing the CI.\'s interest from the specialist"s institution. The next phase of the MKVLTRA program involved physicians, toxicolozists, and other specialists in mental, narcotics. and general hospitals. and in prisons. Iltilizing t-he products and findings of the l)a.~zl<': resca rch phase. they conducted intensive tests on human subjects. One of the first studies was conducted by the National Institute of Mental llealth. This studv was intended to test various drugs. includ- ing hallncino;1enics. at the XDIII Addiction Research Center in Lex- The “LP.\lll1'l()H Rehabilitation Center." as it was in;'1on. Kt-ntuek\‘. then called, was a prison for drug addicts serving sentences for drug violations. The test suhiects were volunteer prisoners who. after taking a brief ph\'sical examination and siznin;' a general consent form. were admin- istered hallucinogenic drugzs. As a reward for participation in the proggram. the addicts were provided with the drua of their addiction. L31) was one of the materials tested in the MKllLTR.~\ program. The final phase of I51) testing involved surreptitious administration to unwitting nonvolunteer suhiects in normal life settings by under- cover oflicers of the Bureau of .\'arcotics acting for the CIA. The rationale for such testing was “that testing of materials under accepted scientific procedures fails to disclose the full pattern of reac- tions and attrihutions that mar occur in operational situations.”"’ .-\t‘(‘0l'lllll‘Z' to the CIA. the advantage of the relationship with the Bureau was that test subjects could he snn;'l|t and cultivated within the setting of narcotics control. Sonic suhiects have been informers or meml-er- of stispt-<~t r|‘it||ln:|l elements from whom the [Bu- reau of X:lt‘<'t»Ilt'<l has ohtained results of ouerational value through the tests. (In flu 0/ltrr lzaml. flu efl'<*cfi1‘<'2i€ss of tltc sz1li~mnc¢".w on l.II(,l'!'/-Iltllll-\' at all social lei-(ls. lu'ali 0-mi low. nafiw .-1 nu/~/'rw/i llllll fort"/'q~. is of great siqm'fi'cnnrr and ft°8ll'I1f/ IIIIS ln /1 pr 1']-()I'II7( fl rm (I 9‘(l7‘/'(‘fl/ 1 Of l.N(lll‘e'(lll(1l8 u'Zflu'n Iltc-<'c('t1ft go/'1': [I-imphasiszulded] “ .\'.

A special ])rrn't~|l\H't-. tlesi''natetl I\ll(lll-‘.l,T.~\. was es‘alilished to <3o\ern the use of .\ll\'l'l.Tll.\ materials ahro-~-l. Such materials were used on a numher of occasions. Because l\ll(l'l.Tl{.\ records were rl~-s'ro\"crl. it is illllmssililt‘ to reconstruct the operational use of l\ll{l'l,Tll.\ materials hr the ('l.\ overseas: it has hcen determined that the use of ll|t'>t' materials ahroad began in 19.33. and possilily as early as 19.3". ll1‘u."s were used in-imarilv as an aid to interrogzations. hut 1ll{l'l.Tll.\ ’.\ll{l>l§l.'l‘.\ materials were also used for harassment. <'lisci'etliti1i;,'. or dis:il>lin;' purposes. .\ccnrtlln;' to an lnsvector General Survev of the Technical Services ]ll\‘lsinn of the (‘l.\ in 19.-‘IT--an inspt-(-{ion which did not discover the .\ll§l'l.Tll \ nroiect in\'ol\'in;_' the surreptitious adniinist ration of L.<Il to unwitting. nonrolunteer '-" nna. " lbid.. p.pp.21.11-12.

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subjects—the CIA had developed six drugs for operational use and they had been used in six ditlerent operations on a total of thirty-three subjects." By 1963 the number of operations and subjects had in- creased substantially. In the spring of 1963, during a wide-ranging Inspector General survey of the Technical Services Division. a member of the Inspector Generals staff. John Vance, learned about MKITLTRA and about the project involving the surreptitious ‘administration of LSD to un- witting. nonvoluntar_v human subjects. As a result of the discovery and the Inspector Generals subsequent report, this testing was halted and much tighter administrative controls were imposed on the pro- gram. According to the CIA, the project was decreased significantly each budget year until its complete termination in the late 19605.

1. T/it‘Testing of LSD by the Army

There were three major phases in the Ar1ny's testing of LSD. In the first. LSD was administered to more than 1.000 American soldiers who volunteered to be subjects in chemical warfare experiments. In the second hasc. Material Testing Program EA 1729, 95 volunteers re- ceived EST) in clinical experiments designed to evaluate potential intelligence uses of the drug. In the third phase, Projects THIRD ClIA.\'(‘l-I and DERBY HAT. 16 unwitting nonvoluntcer subjects were interrogated after receiving LSD as part of operational field tests. B. CIA Drttc Tzsrrxc Pnocmnrs

1. The Raiionair for tbr Testing Programs

The late 19-10s and earlv 1950s were marked bv concern over the threat osed by the activities of the Soviet I'nion. the People's Republic oF(‘hina. and other (‘ommunist bloc countries. l'nitcd States concern over the use of chemical and biological agents by these powers was acute. The belief that hostile powers had used chemical and bio- logical agents in interrogations. brainwashing. and in attacks designed to harass. disable. or kill Allied personnel created considerable pres- sure for a “defensive” rogram to investigate chemical and biological agents so that the intelligence community could understand the mech- anisms by which these substances worked and how their eflects could be-defeated." Of particular concern was the drug LSD. The (‘IA had received reports that the Soviet Union was engaged in intensive eflorts to pro- duce LSD: and that the Soviet Iinion had attempted to purchase the world's supply of the chemical. As one CIA officer who was deeply involved in work with this drug described the climate of the times: “[]t] is awfully hard in this dav and age to reproduce how frightening all of this was to us at the time. partictilarly after the drug scene has become as widespread and as knowledgeable in this country as it did. But we were literally terrified, because this was the one material that we “ lb1'd,I9.'>T,p. 201. " Thus an otfit-er in the Oflice of Security of the (‘IA stre.-~---I the "urgency of the di.~cover\' of techniques and method that would permit our per>'nnnPl. in the event of their capture I-y the enem_v. to resist or defeat enemy interrogation." (Minutes of the ARTICIIOKE conference of 10,-'23/53.)

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_: 73 393 had ever been able to locate that really had potential fantastic possi- bilities if used wrongly.” “’ But the defensive orientation soon became secondary. biological agents were to be studied in order “to Chemical and perfect techniques . . . l

for the abstraction of information from individuals not" and in order to “develop means whether willing or for the control of and mental capacities of individuals whether willing the activities or not.” ’° Ono 1

Agency ofiicial noted that drugs would be useful in order v

to “gain con- trol of bodies whether they were willing k or not" in the process of re- moving personnel from Europe in the event of a Soviet other programs, the CIA began to develop, attack." In produce, stockpile, and maintain in operational readine-is materials which harass. disable, or kill specific targets.“ could be used to Reports of research and development in the Soviet nil‘? ple's Republic of China, Union, the Peo- and the Communist Bloc countries provided '

the basis for the transmutation of American sive to an otiensive orientation. As programs from a defen- the Chief of the Medical Stafl' of the Central Intelligence Agency wrote in 1952: There is ample evidence in the reports of innumerable rogations that the (‘onmninists “ere utilizing inter- duress. electric shock. and possibly drugs, physical hypnosis against their ene- mies. \\'ith such evidence it is ditlicult not to keep from be- coming rabid about our apparent laxity. We are mounting evidence to assume a more aggressive forced by this development of these techniques. but must be role in the maintain strict inviolahle control because cautious to

of the havoc that

could be ivrou,-'lit by such techniques in unscrupulous hands." In order to meet the perceived threat to the national securitv, sub- stantial programs for the testing and use of chemical and biological agt-nts—int-luding prujn-Uts involvin,~' the surreptitious administra- tion of LS1) to univitting nonvolunteer subjects “at all social levels, high and low. native Atnt*l'it'un and i'orei;n"—\vere conceived, and implemented. These programs resulted in rights of individuals within the Llnited substantial violations of the States. " Te~.~'liI1II'Il,\‘ of CIA otfii-er. 11 '21 '7-'». p. 33. "“I\h-int.-r:|n<luiii from the Dirt-t-tor of Si-4-tirity to ti\‘P.\, Snhji-et "A R'l‘lt‘ll<IKlI lh~>tate|nent ARTICHOKE representa- " .-\lt'l‘lt‘ll' \KE niv-nmrandum. T/31> .13 of I’rograin." :

"The ln-pet-tor Hem-rul'.~" Rt-port of 1!l.'i7 on noted that "Six spei-itic ||rudm"t.~' the Technical Services Division ational use. Tlirew of tho-in are have been do-wloin-tl and are available di.~t-rediiin: and tli-"at-tins: for oper- materials which can be 8(iI1lilll.\'l\'Tt'li un\vittin;:l\' and |N'l’lllll the (\Prt'i>t- of u llit'll.~‘UH-'1)! acti<-n~ of the suhjet-t.“ control over the A nieinorniiduin for the ('liief. TSD. Branch tlw ol|jm-tivt-< of the (‘L-\'.~' Project the (‘hief. TSD. 10/1-‘~67. described two of RivIloi.'i<'al to “to stockpile severely .\iH.\'A0.\II as: lI‘|('fl|li|('lllllilll1 and TSI)" and "to maintain lethal materials for the specific use in operational readim-s~' of the dissemiuzition of biological and special and unique items for (‘llt'1llll'fll iiiuh-rats." "‘I\h-moranduin from the Chief of the “edit-a Stafl. 1/25/52. 1

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Altliotigli the (‘IA recognized these eflects of LS1) to unwitting in- Cll\'l(lUt1l: \vithin the L'nited States, the project continued.“ As the l.)eputv Director for Plans, Richard Helms, wrote the Deputy Direc- tor of Central Intelligence during discussions which led to the cessa- tion of unwitting testing: \\'hile I share your uneasiness and distaste for any pro- gram which tends to intrude upon an individuals private and legal prero;:atives, 1 believe it is necessary that the Ageiicy maintain a central role in this activity, keep current on eneniv capabilities the manipulation of human behavior, and maintain an ollciisi\"e capability?‘ There were no attempts to secure approval for the most controversial 8S}it‘(‘t.~ of these programs from the executive branch or Congress. The nature and extent of the progranis were closely held secrets; even 1)t'l .\IcConc was not briefed on all the details of the pro;frani in- volving the surreptitious administration of LSD until 1963. It was deemed imperative that these programs be concealed from the Ameri- can people. As the Cl.\'s Inspector General wrote in 1937: Precautions must be taken not only to protect operations from exposure to 9Ilt‘lll\‘ forces but also to conceal these ac- tivities fnmi the .\meriean pulilic in general. The knowledge that the A;:enev is eh;1a~'iiig in unethical and illicit activities would have serious re[»ercu.<.~"ions in political and diplomatic circles and would he detrimental to the aceomplisliment of its niissjnii.“

1. The Ilmf/t of Dr. Frank f/hon

The most tra;'ic !‘(‘~tllI of the testing of ISD hv the (‘IA was the death of llr. I-‘rank ()l;~'mi. a civilian emplovee of the Army. who died on .\'u\-etnher ''T. 19.35}. ]li~ death followed his particitiation in a CIA experiment with LS1). As part of this experiment. t)l.~hn un\\"ittinglv I‘e|'ei\'t*tl ap]>roxiniatel\' TH llllt‘I'ltQ|‘illIl.~ of L51) in a ;:la.<.= of (‘ointreau

he drank on Y\'n\"enilier IH. l!\.'»:’.. The drug: had been phi--etl in the bottle l>\' a ('l.\ oflit-er. ])r. Robert Lashlirnok. as part of an experiment llv and llr. $itlne\' Gottlieh perfnriiied at a met-tin;' of .—\rm\' and (‘l.\ s-‘ienti-"t.<. .\'lmrtlv after this experiment. Ul.~nn exliihitetl .=\'niptnnis of para- noia and scliizotilirenia. .~\(‘t‘flIll[1{\Hlt‘(ll.)\' Ur. Ltisliln-unk. Ulsnn .=ou;*ht |>.~\-'lti:\t1'iv :i.~'si.~t:tIit'(‘ in .\'e\\ York ("itv {ruin a tihvsieian. lh". Harold .\ln':i|nstm. \\’lm~e T'l'.\t‘2\I'l‘l| on LS1) had been fuhiletl ihtliI't‘t‘tl\' by the (‘l.\. \\'hile in .\'e\v York fur treatment. ()l.=un fell to his death from a tenth .~"tor_\' wimlmt‘ in the Stzttler llutel. "Even during the discussions which led tn the termination of the unwittinz te~tin:. the |Ilvl' turned rt‘-\\'n the ny-ti~-n of halting .~'nt"h tests within the I'.S.

and eontinuint: them alvrnzul d~-spite the fact that the 'l'eehni<~:il St-r\'ir'e.= Divi- DDT‘ Sim: had t‘lllHllt<‘|1'\l mimer--us up--rations nhr--ad niakin: use of 131'. The ni.-ulethi~ cl--ei~"i-in on the l»a~i< uf '~1-viirity notim: that the |uq<1 Ffl'n1'Y~ overseas had l'¢'\|lll\'*lin “|n:ikin:: an llH'!'lllH£Ht'" nnml-er of f--rt-i|:n n:iti--n:tl~ wittini: of our rule in lllv very $4-l|\ili\t' ar~ti\itv l.\lt'lt|l'l':l1ItlHHl for the 1h~put\" Director of 4'»-ntrai llll\‘lllL't‘lt('t' from the l't‘]\tH\‘ l|l\'t't‘lIII' fur l‘lan.~. 12 17431;, p. 2,) r‘ Ilnrlpp " I t;. s.ir\"ev . ‘_‘ ft

of T51‘. 1!!-'-T. p. 217.

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Background.—Olson, an expert in aerobiology who was assigned 0..

to the Special Operations l)i\"isi0n(SOD) of the _Army Biolog- ical Center at Camp Detrick, Maryland. This Division had three primary functions: (1) assessing the vulnerability of American installations to biological attack; '

_

(2) developing techniques for ofi'ensive use of biological weapons; and (3) biological research for the CIA.” Professionally, Olson was well respected by his colleagues in both the Army and the CIA. Colonel Vincent Ruwet, Olson's immediate superior at the titne of his death. was in almost daily contact with (.)l>OIl. According to Colonel Ruwet “As a professional man : his . . .

ability . was outstanding." ”‘ Colonel Ruwet stated that “during . .

the period prior to the experiment I noticed nothing whic would lead me to believe that he was of unsound mind.” ” Dr. Lash» . . .

brook, who had monthly contacts with Olson from early 1952 until the time of his death. stated publicly that before Olson received LSD, “as far as I know. he was perfectly normal." ’° This assessment is in direct contradiction to certain statements evaluating Olson's emo- tional stability made in CIA internal niemoranda written after Olson's death. b. T/ac L'.r]»trv'rm~nf.—Oi1 .\'ovember 18. 19.33. a group of ten scien- tists from the CIA and Camp Detrick attended a semi-annual review and analysis conference at a cabin located at Deep Creek Lake. Mary- land. Three of the participants were from the C-IA's Technical Serv- ices Statl. The Detrick representatives were all from the Special Operations Division. According to one CIA official, the Special Operations Division participants "agreed that an unwitting experiment would be desirable." ‘" This account directly contradicts Vincent Ruwet's recol~ lection. Ruwet recalls no such t'llFt‘U.=FiOlI. and has asserted that he would remember any such discussion because the SOD participants would have strenuously objected to testin on unwitting subjects.” In May. 1953. Richard Helms. As.~"istant f)l)l’. held a staff meeting which the Chief of Technical Services Stafi attended. At this meeting llelms “indicated that the drug [LSD] was dynamite and that he should be advised at all times when it was intended to use it."" In addition. the then DUI’. Frank \\'isner. sent a memorandum to TSS stating the requirement that the Dlll’ personally approve the use of LSD. Gottlieb went ahead with the experiment," securing the ap- " Staff summary of Vincent Ruwet Interview, R /13./75.11. 3. :.\lemorandum of Col. Vincent Ruwet To Whom It flay Concern. no date. p. -. . " Ruwet .\Iernorandum. p. 3. “Joseph B. Tn-aster. .\‘ru' York Times, 7/19,/75 p 1, “ Memorandnni for the Record from Lyman Kirkpatrick. 12/1/53. p. 1. ' lluwet (staff .~'ummar\') R/]3"7.'i, p. 6, ' IYL\1Ii'(‘IOI‘ General Diary. 12/2/.'-3. "Ihid. III’. Gottleih has testified that he does not remember either the meeting with Helms nor the Wisner memorandum. (Gottlieb 10/l.\_-"i'5. p. 16.)

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proval of his immediate supervisor. Neither the Chief of TSS nor the DDT’ s eciticallv authorized the experiment in which Dr. Olson pattit-ipatedi.“ According to Gottlieb." a “very small dose" of LS1) was placed in a bottle of Coiutreau which was served after dinner on Tliursdav, November 19. The drug was placed in the liqueur by Robert Lash- brook. All but two of the SUI) participants received LS1). One did not drink: the other had a heart condition.” About t\ventv minutes after thev finished their Cointreau. Gottlieb informed the other par- ticipants that they had received lfl). Dr. Gottlieb stated that "up to the time of the ex eriment,“ he observed nothing unusual in Olson's l>el1avior.°" Once tlic experiment was tmtler\\':1\', Gottlieb recalled that “the drug had a definite eflect on the group to the point that they were boisterous and laughing and they could not continue the meeting or engage in sensible conversation.” The meeting continued until about 1:00 a.m., when the participants retired for the evening. Gottlieb recalled that Olson, among others, complained of “wakefulness" during the night." According to Gottlieb on Friday morning “aside from some evidence of fatigue, I observed nothing unusual in [Olson's] actions, conversation. or general be- havior."” Ruwet recalls that Olson “appeared to be agitated" at breakfast. but that he "did not consider this to be abnormal under the circumst ant-es." ‘° e. T/t< Trrnfnonf.-—The following Monday. .\'ovember 23. Olson was waiting for Ruwet when he came in to work at T :30 a.m. For the next two da\"s Olson's friends and familv attempted to reassure him’ and help him “snap out" of what appeared to he a serious depression. On Tuesday, Olson again came to Ruwet and. after an hour long con- " Dr. Gottlieh testitied that "given the information we knew tip to this time. and has-ed on a lot of our own self-administration. we thoncht it was a fairly benign substance in terms of potential harm.“ This is in conflict not only with Mr. Helms‘ statement but also with material which had been supplied lu the Technical Ser\'i<'e.~' Stiiff. In one long meniorantlutn on current rt‘.s+-arvlt with LSD which was supplied to TSP. llenrv Beecher descril-ed the dangers involved with such research in a prophetic manner. “The second reason to dnuht Professor Rothland came tvhen I raised the question as to an) accidents which had arisen from the use of LS!»-27» He said in a very positive \vav. ‘none.‘ As it turned out this answer could he called overly positive. for later on in the evenint! 1 was discussint: the matter with Iir. \\'. A. Stohl. Jr.. n psvcliiatrist in Bleulerais (‘linie in Zurich where I had zone at Rothland's insistence. Stohl. when asked the same question. replied. 'yes.' and added spontaneously. ‘there is a case Professor R-ithland knows ahout. In Geneva a woman pliysician who had been sulijevt to depression to some extent took LSD-2-'1 in an experiment and became severelv and snddt-nlv dt‘~prPss'Pd and committed suicide three weeks later. While the connection is not definite. common knowledize of this mold hm-d\r have all-.\\-H] H". pu.\lll\'(-’ statement Rothland permitted himself. This case is a warning to us to avoid engaginz suhjects who are depressed. or who have been stihject to depress-ion."‘ Dr Gottlieh testified that he had no recollection of either the report or that particular section of it. (Sidney Gottliel» testimonv. l(I,/l9,'75. p. 75.) " Memorandum of Shetfield Edwards for the record. 1],"2t~'/53. p. 2. ” l»il$lll>rmIk tstaff snmmarv 1. 7/19, T-'-. p. 3. "' Gnttlieh Meruorandum. 12/7 /53. p " ' " Edwanls tnetnorantlutn. 11/'.‘-\ e= ' Gottlieh metnorandutn. 12"?/I 9".=; '.=§= .¢=.

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397 versation. it was decided that medical assistance for Dr. Olson was desirable.“ Ruwet then called Lashbrook and informed him that “Dr. Olson was in serious trouble and needed immediate professional attention." “ Lashbrook agreed to make appropriate arrangements and told Ruwet to bring Olson to Washington. D.C. Ruwet and Olson proceeded to 1 \Vashington to meet with Lashbrook, and the three left for New York u at about 2:30 p.m. to meet with Dr. Hamid Abramson. At that time Dr. Abramson was an allergist and immunologist practicing medicine in New York City. He held no degree in psychia- I

try. but was as~ot-iated with research projects supported indirectly by the CIA. Gottlicb and Dr. Lashbrook both followed his work closely in the eat-l\" 197,05.“ Since Olson needed medical help. they turned to Dr. Abramson as the doctor closest to \\'ashingt0n who was experi- 4* enced with LSD and cleared by the CIA. Ruwet. Lashhrook. and Olson remained in New York for two days of consultations with Ahranison. On Thursday. November 26, 1953, the three fiew back to \\'ashington so that Olson could spend Tliaiiksgiving with his famil\". En route from the airport Olson told Ruwet that he was afraid to face his family. After a length_\' discussion. it was de- cided that Olson and Lashhrook would return to New York. and that Rnwet would go to l~'rederick to explain these events to Mrs. Olson.“ Laslihrook and Olson fit-w hack to .\'ew York the same day, again for consultatiolrs" with .\hi-amson. They spent Thursdav night in a Long Island hotel and the next morning returned to the city with u

\ .-\hram.~on. In further discussions with .\brani>on. it was agreed n that Olson should be placed under regular psychiatric care at an institution closer to his home.“ (I. TIN lmz//'t.—Because they could not obtain air transportation for a return trip on Friday night. Lashhrook and Olson made reservations 1 for 2~'aturda_\" morning and checked into the Statler Hotel. Between the time they checked in and 10:00 p.m.; they watched television. visited the cocktail lounge. where each had two martinis, and dinner. According to Lashhrook. Olson “was cheerful and ap cared to enjov the entertainment." He “appeared no longer p;irtictilhr}' depressed, and almost the llr. Olson I knew prior to the e.\'periment." “ After dinner Lashbronk and Olson watched television for about an hour. and at 11 :00. Ol.~on suggested that they go to bed. saying that “he felt more relaxed and contented than he had since [they] came to New York." ‘T Olson then left a call with the hotel operator to wake them in the morning. At approxiniately 2:30 a.m. Saturday. Novem- ber :35. Lashhrook was awakened by a loud "crash of glass." In his report on the incident. he stated only that Olson “had crashed through the closed window blind and the closed window and he fell to his death from the window of our room on the ltlth fluor."" " lfllid-. " Lashhrook memorandum, 12/753. " Stat! p. 1. summary of Dr. Ha rohl .\t>rau1son interview, 7/29/75. p. 2. “ Lashhrook memorandum, 12/T '53. p. 3. \ " Abr irnson memorandum, 12/4 /53. " I»J\.\lllJfO1lli " ]bid.. p. 4. memorandum. 12/7/53. p. 3. " lbid.

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ass Immediately after finding that Olson had leapt to his death. Lash- — brook telephoned (iottlieh at his home and informed him of the in- cident.“ Gottlieb called Ruwet and informed him of Olson's death ‘ at approximately 2:45 a.m.’° Lashbrook then called the hotel desk and reported the incident to the operator there. Lashbrook called . Abranison and informed him of the occurrence. Abramson told Lash- ‘ brook he “wanted to be kept out of the thing completely." but later changed his mind and agreed to assist Lashhrook.“ Shortly thereafter. uniformed police officers and some hotel em- ,

loyees came to Lashl>rook's room. Laslihrook told the police he didn't linow why Olson had committed suicide, but he did know that Olson “suffered from ulcers." “ '

e. T124" .-1fre.-~maIh.—-Following Dr. Olson‘s death. the (‘IA made 4*;--~ r a substantial etfort to ensure that his family received death benefits, but did not notify t-he Olsons of the circumstances surrounding his demise. The .\genc_v also made considerable etlorts to prevent the ‘

death being: connected with the CIA. and supplied complete cover for Lashhrook so that his association with the CIA would remain a secret. After Dr. Olson's death the (‘IA conducted an internal investiga- tion of the incident. is part of his responsibilities in this investiga- tion. the General (‘ounsel wrote the Inspector General. stating: I'm not happy with what seems to be a very casual attitude on the part of 'l‘.\‘>' t'e|it'r:=ent:1ti\'es to the way this experi- . ‘

-, ment was coniltn-ted and the remarks that this is just one of ~ the risks ritnning with scientific experimentation. I do not ‘ eliminate the need for taking: risks. hut I do believe, espe- cially when human health or life is at stake. that at least the prudent. reasonable nieasures which can he taken to mini- . mize the risk must he taken and failure to do so was culpable negligeiice. The actions of the various indii-iduals concerned after effects of the experiment on llr. Olson became manifest also revealecl the failure to observe normal and reasonable precautions.“ As X1 result of the investigation I)('I Allen Dulles sent n personal letter to the (‘hief of Technical (lm-rations of the Technical Services Statf who had approved the experiment criticizing him for “poor ~ {tt<li_mieiit in authorizing the use of this drug on such an unwitting . . .

asis and without hroximate medical safeguards." 5‘ Dulles also sent sa letter to Dr. Gottlielt. Chief of the (‘heniical Division of the Tech- ‘

nical Services §t:tfl'. criticizing him for recommending the "unwitting application of the drug" in that the proposal “did not give snfiicient emphasis for medical collnhm-iition and for the proper consideration of the rights of the individual tn whom it was being administered." “ "Cl.-\ Field Otfice Report. 12 '3,-'53. p. 3. '° Ruwet .\lemoranduni. p. 11. T CIA Field fitfire Report. 12/3/53. p. 3. t

3 -' [Mr], \ \ ‘ " .\lenior:\nduni from the General (‘onnsel to the Inspector General. 1/4 /54. “ .\l(‘ll)I|t’llllIll1Hl from IN"! to (‘hie-Y. 'l"eclmir;il Opemti-ms. T38. 2/12/54. “ .\lemoranelurn from Ht‘! to Sidney Gottliel», 2'11‘ '34.

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The letters were hand carried to the individuals to be read and returned. Although the letters were critical. a note from the Deputy Director of Central Intelligence to Mr. Helms instructed him to in- form the individuals that "These are not reprimands and no person- :

nel file not at ion are being made.” 5‘

Thus, although the Rockefeller Commission has characterized them as such. these notes were explicitly not reprimands. Nor did participa- tion in the events which led to l)r. ()lson's death have any apparent efil--‘t on the advancement within the ('l.\ of the individuals involved.

.3, The Su;~repfz'f1'0us Ad1m'm'.-frnf/on of LS1) to U1: u'iffing .’\'0n- Volunfcrr Human Subjm-ls by flu CIA After the Death of Dr. Olson The death of Dr. (llson could he viewed. as some argued at the time. as a tragic accident. one of the risks inherent in the testing of new sub- stances. It might he argued that LS1) was thought to be benign. After the death of Dr. Olson the dangers of the surreptitious admin- istration of LSD were clear. yet the (“IA continued or initiated 5’ t1

project involving the surreptitious administration of LSD to non- volunteer human subjects. This pro;'ram exposed numerous individuals in the l'nited States to the risk of death or serious injury without their informed consent. without medical supervision. and without necessary follow-up to determine any long-term etlet-ts. Prior to the Olson experiment. the Director of (‘entral Intelligence had approved .\ll{l'LTli.\. a research program designed to develop a "capability in the covert use of biological and chemical agent niatcrials." In the proposal describing .\Ilil'LTR.-\ Mr. Helms. then .-\l)l )1’. wrote the Director that :

we intend to investigate the development of a chemical mate- rial which causes a re\'er.~il=le non-toxic ahcrrant mental state. the >'Ilt'('ll'lt' nature of which can he reasonalily well predicted *

for each individual. This material could potentially aid in di.~c|-editing individuals. eliciting information. and implant- ing suggestions and other fOl'lll> of mental control." On Februarv 19. 1954. the Director of the Central Intelligeiice A<'t-ncv wrote ~'I‘F-S oliicials criticizin;' them for “poor jud;"ment" in atlininistcring LS1) on “an unwittin;' l-asis and without proximate medi--al safe''uard.~" to l)r. tllson and for the lack of “proper consid- eration of the rights of the individual to whom it was being admin- istered." 5° On the same day. the Inspector General reviewed a report on $ul»project Numlier 3 of .\ll§l‘l/lil-l.\, in which the same TSS otlict-rs who had just received letters from the Director were quoted as stating that one of the purposes of Suhproject I\'umber 3 was to " .\'ote from l>D(‘l to Richard Helms. 2/13/'54. " The 1903 It; Report, which described the project involving the surreptitious administration of LSD. placed the project beginning in 1933. Other CIA docu- ments reveal that it was in existence as early as February 19;’-4. The CIA has told the Committee that the project l-cg ll] in 1953 and that the experiment which led to Dr. Olson's death was part of the |)l'ujv(‘l. ” .\Ic-moraudum "' from ADD!‘ in-ms to IN‘! Ilulles. -4/3/53. tat» A. p. 2. .\temornmlum from IN‘! to .\'ivinr-_\' Gottlieh. '.’/1'.’ ’5-I; and memorandum from D(‘l to Chief of Uperat1ons.TSS,2/12,434.

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- so 400 being questioned after “observe the behavior of unwitting persons that Subproject .”‘° There no evidence having been given a dru is oflicers were unequivo- Number 3 was terminated even though these surreptitious administration of LSD cally aware of the dangers of the and providing medical and the necessity of obtaining informed consent methods which showed safeguards. Subproject Number 3. in fact, used and even less concern than did the OLSON evidence indicates the project experiment for the safety security of the participants. Yet the continued until 1963.“ the test might make In the project. the individual conducting selected at random in a bar. prospective subject initial contact with a where the test drug “saft-house" He would then invite the person through to a drink or in food. CIA per- was administered to the subject conducting the test, or observe sonnel might debrief the individual recorder in an adjoining the test by using a one-way mirror and tape room. from any of the subjects. Prior consent was obviously not obtained prescreening. In addition; the There was also, obviously, no medical scientific tests were conducted by individuals who were not qualified personnel on hand eit-her to admin- observers. There were no medical follow-up was con- efi'ects, and no ister the drugs or to observe their ducted on the test subjects. As the Inspector General noted in 1963: A significant limitation on the efi'ectiveness of such testingre- is scientific observation of the infeasibility of perforining not qualified suits. The [indivitluals oonducting the test] are scientific observers. Their subjects are seldom accessible be- yond the first hours of the test. The testing may be useful in surface perfecting delivery techniques, and in identifying characteristics of onset, reaction, attribution, and side-efiect.“

This was particularly trouble.-=oine as in a become ill for number of instances. . . the test subjectinhas .

at least one case. hours or days, including hospitalization guarded inquiry and the agent could only follow up life. by Possible sickness after the test subject's return to iioniial contingent eflects and attendant economic loss are inherent of the testing." been taken for the safety Paradoxically. greater care seems to have against whom LS1) was used abroad. In several of foreign iiationiils performed prior to the use of LSD.“ cases medical examinations were Inspector General from Chief, Inspection and Review, on '°.\lein--randum to #3 Stlliprrvjt-ct of .\1Kl'LTR.\. ‘Z/I(\/3-I. " lt; Report on .\lKl.'L'I‘R.\, 1'.l'6. ” tum. with in 19fL'3, physicians associated p. i2. " lliid. According to the IG‘s survey an emergency. Ml-{l'l.TRA could he niade available itiwhit-li responsible for the operational °‘ The Technical Services Divisionthat “no was physit-at examination of the subject use of Lil) abroad took the position TSS trained personnel. A physi- of [LSD] by is required prior to administration

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Moreover, the administration abroad was marked‘being by constant obser- used against vation made ossible because the material was organizations. Finally, prisoners of greign intelligence or security during certain of the LSD interro ations abroad, local physicians with LSD were on call, though these pl'l)'SiCI8.flS€lZ1d had no experience administered." and would not be told that hallucinogens had been administration of The CIA's project involving the surreptitious States was finally United LSD to unwitting human of its discovery during the course subjects in the as a result of an halted in 1963, \\'hen of the Technical Services Division. Inspector General survey the Inspector General learned of t-he project, he spoke to t-he Deputy Director for Plans, who agreed that the Director should be briefed. The DDP made it clear that the DCI and his Deputy were generally he was not familiar with .\IKl'I.TR.\. He however, indicated. that sure it was necessary to brief the DDCI at that oint. General that he had On May :24. 1963. the I)I ll’ advised the Inspector program and in particular Director on the Ml{l'LTR.-\ briefed the administration had covered the question of the surreptitious Inspector General, the of LSD to unwitting human subjects. According to the DDP said that "the I)it-ector indicated no disagreement “ and therefore the ‘testing' will continue.” MI{L'LTR.\. was One copy of an “Eyes Only" draft report on the termination prepared )\' the Inspector General who recommended of the surreptitious administration project. The project was suspended follo\vin;1tlie Inspector Generals report. On December 17, 1963. Deputy Director General for Plans Helms wrote a memo to the DDCI. who with the Inspector and the Executive Director-Comptroller had opposed the covert testing. He notedServ- two "fur over a decade the Clandestine aspects of the problem: (1) for influencing ices has had the mission of maintaining a capalvility arrangements in furtherance of human hehavior:" and (2) "testing this mission should he as operationally realistic and yet as controllable individuals must be "unwitting" as po.=sihlc." Ilelms ar;ru<--l that the method of maintaining the capability, as this was "the only tealistic influence considering the intended operational use of materials tounwitting. human behavior as the operational targets will certainly be Should the suhjects of the testing not he unwittin;:,the program would forma" a “false sense of accomplishment and only he "pro resulting in readiness." °’ Ilclnis continued :

in the use of this material cian need not he present. There is no danger medicallyMedical Services had taken as handled by T.\'.\‘ trained pcrsorim-l." The Uflice of “nth the Oflice of Secu1'if$' the ||n.\‘liifill that L511 was “medically danl-!*"'"“"'“ "should not he administered and the fiflice of Mt-dical Services argued that LSD should be administered only unless preceded h_v u nu-tin-;|l 1-xnminntioll and . .

|»li_\'~"i<-iaii who had studied it and .

its efl'et'l." (.\Ieniu- I-v or in the pr--st-m-1-of a to Chief 0t’ Oper- randum fr-an .lann=-.~ Alllllvlull, (‘hit-f. Counterintelligcnce Stat? ations. l‘.'.'l‘.‘ ’;'>T. pp. 1-2. “ l'l|\'.~'it'inns mizht be called with the hope that they would make a diagnosis discrt-diting the individual who of IIiPnl:tl hrt-ukdu\\'n which would he useful in was the .~"\1l»jo-ct of the (“Lt liitt-rest. for the Rt-curd prepared by the Inspector General. 5/15/63, p. 1. :.\IPllllIl':‘llltl\\l1l ‘lIn'd.. p. 2.

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If one grants the validity of the mission of maintaining this unusual (‘t||):\l>llli\' and the necessity for unwitting testing. there is only then the question of how best to do it. Obviouslv, the testing should be conducted in such a manner as to permit the opportunity to observe the results of the administration on the target. It also goes without saying that whatever test- ing arrangement we adopt must afford maximum safeguards for the protection of the Agent-_v's role in this activity, as well as minimizing the possibility of physical or emotional damage to the individual tested.“ In another memo to t-he Director of Central Intelligence. in June.

1. ll--Inis again !‘tll.~€'tl the issue of unwitting testing. At that time

General Carter. then acting D(‘I. approved several changes in the .\ll{1'l.'l'It.\ program proposed bv Mr. Helms as a result of negotia- tions between the Inspector General and the DDP. In a handwritten note. however. Director Carter added that “unwitting testing will be subject to a separate deci~ion.“ 6‘ '

No specific decision was made then or soon after. The testing had been halted and, according to \\'alter Elder, Executive Assistant to DCI l\lc("one. the DCI was not inclined to take the positive step of authorizing a resumption of the testing. At least through the summer. the DDP did not press the issue. On November 9, 1964. the DDP raised the issue again in a memo to the DCI, calling the Direct0r’s attention to what he described as “several other indications during the past year of an apparent Soviet aggressiveness in the field of covertly administered chemicals which are, to say the least. inexplic- able and dist urhing." "° Helms noted that because of the suspension of covert testing. the agency's “positive operational capability to use drugs is diminishing, owing to a lack of realistic testing. \\'ith increasing knowledge of the state of the art. we are less capable of staying up with Soviet advances in this tield. This in turn results in a waning capability on our part to restrain othcrs in the intelligence conunuuitv (such as the Depart- ment of l)cft‘nsc) from pursuing operations in this at-ea."" the high Helms attributed the cessation of the unwitting testing toproblem.” risk of embarrassment to the Agency as well as the “moral He noted that no better covert situation had been devised thanmoral that which had been used, and that “we have no answer to the -- issue. Hi-hns asked for either resumpt ion of the testing project or its defini- tive cancellation. lle argued that the status quo of a research and de- velopment prograin without a realistic testing program was causing the -\gencv to live “with the illusion of a capability which is becoming minimal and furthermore is expensive." " ()nce again no formal action was taken in response to the Helms’ request. ' .\lPl'lt(IX'8l'l(lt1Dl from DDP Helms to DDCI Carter. 12/17/63. " Uemorundinn from DDP Helms to DCl, ti/9, (H, p. 3. ’° lbiiI.. 11/fl/6-I. |1.1. '1 lbid.. pp, 1-2, 7’ Il:i(I., p. 2. " lbid.

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83 403 From its beginning in the early 1950's until its termination in 1963, the program of surreptitious administration of LS1) to unwitting non- volunteer human subjects demonstrates a failure of the CIA’s leader- ship to pay adequate attention to the rights of individuals and to pro- vide effective guidance to CIA employees. Though it was known that the testing was dangerous. the lives of subjects were placed in jeop- ardy and their rights were ignored during the ten years of testing which followed Dr. Olson's death. Although it was clear that the laws of the Ilnited States were being violated. the testing continued. \Vhile the individuals involved in the Olson experiment were admonished by the Director. at the same time tht-_v were also told that they were not being reprimanded and that their “bad judgment" would not be made part of their personnel records. When the covert testing project was terminated in 19615. none of the individuals involved were subject to any disciplinary action.

1. .llom'f0r2'ng aml (‘antral of the Tcsting and ('30 of Chemical and

Biological Agent-t by the CI.-1 The Felect (‘ommittee found numerous failures in the monitoring and control of the testing and use of chemical and biological agents within the (‘I-\." An analvsis of the failures can be divided into four sections: (a) the waiver of normal regulations or requirements; (b) the problems in authorization procedures: (cl the failure of internal review mechanisms such as the Ofiit-e of General Fotiiisel. the Inspector General. and the Audit Statl‘: and (d) the efl'ectof compartmentation and competition within the (IIA. a. The 'll'n1'<'cr of .~1rlrm'nis/rnfirr ("anfml~.-——Tlie internal controls within any :tgcncv rest on: (1) clear and coherent regulations; (2) clear lines of authorit\': and (3) clear rewards for those who conduct tliPm>'4'l\'eS in accord with agt-iit-v regulations and understandable and immediate sanctions against those who do not. In the case of the test- ing and use of chemical and biological agciits. normal CIA adminis- trative controls were waived. The destruction of the documents on the largest (‘IA program in this area constituted a prominent example of the waiver of normal .\gcnc\' procedures by the Director. These documents were dt-stt-o_vt-tl in early IQT3 at the order of then I)('l Richard llchns. According to Ilelins. Dr. Sidney Gottlie-b. t-hen Dirt-ctor of TSI): . came to me and said that he was retiring and that I was . .

retiring and he thought it would he a good idea if these files were destroyed. And I also helieve part of the reason for our thinking this was advisahle was there had been relation- ships with outsiders in government agencies and other orga- nizations and that these would he sensitive in this kind of a thing but that since the program was o\'er and finished and done with, we thought we would just get rid of the files as " Section 2(9) of S. Res. 21 instructs the (‘ommittee to examine: the “extent to which Fnitcd States intellitzence agencies are governed by Executive Orders, rules, or regulations either puhlistied or secret."

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84 404 well, so that anybody who assisted us in the past would not be pubject to follow-up or questions, embarrassment, ." if you wil ~

The destruction was based on a waiver of an internal CIA regula- tion. CSI 70-10, which regulated the “retirement As Thomas Karamessines, then Deputy Directorofofinactive records.” Plans, wrote in regulation (‘SI—70—lO: “Retirement is not a matter of of storage but of conscious judgment in the application convenience or of the rules modified by knowledge of individual component needs. The this judgment is to ensure that the complete heart of story can be reconstructed in later vears and by people who mav be unfamiliar with the events.” " The destruction of the MKULTRA documents made it impossible for the Select Committee to determine the full range and extent of the largest (“IA research program involving chemical and biological agents. The destruction also prevented the CIA from locating and pro- viding medical assistance to the individuals who were subjects in the program. Finally, it prevented the Committee from determining full extent of the operations which made use the of materials developed in the MKULTRA program.” From the inception of .\IKl.'LTRA normal Agency procedures were waived. In 1953, Mr. Helms, then Assistant Deputy Director for Plans, proposed the establisliinent of .\Il{l'LTRA. I'nder the proposal six percent of the research and development budget of TSD would be 8X})t3ll(lP(l “without the establishment of formal contractual relations” becaiise contracts would reveal government interest. that quzililied iiulividuals in the field “are most Helms also voted reluctant to enter into signed agreeiiiciits of any sort which connect them with this activity since such a connection would jeopardize their professional reputa- "’ Richard Helms testiuiony. 9/ll/75. p. 5. Many Azeiicy docunients recording confidential relationships with individuals and ori::iniz:ition.< are retained without piihlic disclosure. .\lorco\'er. .\lKl'LTR.\ the (‘IA had spent millioiis or dollars in the case Of deveh-pint: both materials and delivery .\l'.\lt'I]l.~‘ wliicli cuiiltl he used by the (‘landestiue tion of the l’t".\'t'ill"(‘ll and developuieiit ]lf'H§Zl‘{‘lll| Services; the reconstruc~ sible, without the docunients, and at least one would he dificult it‘ not impos- assistant to Dr. Gottlieb protested against the document destruction on llilusv grounds. " ClflI|tl"$lll'N' Services Institution (CS!) 70-10. When asked by the Select ('oiiiiiii!t\-e at-out the I't"lTlllill'll\‘ of the ]\l”Ot‘!'(llll'(‘ l-\- which he authorized Dr. GI-tlliv-h to dc-~'troA\" the .\ll{l'l.Tl{.\ l'l'('lITll~. He-l|ii< rcsp--iith-d: "Well. that's lizirtl to ,<;;\» whether it would he part of , the regular procedure or not. lN'(';lll~'r the record ilestruction prograni is coiiducted accordiiig to a certain pattern. T'here‘s :i rt-;:nl:ir revurcl destructioii patterii in the .\m-iicv (‘1'l'I-'llll ]n~0|ll\' and done monitored by ii certain way. So that nnytliinc oiitside of that. I suppose. would have l\l'4'll unu~"u:il. In other \\-ords, there were docuineiits being destroyed lIl‘(‘Klll\'t .-mm-lmd_\~ llfltl raised this specific issiie rather tlinn lK(‘{lll\'t' they were encoui|»:i~.<e<l in the regular records ilestriiction proizrain. So 1 think the answer tn your |‘|l|('<Ii0ll is proluil-lr yes.“ (llt'llll.\' l0.\'llll|1tll\‘ ” En-ii prior 1., (hp dp>[|-||(\[j(\n 9/ll/T5, p. 6.) of (]<N‘tlll'lI'hl.\', the .\lKl'LTBA records were far from I'IIll;[lll'|t'. As the lii~"|-vi-tor Gr-in-ral lifllt-ll in Ill‘-.'<l: "Files ,1“. ||mah|\~ incomplete. |umrl\' t>I‘IZ2\lll7.P(l. and lacking in evaluative state- ments that mizlit cire pt-r~Pt~t‘ti\'0 to iii:iii:i;'eiiieiit policies over tiiiie. .-\ slihstan- llill portion of the .\ll\'l'l.'l‘R.\ re:-orrl :ip1w:ir~' to rest iii the nieniories of the prin- ('i]ml ntliw-rs and is tlicra'fort' almost certain to he lost with their departures." HI‘. R\']Htl't on .\lKl'I.'l"l{.\. p. 23.)

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¢

85 ‘

405 tions"." Other Agency procedures. i.e._ the forwarding of documents in support of invoices and the provision for regular audit rocedures. were also to be waived. On April 13, 1953, then DCI Allen Dulles approved .\IKL'LTRA. noting that security considerations precluded handling the project through usual contractual agreements. Te-n years later investigations of Ml{I'LTRA by both the Inspector General and the Audit Stafl" noted substantial deficiencies which re- sulted from the waivers. Because TF1) had not reserved the ri ht to audit the books of contractors in l\ll\'l‘l.TRA. the CIA hatfbecn unable to verify the use of Agent-v grants by a contractor. Another firm had failed to establish controls and safeguards which would as- sure “proper accountability" in use of government funds with the result that “funds have been used for purposes not contemplated by grants or allowable under usual contract relationship." " The entire .\IKl'l/TRA arrangement was condemned for having administrative lines which were unclear. overly permissive controls, and irrespon- sible supervision. The head of the Audit Branch noted that inspections and audits: led us to see .\ll\'l'LTll.\ as frequently having provided a device to escape normal adniinistrative controls for research that is not espet‘iall\' sensitive. as having allowed practices that produce gross administrative failures. as having per- mitted the establislunent of special relationships with unreli- able or-;'aiiizatioiis on an unacceptable basis. and as having produced. on at least one occasion. a cavalier treatment of a bona fide contractin;' organization. \\'hile admitting that there may be a need for special mechanisms for handling sensitive projects. the Chief of the Audit Branch wrote that "both the terms of reference and the ground rules for handling such special projects should be spelled out in advance so that diver~ sion front normal clianncls does not mean abandonment of controls. $pecial proecdnrt-s nt:t\' be necessary to ensure the securitv of highly sensitive operations. To prevent the erosion of normal internal con- trol mechanisms. such waivers should not be extended to less sensitive operations. Moreover. onlv those l‘t‘gttl:\tlOllS which would endanger securitv should be waived: to waive regulations generally would result in highlv sensitive and controversial projects having looser rather than stricter administrative controls. MK.\'.-XOMI, the Fort Dctriek (‘l.\ project for research and development of chemical and biological agents. provides another example where efforts to protect the securitv of agency activties overwheltned administrative controls. \'o written records of the transfer of agents such as anthrax or shell- fish toxin were kept. “because of the sensitivitv of the area and the desire to keep any possible use of materials like this recordless." “ The

"')lemorandum from ADD? Helms to DP] Dulles, 4/3_’:'v3. Tab. A. p. 2. ".\te|um-andum from IG to Chief, TSD. 11/F/68. as quoted in memorandum from Phicf. Audit ‘Branch. "The memorandum suggested that administrative exclusions. because of the Importance of such tlecisione should require the personal approval of the Deputy Director of Peutral Intelligence on an individual case basis. Present CIA policy is that only the DP! can authorize certain exemptions from regulations. " Sitlltey Gtutlteli testimony. 10/lt~‘/75. Hearings, Vol. 1, p. 51.

Page 88

i

';1’:vg:;.—. . '-*€I;'-2%"-.¥‘->' Y 7?-"‘?t“ 86 ' ==: ~"l-;‘.'3l..‘.~-iii 406 ' 5 ‘I,

I'('.\u|l \v:t.< that thv .\;'t-m-y hull nu \\':|\' of th-tt-1'minin;' ri:tl> \\t-n- UH what matc- h:tm1.;m<t t-nuhl nnt Lw (1-xtuita “ht-tht-|' t1(']t\'N'\'S\‘>'T('I|lS such :t:~ thtrt ;'nn.<. or th-;nlI\" st|h.<t:uu~t-> sut-h :t~ t-nhm i:<!=nt'd tnthv lit-ltl. va-nmn haul lm-11 ll. .11/I/141/'/:1!//uI1..—Th<* th-.~"trut'tim| of - .\l]\'l'I.'|']{.\ |n:uh- it tlilh-‘ult the (h)t‘lllll('H7.< regarding tn dt'tt-rmim- at what It-u-1>1>t-<'it}:-|>1"nj- t-vts in tht- pt"o;'t";1tn \\ 1-ru nuthnrizvd. This prnhh-m is nut .<nh~!\' rt-- snlt of thv (lm~|1t|1t't|I ch-.<Il‘ll¢'lh>11. l|n\u-wt‘. :1

Eu-11 at tht- ht-i;'ht nf .\IK|']fl']{.\ tlw Hi nntt-ti thut. at It-:|.~"t with rt--[wt-t to tht- >urx"t-pti- tintt.~ ;ttlmint~tr;tti<m of L51). Ihv "pt't-~"vnl |n';n~ti<~u i.~ tn maintain no n-t-n|~tl> nf lhr pl:m1|i1t;';1ml ztpprnvztl nf tt-.~'t pt'n;_'t':un=".“ “"'

\\'hih- it i.~ <-h-ur that .\l|0t1Dulh-snttthnrizt-tl.\Il§l'1.'l'l{.\.tht~roc- nrtl i> Uh-‘h‘:ll' as tn \\’hu :|Hthm‘t7.t-cl 4.,¢.. 2 .~|>witiv }H'ni('|‘l.< .~|1~"h as that in- \‘n]\iu,-' thl» .~"urt't-ptitinns ;ulxni||i>tr:ttinn of L51) tn tm\\'ittin;' non- vnhmtt-t-1' hun|;m .~'uhjt-<-ts. I-In-1t,~_'i\'t>|t “““”"' "f '1'“ l""’,i""l. tht-rv i.~ nu with-t1t'v tht~.~1m.~iti\"\- and ('nntru\'t-rsia] 1':-plzt-'41! .\Ht-n l)ulh~~' :1» tho ])irt-t'tur of thut \\"ht-1| John .\Iv(‘utt0 thv (‘L-ttttut] ltxtt-Hi;'t-ncu .\;'\-n-‘\' hr \\:t~ I-|"ivt't-tl nu thv dt't:tt].~'<rf1hi~' prnjt-t-t :1ml:1.=kt-4| \\'ht-thcr it :~hr>ul-I tn-1-ntttirlltt-:1."]"I\'mtd::t'i1|gtht- 1912:) di>ctt~.~"inn.< on tho pro- ]»I'h*l\‘ nf tttx\\ itting tt-.~t in;_'. thv 111 >1’ t1l1t'.~‘Ih1llt'tl \\*}u~tltt't- it \v:t.~' “nt-u~s-

:tr_\ tn (it-ltt-ml (':||‘tt-1'.“ thv U0

l»t"it-t'

ut_\ I)in't-tnr of Cmltrnl Intt~Hi-

.'-' law :12:-1 th~- l>lxwtnr'~ ":tItrt' :1;">," hw':u1-t- (‘l.\ ufiit-t-1'.< ft-It it 1u-vvs- ~‘:tt‘\' tn kt-t-p th-t;1i!~ of thv prnjt-t-t I'L'.~lt‘h'T('tl tn an :1|»~nhttt- mininmtn tmmht-rnf1-t-n]»h-." In .\I;t\" nf l:H'~;; I)!!!’ ]It~h::.< told tht- 111.<1»vvtut- Gt-ntx-all that the vnu-t't tt-.~Ii||;' prn-_'t;tn| \\:t.< :utt!mrizvtl ht~<':ut.~t- ht" hut! gntw tn the I)il'rt'tu1'. ||1‘i<'1'<'tl hlln Hll “Ihv mvm atttl tht-rvI'n1"v tht- tt-stittg will r~nntinu<~.""' ])iI‘t't‘tuI' itttlivzlhwl Xlu if tllttl di.~'ll§II‘t'£'- Sut-h mxtlmrizrttirm on-n fut‘ Ilflllvultll'tr\'t'l‘>i:1] m:tttt~r.~ i> 1-h-:trl\' phvit ;tuthut‘iz:|tiu|1: in an-:|.~" >m-h as thv It--.~ dc-.~it'ub1t' than 0x~ .~"1xt'n-]~titintx.\' :uhnittif~'tt':ttim| of dt'u;'.-". it is p:u'tivuhtrl\' ll|uh'.~‘tI'1\]»h'. Yvt :l1't'nt'<1il);' to tv=timun}' “’ 145 Rt-1-nrt nn .\|KI'I.'l‘R.\. ]!IfL'{. 1|, 1-1. ".\r--nr|lin;; tn an ;|.~~t~'.~t::t tn llr. tinttlint- tlu-rr\\1'ro-;|nt1tl:|I lH'l uml Ihn 111'!’ nu .\|l\'l'|.'l‘l{.\ I-rivt3n;;~ nf the- l»\' Ihv t'hn-f nf '1‘.\‘lv nr h|\ \||'|-llI\‘.l|u\\'v'\P1’.;§ .\I.t\’ 1-7. 1!Hi.‘¥ .\I~-un-r:|tul\1m fnr tlw Rwnrtl frnm thv I1:~1~m-tnr Ge-m-rut .\Ir .\l<1"n|u-h:|t1tn-t h--on hrit-ft-d nntt-ti that in ch-tail nhnnt thn ]»rn-'r.:u|. .\Irt .\lt-(‘nth-'.< uti\t~ Ilttbt-r, \\':tltt-r lfhlvr. u~\-titi--tl I~I\r-<~- that it \\";|~ "|--»rftt-tI\ :11‘;-.1r--nt tn m~-" m-itht-r .\1r. .\|~-(‘nm- nnr t;¢~m-rul (‘urn-r. that th-tn Uh‘ lmrl. w;|- a\\':tr¢ nf rvptiti--||\ :t-|miI|i>tt':Hi-In prnjt-1-t "nr tlw .~ur- if thv\ hm! Iw--1. I-rit-I--tl tht-\ st-~-wt it." tlfhh-r. 1;‘, l~ 77-. had nnt undvr- ||. 13.» Mr. .\lt-(‘nn-- twtitit-tl tl.;t' h~- "did ll"! kt;n\\"' \\h|~II|1'l’l||-llllhvtl t~-:nt\"n1n-:1t»nt1t thr ]1r~\jm't I-ut that txn nnv had tnhl him it in :| \\:|\" Thu? "\\nuhI h.nt- turuwl --n all thr h-.'ht< " 1-It-hn :1?-nut '' 3 T511». 'lU| .\l¢'t‘n1|nIt-<tim-my‘. “‘ .~\|~<-nnlimz In lihh-r'~ tt-~timnn\’. "||n l\~'|»ut\‘ h:x~ I-'\4'I‘l-04-11|I|"iI‘fr~|Hl' \\:L~it:-\'1'rIl||-ll;:|HIn-1 [Pin-t~I--r. tn kt:-»\\’1<-tin. my ~-~\trv tn I-rh-t‘ tht-m tn thn tn\\hi1-h_\->t1\\1-nhlhrit-t'thnlliro-~-tnr." t-xttut " Ill .\1--mnnnnlnm fnr thv R-~<nrtl. T» 15 UH Ht: thn qm-~tn-n --I ztltth--t"i7.;tti~-n nf us fnlh-\\>I Hw rn\'t‘Tl tn~tit;-' ;~r- ;'r:|m. Iflth-r t1'~tt||~~|1 1 ~5* "Q--1;; "1411? my re-:|~nn:|l»I~- jn-lartm-nt i= that thi.~ \\;|~ 1-u|t\i|lr'X't'<I In I-v in thn an-:1 nf '

..v 1/ J5.‘ *1.‘-4'.‘ ' c~~-tttitmim: :|]1|-rn\.-oi. huvin: nun-I-1-~~t| ;||-|»rn\|-tl Thn Ihr=Ir\ nf :|uthnriz:|t~nv- r:|rr\n|-' thn Ilirt-vlnr,“ 2K '>\ '-\ I-\ .. n\"~-r frntn nun Q ~¢-I'n|~ part:--||!.'tr!\' i||;||-1-t"--prizaw :|tl|ni|||~tr;|ti--1| tn tl|t~ next -N f-G H,‘ -

\\l.|-h nnl--~~ I-rn-|-ht tn iti~ uttu-ntinn 1'--r It-<~ \i-~vI-h-. ln;hIy .~-tt.~ttiu- n|---rttti--n.- it ."t-¢t.'.r-5 '-

• I-_\" .\ul-nrtltnut--~". “H111-i nnt |~~»;t.\- tn

-:;=A-a"_,;;T- the "

:11!--nti--n--ftln‘ lnr--tt--r. J)? '-15¢ —"‘-,

Page 89

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87 407

before the Committee. authorization through lack of agreement -is even more prevalent in sensitive situationsf‘ The unauthorized retention of shellfish toxin by Dr. Nathan Gordon and his subordinates. in violation of a Presidential Directive, may have resulted from the failure of the Director to issue written instructions to Agency officials. The retention was not authorized by senior officials in the Agency. The Director, Mr. Helms, had instructed Mr. Karames- 1 u

sines. the I)ep‘.tt_v Director of Plans, and Dr. (iottlieb, the Chief of D Tecluiical Services Division. to relinquish control to the Army of any cheniical or biological agents being retained for the CIA at Fort De- trick. Dr. Gottlieb passed this instruction on to Dr. Gordon. \\'hi]e orders may be disregarded in any organization. one of the reasons that I)r. Gordon used to defend the retention was the fact that he had not ' ' received written instructions forbidding it." ' .

In some situations the existence of written instructions did not re- vent unauthorized actions. Accordin to an investigation bv the Cl)A’s Ins iector General TSD officers hag been iniormcd oral] that Mr. Ilchna was to be "advised at all times" when SI) was to be used. In addition TSD had received a memo advisin ' the stafl' that LSD was not to be used without the permission of the DDI’, Frank \\'isner. The experiment involving Dr. Olson went ahead without notification of either Mr. Wisner or .\ir. Helms. The absence of clear and immediate punishment for that act must undercut the force of other internal in- structions and regulations. One last issue must he raised about authorization procedures within n the Agency. (‘heniical agents were used abroad until 1959 for dis- crediting or disabling operations, or for the purpose of interrogations with the ap iroval of the (‘hief of Operations of the DDP. Later the approval 0} the Deputy Director for Plans was required for such operations. Although the medical stall‘ sought to be(part of the ap- proval process for these operations, they were exclude because, as t e nspector General wrote in 1957: O rational determinations are the responsibility of the I)l)§,~P and it is he who should advise the DCI in these respects just as it is he who is responsible for the results. It is completel_v unrealistic to consider assiming to the Chief, Medical Stafl, (what. in ctlect, would he authority over clan- destine operations)“ . \

Given the expertise and training of ph_vsicians, participation of the Medical Stall might well have been useful. Questions ahout authorization also exist in regard to those K ncies which assisted the CIA. For instance. the project lh\'Ol\'illg‘i‘li: sur- reptitious administration of LSD to unwittin non-volunteer human su ijeets was conducted in coordination with tlie Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous I)rugs. There is some question as to the Commissioner g of Narcotics‘ knowledge about the project. \ ' .\ir. Elder was asked whether the process of bringing forward a description of actions hy the .-\iZt’"“.\" in at-ttint: approval thrnutth the absence of disagreement was a t'lIliill‘lt1Ii one. He res-ptmtlett. "lt was not uncommon. The more sensitive . . .

the pr:-jet-t the more lil-'.el_\’ it would lean toward hcing a common practice. based on the nt-ed In keep the written record to a minimum." " .\'athnn Gordan testiniony. 9/l6,/75, lit-arin;:.~'. \'ul. 1. "'1957IG Report.

1

Page 90

• 88-

~. -.v',‘, ‘if.-F c- ;=' 408 ~' -..-.4»

• ~

.’ - .5,

In 1963, the Ins eetor General noted that the head of the BNDD .:. _.i1‘f’ .

.1‘ :».:~»'- had been briefed aliiout the project, but the I(i's report did not indi- .

.§='*~.eta»-..—:

cate the level of detail provided to him. Dr. Gottlieb testified that "I remember meeting Mr. Anslinger and had the general feeling that he was aware.”"' Another CIA oflicer did not recall any discussion of testing on unwitting subjects when he and Dr. Gottlieb met with Com- missioner Anslinger. In a memorandum for the record in 1967 Dr. Gottlieb stated that Harry Giordano. who replaced .\Ir. Anslinger, told Dr. Gottlieb that when he became Commissioner he was "only generally briefed on the arran;'ements, gave it his general blessing, and said he didn't want to know the details." The same memorandum states, however, that there were several continents which indicated to Dr. Gottlicb that .\Ir. Gior- dano was aware of the substance of the roject. It is possible that ‘at-2 the Commissioner provided a general autliorization for the arrange- C ment without understanding what it entailed or considering its pro- priety. A reluctance to seek detailed information from the CI.-\, and the L'1.\'s hesitancy to volunteer it, has been found in a number of instances during the Select Committees investigations. This problem is not confined to the executive branch but has also marked congres- sional relationships with the Agency. c. Internal liertcu-.—Tlie waiver of regulations and the absence of documentation make it ditiicult to determine now who authorized which activities. .\lore importantly, they made internal Agency review mechanisms much less et'l'ectivc.““ Controversial and highly sensitive projects which should have been subject to the most rigorous inspection O lacked ctiective internal review. Given the role of the General Counsel and his reaction to the sur- reptitious administration of LSD to Dr. Olson. it would have seemed lil~:clv that he would be asked about the legality or propriety of any subsequent rojects involving such administration. This was not done. He did not ‘learn about this testing until the 1970's. Nor was the Gen- eral C0unsel's opinion sought on other .\ll(['LTIl-\ projects. though these had been characterized by the Inspector General in the 195? Report on T51) as"unethical and illicit." " There is no mention in the report of the 1957 Inspector Generals survey of TF1) of the project involving: the surreptitious administrat- tion of LS1). That project was apparently not brought to the attention of the survey team. The Inspector who discovered it during the IG‘S 1963 survey of TSD recalls coming upon evidence of it inadvertently, 'fifltt|i¢-ll, 10/15,/'75, p 25. "' The 1G's report on .\lKl'LTRA in 1963 stated: "The original charter d--cuments specified that TSD maintain exacting con- trol of .\lKl'l.TR.\ activities. In so doittz. however. TS]! has pursued a phi- los-»1>h\' of minimum docunwntntion in keepim: with the high sensitivirv of some of the projects. Some flies were found to |>re.~ent a reasonalilv complete record. lntlllllillfi most sensitive matters. while others with parallel 0bj6>(‘ti\'Ps contained little or no data at all. Thelack of consistent l"P¢‘t'l!'(|.< precluded use of routine procedures and raised a variety of questions concerning manage- lfl~[>P(‘[l0fl ment and fiscal controls." " CIA, Inspector Generals report on TSD. 1957. 217. p.

Page 91

89 409 attention as an especially rather than its having been called to his sensitive project.” Inspector General, the prin- Thus both the General Counsel and the of possibly improper actions, cipal interiial mechanisms for the control replar reviews of the project. When the project were excluded from voiced strong op- was discovered the Executive Director-Comptroller possible that t-he project would have been termi- position to it; it is nated in 1937 if it had been called to his attention when he then served as Inspector General. review function The Audit Statl, which also serves an internal also encountered through the examination of Agency expenditures, \\'hen .\lKL'LTRA was first substantial difliculty with Ml{l’LTlt.-\. function. This proposed the Audit Stati was to be excluded from any "contractual pro- was soon changed. However, the waiver of normal “irregularities" cedures" in .\ll{l'LTRA increased the likelihood of in detecting them. The head of the Audit as well as the ditliculty Branch characterized the K M L'LTR.\ proceduics as "having allowed failures.” including a practices that produced gross administrative lack of controls within outside contractors which would "assure proper in use of governmeiit funds." It also diminished the accountability Cl.-X's capacity to verify the accouiitiiigs provided by outside firms. d. (jompur!/nutratiun. and J u.rzl<~¢1e'ctio1ial Conflict Within the and use of chemical and .~lqcm"z,/.-—.-\.s has been noted. the testing treated as a sensitive activity within the biological agents \}‘il> liiglil_v same C].-\.'Tl1l:' resulted in a high degree of coinpartineiitation. At the the Agency be- time substantial jurisdictional conflict existed within tween the Technical Services l)i\'ision, and the Ofiicc of Medical Serv- ices and the Otlice of Security. This conipartmentation and jurisdictional conflict may well have led to duplication of eiloi-t within the CIA and to Agency policy- niakeis being deprived of useful information. During the early ]9.‘»tI's first the BlJ.'l-IBIRD ('ommittee. and then .-\RTl(‘llOKl-I ("ommittec were instituted to bring together rep- the i"eseiitatives of the Agency components which had ti legitimate inter- est in the area of the alteintiuti of liunian behavior. By 1957 both these coiniiiittecs had fallen into disuse. .\'o informtition went to the Tech- component stipposedly represented on the nical Services Division (a .-\R'l'l(‘llt)Kl'i Coinniittee) about .—\R'lil('l’l()KE operations being conducted by the Oilicc of Security and the Ofiice of Medical Services. su port to the The Technical Services Division which was providing but Clandestine Services in the use of chemical and biologicalpagents, of Security or the provided little or no iiiforniation to either the Otiice pro- As one TSI) ofiicer involved in these (lffice of Medical Services. grams testified: “Altliotigh we were acquainted, we certainly didn't-

share experiences." ”

"Even after the Inspector came upon it the IG did not perform a complete an extensive survey of TSD investigation ot it. It was discovered at the end of another post within and ti; i Inspector was in the process of being transferred to the Agency. " Testimony of (‘IA oflicer. 11,-’21/75. p. 14.

Makin-

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.1 90 410 Ql{lllLl.'l'()l’, another group designed to coordinate research in this area also had little The group met infrequently—on]y success. to ice a year—and little specific information svzis exchangt-d.°‘ Concern over security obviously share infurmation,"" but this appearsplayed some role in t-he failure to not to be the only reason. A TSD otlicer stated that the Uflice of Medical Services simply wasn’t “par- ticularly interested in what we were doing“ info:-mation."° On the other and never sought such hand, a representative of the Ufiioe of Metlieal Services consistently sought to have medical persomiel par- ticipate in the use of chemical and Q biological agents suggested that T51) did not inform the Ufliee of Metlical vent their involvement. Services in order to pre- Jurisdictional contlict was constant in this area. The Oflice of .\'e<'uritv, which had been assigned responsibility 1

.-\1{'l‘l(‘]l()l{l-I, consistently for direction of sought to bring T51) operations in- jri ' volving 1isyehoeheniicals under the .»‘\RTICllUl§l'I umbrella. The Oliiee of .\l<-tlieal Services sought to have ().\1S physicians advise and participate in the operational use of drugs. As the Inspector Gen- eral described it in 195:7. “the basic issue is concerned with the extent of authority that should be exercised the activities of T51) which encroach by the Chief, Medical Staff, over lield." and which are upon or enter into the medical conducted by T51) “without seeking the prior approval of the Chief. Medical Statl, and often him of their nat are and extent." °’ without informing As was noted previously. because the and programs of T51) stcmlned directly from operationalprojects needs Dill’. the IG recommended no controlled by the further supervision of these activi- ties by the .\ledical Statl: It is conipletely unrealistic to consider assigning to the Chief. Medical Statl. what. in effect. wouhl be authority over clandestine operations. I"u/flit»:-mo/1. sonic of t/it at-ti1'1't1'es of ('licnu3u/ lIir2.~»'<n/ arc not only unort/imlu.r but unct/n'(~al am] -<0In<h'!n1's ///¢'(/11/. 7'/ic Iilll’ is in u bcrfrr Ila-§‘l.1l'OIl (('4|](1(If| I/1. j|1.\~(,']i'u!I1'l)/I to for .\-mt]! 0/It rations flu!/4 f/if ('/11.6)’, .l/(11/1-U] ,\'/,,/f"‘ [l'I|tipli:t.~"is adtli-d.] Because the advice of the llirector of Set-urit_v was O

"evaluating the risks involved" in the program-" needed for and because the l-tn0\\'letl;1e that the CIA was "en,qa;'in;' in unethical til'.\ would have serious |-epercussions in political and and illicit act-iv_i-

circles." the ll} diplomat-1c Q |'(‘('()lllllll'll(l('ll that the llireetor of Security be fully advised of TS] )'s activities in tliesc area:-". liven after the l||.~|>e1'tut‘ (leneral'.~ llt-port of 19.37. the compartmen- tation and juri.~dietio|ial conflict continued. 'l'hev tna\' have had a sub- "‘ The one set of lllllllll1'.\' fr--in :1 Ql{lill.l.'l'IIl'in--1-tin:inili-~ateil ua|~ in the titliee of .\le<lieal .\’ervice~ stre.\~e¢l that imli\'irl> the need for more contact. "When :|~l\e:l \vh_v infortuation on the .\llI'l'l'|'llI|ull\ was not presented to the .\l('l'lt'llt>l{l'I coinniittee. :uln|ini~tr:|tion of l..\‘l> ll||;l:l||t~ the Dr ti--ttlh-h respomleqlt "l 5’. only ll1~\\ |ITll\('Xllt'l|\'4'." I't'J|\i|ll \\--ulil have In-en a com-ern t‘--r lIl'H:lIll'Ill!lI-I tllv =\\\'=ll’f'~ "<'t\~m..i " It :1 711' 12 .

I1; .\'ur\t-‘\ of ’l‘.\'l'. 19.77. p ‘.'lT. "'Ibid.

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'91 411 stantial negative impact on policvmal-ting in the Agency. As the Dep- ut\" (‘hicf of the (‘ounterintelligence Stall noted in 19.38. due to the dith-rent positions taken by 'l‘.\'b'. the Oflice of Security, and the Office of Medical St'l‘\'iC9S on the use of chemical or biological agents. it was possible that the individual who authorized the use of a chemical or biological agent could be presented with “incomplete facts upon which to make a decision relevant to its use." Even a committee set u by the s v

Dlll’ in 195» to attempt to rationalize Ageiicy policy did not have ac- D cess to records of testing and use. This was due, in part. to excessive compartnientation, and Jurisdictional conflict. (‘. (‘ovi;nr TE.~'Tl.\'(; o.\' Ilt'.\t.\.\' St*n.iE<"rs nr .\hu'r.\m' INTELLIGENCE G1zot'1-s: 1\l.\ri;iu.\L T}Z:~'Tl.\'G l’i<ot:n.\.\| EA 1729, PRo.it:c"r THIRD we--2» - (‘ll.\ NGI-I. .\.\'n l’Ro.n:('r ])EltllY HAT EA w 1729 is the designator used in the A1'niv drug testing program for lv.~"ergic acid dieth\'lamide (l.$ll). Interest in IS!) was originally aroused at the .\rmv's ('heniical Warfare Laboratories bv open litera- ture on the unusual efieets of the eoinpound.” The positive intelli- gence and eounterintelligence potential envisioned for compounds like Ibll. and suspected Soviet interest in such materials.‘°" supported the (lt'\'(‘ifi]>lllt‘lll of an Ann-riean military capability and resulted in ex- perinient.-" conducted j0intl\‘ hv the I'..\'. Arniv Intelligence Board and I the Clit'flll(‘ill \\'arfare I.ahoratories. 'I'he-e e.\'perinients. designed to evaluate potential intelligence. 1

uses n of l,.\'I). were known enll0L‘ti\'('l\‘ as "l\Iatei'i:d Testing Program lT''!l." Two projects of particular interest EA 1 conducted as part of these e.\*pe-riinents. “TlllIlI> t‘ll.\I\'(_‘I£" and "I)l-IRBY ll.-\T", involved the administration of l..\‘l) to unwitting suhjects in Europe and the Far liast .

In many respects. the .-\rmv's testing programs duplicated research which had alt-eadv been conducted hv the (‘l.\. 'l'hev certainlv involved the rislts inherent in the earlv phases of drug testing. ln the .\rm\"S tests, as with tho.-e of the (‘l.\ individual rights were also subordi- nated to nat ional security t'0ll\l(lt‘l'£tl lOlt>; informed consent and follow- up examinations of subjects were neglected in efforts to maintain the sec|'eev of the tests. Finally. the eotnniand and control problems which were anp:m-iit in the (‘l.\'s programs are paralleled hv a lack of clear authori‘/.ation and supervision in the .\rm_v's programs.

" I'.\'.\l.\'T(‘ staff .<tutlv. “.\Iaterial Testiniz I‘rr-ttram. EA 1729." 10/15’-"i9. p. 4. "'“'l'hi~ saine l'.\'.\l.\‘Tt‘ stutly cited “.\ 1932 t.\'(‘\'t‘l';ll years prior to initial l'.S. inn-re~t in 1.5]!-23) report that the §n\‘iv-ts purchased a lnrize quantity of I.§Il—25 from the Santloz (‘onipanv in ltlfvl. repuu-d to he suffit-ient for 5" million doses." tlh|:!,. p. ltll Gem-rall\' accepted Soviet iiietli--ds and eoiititerintellizenee concerns were also stron: niotivatin;' t':i<-tor~ in the initiatit-n of this rt-~"eareli: “\ prini:ir\' justitieation for tield experitm-iitation in ilitellicetiee with 1-I.\ 1729 is the I-ounter-intelliuenee or defense int]-lit-atiun. We know that the ent-m\' phi- Io~o|il|y (-i-iitlniies :||i\‘ kind of t'tn'I'(‘iI)I| or \'iullt‘]l1'P forintvllifleneeptlrpt-<1-s There \ is proof that hi~ iIllt‘lliLf1'|||'r‘ ~l'l'\il'1‘ h;|~ llflvtl driuzs in the past '1"here is strum: evi<h~|u-e of keen iHt~'l'6'~‘I in PIA 17214 I-\ him. ft for no other ptirpose than to know what to q~y|u-(‘l from em-ni_\ intelliizt-nee use of the material and to. thus, he pre- Pill‘;-tl In eounter it. field e\pt-riinentatiou is justitii-d." tlhitl. p. It-H

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92 412 J.Scope of Testing Between 1955 and 1959 research was initiated by the Army (‘hemical Corps to evaluate the potential for LSD as a chemical warfare inca- pacitating agent. In the course of this research, LSD was administered to more than 1.000 American volunteers who then articipated in a series of tests designed to ascertain the eflects of the drug on their abilitv to function as soldiers. \\'ith the except-ion of one set of tests at Fort Bragg. these and subsequent laboratory experiments to evalu- ate chemical warfare potential were conducted at the Armv Chemical r l\'art'are Lalroratories. lidgcwood, .\f:11'vland. I

In 19.35 a new series of laborator tests were initiated at Edgewood. '

These experiments were conducted as the initial phase of Material Testing Program EA 17:29 to evaluate the intelligence potential of L.<ll, and included LSD tests on 95 voluntec-rs.‘°‘ As part of these tests, three structured experiments \vere conducted:

1. LSD was administered surreptitiously at a

simulated social reception to volunteer subjects who were unaware of t-he purpose or nature of the tests in which they were participating;

1. L._'I) was administered to volunteers who were subse~

quently polygraphed; and

1. L31) was administered to volunteers who were then

confined to "isolation chambers". These structured experiments were designed to evaluate the validity of the traditional securitv training all suhjects had undergone in the face of unconventional. dru" enhanced. interrogations. At the conclusion of the lhhoratorv test phase of Material Testing Pro,<*r:im EA 1729 in 1960. the Army Assistant (‘hief of .'\‘tafl' for Intelligence (.\(‘SI) authorized operational field testing of LS1). The first field tests were conducted in liurope by an .-\rniv Special Pur- pose Ti-:nn (.\'l’T) during: the period from May to .»\u;;u.=t of 1961. These tests were l-tnown as Project Tllllll) (‘ll.\.\'(‘l-I and involved eleven separate iIltet'I't>;[nti0n= of ten subjects. None of the subjects were volunteers and none were aware that they were to receive L511). All hut one suhject. a VS. soldier implicated in the theft of cla.~".~itied documt-nt.<. were alle;'ed to he forei,<*n intelli;'ence sources or agents. \\'hih~ interrogations of these individuals were nnl\' moder- att-lv Sll|‘(‘t'.<~‘fl|l. at least one suhject (the I'.S. soldier) exliihited svni it-nus of severe |mr:inoia while under the influence of the drug. 'l‘in- >'(‘<'(itHl of field tests. Project I)l~IltllY ll.\'l‘. were con- serit-.< ducted l>v an .\'l’T in the Fur l'I:1.~"t .\t'iiiy durin;' the period frmu .\u~'u.~t to .\'m<-uilier of lfN;'’. Seveii snhjects were intcrro;;atetl under lll"IltllY ll.\'l‘. all of wlimn were for-ci;'n national.~ either sus- pet-tt-d of de:ilin;' in nart-otit-s or iinpli-~:ited in i'orei;1n intelli;'encc o|wraiio|i~. The p||r|ro.~"4- of this .~"'.-coiid .~et of (‘Xp1‘l'lIIIt'lIl> \vn.< to col- lect additional data on the utilitv of l,.\'l) in field ilitt-rro;';|tiniis. and to 1-valuate :ln\' ditl'e|"cnt ell}-I-t.~ the dru;_' might have on "()1-iental.s."

"' l||‘l'p“l1II’ General of the .\rm\' l't-'1-"rt. "l'.~-~ of \'¢-lnntm-r~ in (‘lieiniral .-\¢eIIt no-~1-:tTt'l|" 3/Hi! Tti, |r, 13*. '

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1. I nadcguate Coordination Among Intelligence Agencies -

On October 15, 1959, the U.S. Army Intelligence Center prepared lengthy stafi' study on Material Testing Program 1729. The stated EA purpose of the stafi study was: “to determine the desirability of EA 1729 on non-US subjects in selected actual operations under controlled conditions.’°’ It was on the basis of this study that operational field tests were later conducted. After notina that the Chemical \Varfare Laboratories began experi- ments with Lbl) on humans in 1955 and had administered the drug to over 1.000 volunteers, the “background” section of the study concluded: There has not been a single case of residual ill effect. Study of the prolific scientific literature on LSD—25 and personal communication between US Arm Chemical Corps erson- nel and other researchers in this fileld have failed to disclose an authenticated instance of irreversible change being pro- duced in normal humans by the drug)” This conclusion was reached despite an awareness that there were inherent medical dangers in such experimentation. In the body of this same study it is noted that: The view has been expressed that EA 1729 is a potentially dangerous drug. whose pharmaceutical actions are not fully understood and there has been cited the possibility of the continuance of a chemically" induced psychosis in chronic- form. particularly if a latent schizophrenic were a subject, with consequent claim or representation against the U.S. Government.“ An attempt was made to minimize potential medical hazards by care- ful selection of subjects prior to field tests. Rejecting evidence that the drug might be hazardous, the study continued: Thc claim of possible permanent damage caused bv EA 1729 is an unproven hvpothcsis based on the characteristic effect of the material. \\'hile the added stress of a real situation may increase the probability of pemianeut adverse efiect, the resulting rial‘ is deemed to be alight by the medical re- search personnel of the (’/zemir-:1? Warfnr'c Laboratories. To prcvcnt even such a slight risk. the proposed plan for field experimentation calls for overt. if possible. or contrived- through-ruse. if necessary. phvsical and mental examination of any real situation subject prior to employment of the subject.‘°° This conclusion was drawn six years after one death had occurred which could be attributed. at least in part. to the cfiects of the very drug thc A rmv was proposing to field test. The I'$AI.\'T(‘ stall. limvever. was apparentlv unaware of the circumstances surround- lll;' Dr. ()Ison‘s dcath. This lack of knowledge is indicative of the

;°':;'-Q.-\I.\‘Tt" staff studr. "Material Te-stinz Program EA 1729." 10/15/59, p. 4. hid.. p. 4. "f lhM_ p "" 25 lhid. 96-408 ['7 - ‘IT - T

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;!1'noral laok of intoi-a;:om~_v oonnnunication on drug rolatorl resom-cli. .\= tho ()<-mhor 19.39 stmly H011-ml. “tliero has boon no oom-chnation with othor nitoll1;;onoo agonon-s up to tho prosont. '°“ '

On l)o1'(‘n|lx-1' T. 19.39, tho .\rm\' Assist ant ('hiof of Stafi for Intelli- gonoo (.\(‘$l. a1>|>nro|itl\' a Gent-rnl \\'1ll<-nus) was l.>i'1of'orl on the In-01rn.<o-l II]1(‘l'2\ll(Hl:\l n.=o nfl.>l) h\'l .\.\l.\TF l’1'0]or‘t Ofi1('oi'Jac0l>- .~on. In |n'o1»arat|nn for ]'r0]ot't 'l'1|l]ll)('l1.\.\'(‘l-I. Gonoral \\'illo1ns oxpro.<.~o\l t-mn'orn that tho pi-njo-'t haul not boon r'0(n'<linatotl with tho l-'11! and tho ('l.\. 4]lo if qnwtotl as .<:t\‘in;' "that iftl1i.<]n-ojootis goiiig to lw \\<n‘th an\'thin;: 1t |l..\l)l .<h<ml<l ho n.<o<l on h1;'hor typos of nrm-l'.S. s|il>i~-<-t~" in ntlu-r wui-tl~ ".=tatl'o|~.~"." Ho imlit-atotl this could ho il<‘l'0lll|)ll5lH‘ll if tho ('l.\ woro brought in. Tho sn1nm:u'\" of tho l-riolin-' ])l'\‘|>:H'l‘(l h\' :1 .\l:|jnr .\loh0\'.=k\‘ r-0ntinno.=:"()f particular noto is that .\(‘.~1l <litl lmt <lin't‘t o0m'<linati0n with (‘IA and tho FBI but nnl\' montiunml it for (‘O||>lll(l'flllfiI\ by tho plmn1ors."‘°’ flor tho hi-iotin;'. four colonol.<. two lientonant colonols and .\I=|jm~ -\ .\Iolm\t.~"k\ mot tu1li.~‘¢'1|.~'.~'il\tP|‘n;;'(‘1n'y(‘0npOl'!lti01i with (ll.-\ and FBI. Tho ;"l'flH|| t‘HH~t'H.~‘ll.\' was to postpone efi'<n1s l0\\'Ill'<l com-tlinationz l.t. (‘ul. -l:n'0l1.'~'uIt connnontotl that before wo cormlinate with (‘l.\ wo .~'hnnhl ha\'o nmro f:u'tu:|l fin~lin;'s from fiohl o.\;|>oi"i- lm'nt:l1luh \\ ith t~<»nnt<-rintolligonoo oaso.~ that will st|1|igtlion our lm<lll<m and ]n'0p0>":ll for r-ooporation. This npproaoli \\':\< a;,:n-t--l In h\" tho t~nnforoos.“" llzul .<uvh ommlinal ion In-on il(‘lll\‘\‘t‘(l, tho szifoty of those experiments nn;'ht h:|\'o ln-on \'lv\\'ml thlh-|'ontl\' and tho tt->t.~ lll\'ll1$t'l\'9S might h:i\"o ln-("II .~oo|| as llIH1('l't‘.\'.<;ll'_\'.

J. .\'I/lm/'1//‘awIf/nu Of 1/vr/1'/'/r]!/11/ /1/‘fl//fa’ f0 .\'11fl'0)HlZ -q€(‘ll7’1'fy €OIl8;(]- 1 ruf/nn.\-

Just as !H:lIl\‘ of tho~o oxpo1'i|nont.< may have hoon nn||eco.=sai'\'. tho n:\tIm- of lhu u|>oration:|l tP.~"tS (pnlyzraph-assistotl intorro;:ati0n.< of 4ll'll'";_'ml s|\~|»-t-|.~'t l'('lh-|'tS a ha.~io tlisroganl for tho funtlamontal human right.~ of tho silhjeots. Tho intori-ngation of an -\|n0ri(‘an snhlior as part of tho Tllll{l)('ll.\.\'('1~I 1961 tosts an example of i.~:

this tli~i'og:ml. Tho "trip rolmrt" fur l'|'nj(*n't THIRD ('ll.\.\'CE. tlatml 5o]itoin- __

lM'1' 4;_ 111131. l‘l'1'HllI\l.\ tho oiromn.~t=|n--o.< .~nrronn<lin;; and tho rosults of

tho to>|> as fullu\\'.~‘Z [Tho snlijovt] \\"a.< a 11>‘. soldier who had confossed to theft of cl:|.~'~ili<-<l tlm-tnnonts. (‘nn\"ontional !II\‘|lI0ll.\' haul faih-nl to a.~|-ortain \\'ht‘t|u'|'os|ii0n:|;1ointont was involvotl. .\ si;"nifi<':\nt now :ullni.~1~ion h\‘ .~"nhjo<~t that ho lnhl a follow snhlivr of tho thofl whilo ho .~till haul tho (ll)\‘lllll(‘|ll5 in his pn.~so.~.<inlt was obtainotl <lnrin~: tho F..\ 1729 intorrugatioii along with other \'ax'ialinn.~' of Snl>joot's |n1-\'inn4~" at-1-mint. Tho intorrngatinn results woro tloomod h\' tho lnoal 0|>oi-atiniml anth0rit\' satis- favtm-\" 0\'i:l(‘Iu'o nf >‘nhjo('t's claim of innnoonco in roganl to os|vinn:\;_'o intont.""'

‘°' Ihid.. 1» 64 W’ \Ie-hu\"~k\" I-‘zwt Sln-Pt. 1'2/9/'6". P. 1. 1°‘ [hid 2, THIRD (‘ll.\.\'(‘E. 9v’6/61. 0- 5- . 1», "' Sl‘T Trip Report. flporatinn

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The subject apparent]; reacted xery strorrgh to the drug, and the interrogation, whrle produttne, was drfirtult The trrp report concluded :

(1) Thrs case demonstrated the abrlrt) to rnterrogate a subject pr0fitably tlrrouwliout a7lrrvlrly sustarrred and almost inca racrtatrrw reactron to \ 1 29 (21) The apbparent xalue of brrngrng . a sub]ect rnto the 1729 situatrorr rn a hrghl) stressed state was rndrcated EA (3) The usefulness of errrployrrrg as u duress factor the de vice of rrrutnrg the S\llJ]t’tl s attentron to hrs L X 14.20 influenced state and tlrr<.rtt-nrng to eatend thrs state rn detirritel) eren to a perrrranerrt corrdrtron of lllstlflll), or to bring it to an end at the drscretrorr of the rrrterrogators was shown to be el'l'ectr\e Q‘? ' (4) The need for preplanned precautrons agarnst extreme paranoiac reactron to E \ 14.29 was rndrcated (5) It was brouvht to attentron b} thrs case that where sub ject has undergone extended rntensrxe rrrterrogatron the EA 17.29 eprsode and has persrsted rrr a xersron pr ror to repeatedly during com entronal rrrterrovatrorr, adherence to the same ver sion while under EA 17.29 rrrfluence hou e\ er e\trerrre the reac tiorr. rnax not necessarrlx be exrdence of truth but mere]; the ability to adhere to a \\ ell rehearsed storx “" This strong reactron to the drug and the accorrrpanyrrrg this irrdividual suffered were eztplorted drscornfort b; the use of tradrtronal rater- rogation techrrrque~ \\ hrle there rs no eudence that or" torture were errrplm ph) srcal uolence ed rrr connectrorr ruth thrs rnterrogatron plr) sr cal and psyclrologrtal technrques were used rn THIRD CH .

experiments to e\plort the sub;ects altered mental state, and £5 CE the mize the stress srtuatron Jacobson de~trrbed these methods to maxr rn hrs trrp report :

Stressing techrrrques emplm ed rncluded srlent treatment be fore or after EA 14.29 adrnrrnstratrorr. sustarned com entronal interrogatrorr rrror to EA 142° rnterrogatron. deprrnrtron of footl. tlrinlt s eep or bodrlx eureuatron. sustarned rsolatron prior to EA 1729 a<lrrrrnr~tratron hot cold surtehes rrr ap proaeh. duress “prtthes , \erbal degzradatrorr and bodrlj, dr Isurnfort. or drarrratrzed threats to subjects lrfe or rnental health.‘" Another gross nolatron of an rndnrdual s fundamental rrvhts oc in .\‘e|>terrrber 196.2 as part of the r:lll'!‘P(l

in the Far 1' rst A sus reeretl \=rarr espronage Arm) s DERB1 H~\T tests awent “as grren 6 rrrierograrrrs of l,\l) er rlogranr of bodr. wervht ofthe rlrug was comp eted at 10-1.» that rnornrng The adnrrrrrstratrorr At 1120, <\\eatrn" becarrre enrlerrt hrs puke beearne thre:1(l\ 4.‘ lle \\':|> placed rrr .1 srrprne posrtron He began groarrrrrrr \\rtlr [ e.\;pir'ation and betanre \t‘rrrl<0|r|at0S0 "

“"lhicI, pp 1|- K “‘l!mI. p 13 ""D1-IRBY HAT Medrcal and Plrarnraeohrgreal Report 1». D10-'.'. Case #1 9/20/6°.

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For the next 29 minutes, the subject remained semicomatose. At 1149. responses to painful stimuli were slightly improved. At.1l5.'>.lie was helped to a sitting position. At 1:200, he became shoclay again and was returned to supine position. At 1:212. he was more alert and able to sit up with help. At 12:20. Fuliject was assisted to the interrogation table. At 1230. he began moaning he wanted to die and usually ignored questions. Rarely he stated “he didn't know.” .\t 12541, his phasic alertness persisted. He frequently re- focused his t-\'cs with eyelid assistance. He frequently threw his head back with evc.s closed. At 1330. he was slightly more alert. He was forced-walked for 5 minutes. lle ph\‘.=icall\' would cooperate until he became slioclcy again (sweatiug.tln'ead\" pulse. pale).‘“ For the next three hours the subject remained in about the same con- dition. (‘ontinued attempts at interrogation yielded no relevant answers. Fix hours after receiving the drug. the subject began giving relevant answers to questions. Eight and one-half hours after the initial dosage. the subject was polygraplied. The interrogation con- tinned for seventeen and one~half hours after the drug was ad- ministered. There was some psycliologieal and medical screening of the in- dividuals tested within the l'nited States. in Europe, and in Asia. The proposal for the field experimentation in fact called for such examinations. The fact of prescreening did not eliminate the risk of iniurv; the availabilit_v of medical statl did. however, limit injury and may well have prevented the death of one or more of the suhjects. .\~ the medical corps member of the team which surrepti- tiously administered the LS1) noted. “one subject .did collapse after . .

the interrogation and the presence of the medical ofiicer was not only of value to the subject but to the interrogation team who were thus assured that an \lllD(‘f'9>'FtlT\' untoward result would not occur."‘“ In the October 15. 1!).'>9. l'S.\l.\'T(‘ statl study. moral and legal I‘fltnifi<‘ntlfilts of covert administration of ISD in field conditions were considered. It was alwa\-s a tenet of .\rmv Intelligence that the basic ‘ .‘\nu-rican principle of the dignitv and welfare of the in- dividual will not be violated. . A more meticulous regard . .

for the prohibition against violence or duress is taken in practice when the suspect is a l'S citizen or ally as against an actual or potential enem_v. in peace as again.-t war. and in respect to the nature of the crime. ln intelligence. the . . .

stakes involved and the interests of national security may permit a more tolerant interpretation of moral-ethical values. but not legal limits. through necessity. .~\n_v claim . . .

“f ”:i:I.. p. Dl(l—-3. "' SP1‘ Trip R1-|ml'l, Operation THIRD t"lI.\.\'\"E. 7/27»,/61. p. 1.

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97 - 417 -

against the US Government for alleged injury due to EA 1729 must be legally shown to have been due to the material. Proper security and appropriate operational techniques can protect the fact of employment of EA 17293" On the basis of this evaluation, the st '.-ly concluded that in view of “the stakes involved and the interests of national security,” the pro- posed plan for field testing should be approved. The surreptitious administration of drugs to unwitting sub]ects by

the Army raises serious constitutional and legal issues. The considera- tion given these issues by the Army was wholly insufficient. The char- acter of the Army's volunteer testing program and the possibility that drugs were simply substituted for other forms of violence or duress in field interrogations raises serious doubts as to whether national se- curity imperatives were properly interpreted. The “consent” forms which each American volunteer signed prior to the administration of ?Q~5§"' ' LSD are a case in point. These forms contained no mention of the medical and psvcholo;*ical risks inherent in such testing, nor do they l mention the nature of the psychotrophic drug to be administered: The general nature of the experiments in which I have volriuteered. have been explained to me from the standpoint of j-1-ssible h;t::;1rdst0'niy health. It ismy understanding that the experinn ;~ are so designed, based on the results of aniiiials and |-r-.~\"ious human experimentation. that the antic- ipated I‘t'-811,1-\' trill ju-9t1'f_y the performance of the e.rperi-

1. I understand further that experiments will be so con-

ducted as to avoid all nnnece.=sary physical and medical 0 suffering: and iniury. and that I will be at liberty to request that the c.z-prrinunts be tcrminatul at any time if in my opin- ion T have reached the physical or mental state where con- tinuation of the experiments becomes undesirable. I re(~ogm'ze that in the pursuit of certain experiments trarmitory div-onifnrt may occur. I recognize. also, that under these circumstances, I must rely upon the shill and -wisdom of the ;>ht/.w'n'an suprm-z'sz'ng the e.rperz'mi~nt to institute what- ever medical or surgical measures are indicated. [Emphasis addt-d.] “' The exclusion of any specific discussion of the nature of in LSD these forms raises serious doubts as to their vnliclity. An "understand- ing: .that the anticipated results will justify the performance of . .

the experiment" without full knowledge of the nature of the ex cri- incnt is an incomplete “understanding." Similarly. the nature oiithe experiment limited the ability of both the subject to request its re- quest its termination and the experimenter to implement such a request. Finallv. the euphemistic characterization of “ti-ansitory discomfort" and the agreement to “rely on the skill and wisdom of the physician" combine to conceal inherent risks in the experimentation and may be viewed as disolving the experimenter of personal responsibility for damaging aftereffects. In summary. a “voluuteer" program in which subjects are not fully informed of potential hazards to their persons is "volunteer" in name only.

”I USAI.\“X‘(‘ staff study, "Material Testing Program EA 1729," 10/15/59, p. 26. "' Sample volunteer consent form.

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418 This problem was compounded by the security statements signed by each volunteer before he participated in the testing. As part of this statement, potential subjects agreed that they would: . . . not divulge or make available any information related

to U.S. Army Intelligence Center interest or participation in the Department of the Army Medical Research Volunteer Program to any individual, nation, organization, business, association, or other group or entity, not officially authorized to receive such information. I understand that an action contrary to the provisions of -

this statement will rendyer me liable to punishment under the provisions of the Uniform Code of Military J ustice.‘" Under these provisions, a volunteer experiencing aftereflects of the test might have been unable to seek immediate medical assistance. This disregard for the well-being of subjects drug testing is in- excusable. Further, the absence of any comprehensive long-term medical assistance for the subjects of these experiments is not only unscientific; it is also unprofessional.

1. Lack of Norrnal Authorization and Supewiaion

It is apparent from documents supplied to the Committee that the Armyls testing programs often operated under informal and nonrou- tine authorization. Potentially dangerous operations such as these testing programs are the very projects which ought to be subject to the closest internal scrutiny at the highest levels of the military com- mand structure. There are numerous examples of inadequate review, partial consideration, and incomplete approval in the administration of these programs. When the first Army program to use LSD on American soldiers in "field stations" was authorized in Hay 1935, the Arm- violated its own procedures in obtaining approval. Under Army ahief of Stall Meinorandum 385, such proposals were to be personally approved by the Secretary of the Army. Although the plan was submitted to him on April :26, 1956, the Secretary issued no written authorization for the project, and there is no evidence that he either reviewed or ap- proved the plan. Less than a month later. the Army Chief of Stall issued a memorandum authorizing the tests!" Subsequent testing of L91) under Material Testing Program EA 1729 operated generally under this authorization. When the plans for this testing were origirrally discussed in carlv 195$; by oflicinls of the .~\rrnv Intelligence (‘enter at Fort Holabird and l'e])lv.seI\t:'tli\'eS of the ('hernical \\'arfarc (‘enter at Edgcwontl Arserinl. 11" lfifmmfll Pm- posal was fornrulated. This proposal was submitted to the Medical Rt‘>(‘.‘;l|‘(‘ll Directorate at Edgewood by the President of the .-\rmv In-

telligence Board on June 3. 1958. There is no evidence that the plan was approved at anv level higher than the Presideiit of the Intelli- genre Board or the (lornnianding General of Edgcwood. The approval at Edgcwood appears to have been l.~Sllt*\l by the (‘0nnnander's Ad]u- tant. The Medical R\‘.\'(‘:lI‘(‘li Liiborzitorics did not snlnnit the plan to the Sur~geon Gr-ricral for approval (a standard procedure) because “' Sample Volunteer Security Statement. ”‘1n>|»-\-t..r fit-In-rnl nf the Anny ll\'p0!'T. “Use of \olunte<=rs in (‘hemical '

Au:-lit R\~.~"i-arcli_" 3.-'10 '76, p. 109.

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99 419 the new program was ostensibly covered by the authorizations granted in May 19563“ The two projects involving the operational use of _

LSD (THIRD CHANCE and DERBY HAT) were apparently approved by the Army Assistant Chief of Staff for Intelligence (General Willems) on December 7, 19603” This verbal approval came in the course of _a briefing on previous drug programs and on the planned field experi- mentation. There is no record of written approval being issued by the ACSI to authorize these specific proi'ects until January 1961, and there is no record of any specific lcnow edge or approval by the Secre- tary of the Army. On February 4, 1963, Major General C. F. Leonard, Army ACSI, forwarded a copy of the THIRI) CHANCE Trip Report to Army Chief of Stafl", General Earl \\'heelei'. ‘” \\'heeler had apparently requested a copy on February 2. The report was routed through a Gen- eral Hamlett. While this report included background on the origins of the LSD tests, it appears that General Wheeler may only have read the conclusion and 1'e(‘0mmendati0nS."‘ The oflice memorandum accompanying the Trip Report bears Wheeler's initials)” ~

1. Te1mz'nat2'on of Testing

On April 10, 1963, a briefin was held in the ACSI’s oflice on the THIRD CHANCE and DERBY HAT. Both results of Projects SPT's concluded that more field testing was required before LSD could be utilized as an integral aid to counterintelligenoe interroga- tions. During the presentation of the DERBY HAT results, General Leonard (Deputy ACSI) directed that no further field testing be undertakenfi“ After this meeting the ACSI sent a letter to the Com- manding General of the Army Combat Developments Command (CDC) requesting that he review THIRD CHANCE and DERBY HAT and “make a net evaluation concerning the adoption of EA 1729 for future use as an efl'r-ctive and profitable aid in counterintelligence interrogations.” "’ On the same day the ACSI requested that the CDC Commander revise regulation FM 30-17 to read in part: . . in no instance will drugs be used as an aid to interro- .

gations iii counterintelligence or security operations without prior permission of the Department of the Army. Requests to use drugs as an investigative aid will be forwarded through intelli;z:-iice cliaiiiiels to the OACSI, DA. for approval. . . . Medical research has established that information obtained through the use of these drugs is unreliable and invalid. . . . It is considered that DA [Army] approval must be a pre- requisite for use of such dnigs because of the moral, legal, medical and political problems inherent in their use for intel- ligence purposes)" "‘ !bid.. pp. 135. 137. 138. "' , ‘ I .\lehovskv Fact Q ° 0 /60, . heet. 1../. a-"ll" :,§](‘m0l'i1II(lUIll from Leonard to Wlieeler. 2/-I/63. ‘-’ r I; ffifi meiiioranduin to \\'lieeler through Hnnilett. 2/5/63. bill, "‘ "" .\!:ij. 1-‘. Barnett. memoranduiii for the record. S/12/63. I’ Yamaki meniora ndum for the record. 7/16/63. Ibirl.

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420 The subscquciit adoption of this regulation marked the eflective ter- ininatioii of field testing of ISI) by the Arniy. The oflicial teriuination date of these testing programs is rather unclear, but a later ACSI memo indicates that it may have occurred in September of 1963. On the 19th of that month a meeting was held between I)r. Van Sims (Edgewood Arsenal), Major Clovis (Chemi- cal Research La.boratory), and ACSI representatives (General Deholni and Colonel Schmidt). “As a result of this conference a deter- mination was made to suspend the program and any further activity pending a more profitable and suitable use.” "' AND COMPETITION Anon; "rm: INTELLIGENCE Cou- 1). CUUI‘I>lR.\TIU.\' MCNITY Aozxcirs AND Bl51‘\\‘l5E.\' THESE AGE.\'ClES a.\'o OTHER I.\'nivint".\i.s A.\'D lxsrirrrioss §""i‘ '

I. Helationsli ips Among .4gcncie.~i Witliivz the Intelligence Community Relationships among intelligence conununitv agencies in this area varied considerahlv over time, ranging from full cooperation to intense and \vastefnl competition. The early period was marked by a high degree of cooperation among the agencies of the intelligence commu- nity. Although the military dominated research involving chemical and biological agents, the infornizition developed \vas shared with the FBI and the (‘I.\. But the spirit of cooperation did not continue. The failure by the military to share information apparently breached the spirit, if not the letter,ofconunands from above. As noted above, the Army Assistant (‘liief of Staff for Intelligence was briefed on the proposed operational testing of LS1) under Project THIRD (‘ll.\N('I-I, and expressed concern that the project had not been coordinated with FBI and (‘I.-\. Despite this request. no coordi- nation was achieved between the Army and either of these agencies. Ilad such cooperation been foitlicoining, this project may have been evaluated in a dil'l'i-rent light. ‘The competition between the agencies iii this area ieaclied bizarre levels. A military oflicer told a (‘IA representative in confidence about the militai'y's field testing of LS1) in Europe under Project '[IIIRD (‘II.\.\'(‘I'I. and the (‘IA promptly attempted to learn surreptitiouslv the nature and extent of the prograiii. At rouglily the same time .\Ii'. Ilelnis argiicd to the l)I)(‘l that the unwitting testing program should be continued, as it contributed to the (‘I.\'s capability in the area and thus allowed the (‘I.\ "to restrain others in the intelligence coiiiniiiiiity (such as the Depai-tineiit of Defense) from pursuing operatioii.~".°' "’ The .\lI{ .\',\().\lI program was also Iliflfl-&('(I by a failure to share inforiiiation. The .-\rmv Special Forces (the principal customer of the Special Operations Division at Fort Dictrick) and the CIA rather than attempting to coordinate their efforts promulgated (IllI(‘l‘0lli re- ijuircnicnts which varied only sliglitlv. This app:irentlvresulted in soine duplication of ellort. In order to insui'e the security of (‘IA ._ —;- ii ., -1;’ ,. operations, the Agciicy would request iiiaterials from SOI) for opera- 1... -..\v tional use without fullv or acciiriitely describing the '0P(‘I‘l\llOllt\l ‘c/'.-'-. 4 ->\‘ i-eqiiii-ciiieiits. This resulted in limitations on SOD‘s ability to assist 5-.’ t tlic (‘I.\. -. *, .~ ,¢- ;~ .a .V.,_ ,1. ”'I'iul:it<-d .\S(‘l nieniomnd1iin.p. 2. , ,,;.. ”" .\l--moraiiiliiin from the HUI‘ to the UPI. 11/9 6-I. II. 2.

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421

1. Relationships Beticcen the Intelligence Community Agencies and

Foreign Liaison. Services The subjects of the (‘I-\'s operational testing of chemical and bio- logical agents abroad were generally being held for interrofgation by foreign intelligence or security organizations. Although in ormation about the use of drugs was generally withheld from these organiza- tions. cooperation with them necessarily jeopardized the security of Cl-\ interest in these materials. Cooperation also placed the Ainerican Government in a position of complicity in actions which violated the rights of the subjects, and which may have violated the laws of the country in which the experiments tool: place. Cooperation between the intelligence agencies and organizations in foreign countries was not limited to relationships with the intelligence or internal security organizations. Some .\Il{L'LTR.\ research was conducted abroad. While this is, in itself. not a questionable practice, it is important that such research abroad not he undertaken to evade .~\tnerican laws. That this was a possibility is suggested by an ARTI- (‘HOKE iueinoranduin in which it is noted that working with the scientists of a foreign country “might be very advantageous" since that. government “permitted certain activities which were not per- mitted by the United States government (i.e., experiments on anthrax, etc.)." *3‘

1. Tlu» Ii’cIati0n.slu'ps Between the hilclligencc Community Agencies

am] OI’/11'?‘ Agtincics of the l'.S. Government (‘ertain government agencies actively assisted the efforts of l..'.{\'.

intclligciice agencies in this area. One form of assistance was to pro- vide “co\'er" for research contracts let by intelligence agencies, in order to disguise intelligence community interest in chemical and biological agents. Other forms of assistance raise more serious questions. Although the (‘I.\'s project involving the surreptitious administration of LSD was conducted bv Bureau of .\'arcotics personnel. there was no open connection between the Bureau personnel and the Agency. The Bureau was serving as a "cut-out" in order to make it diflicult to trace ency A participation. The cut-out arrangement. however. reduced the 5I-\'s abilitv to control the program. The .\geucv could not control the process by which subjects were sclt-cit-tl and cultivated. and could not regulate follow-up after the testing. .\Iort-over. as the (‘I.\'s Inspector (it-ucral noted: “the handling of test subjects in the last analysis rests with the [Bureau of I\'arcotics] agent working alone. Suppression of ltnowletlgc of critical results from the top CIA iuanageuient is an inherent risk in these operations." "2 The arrangement also made it impossible for the Agency to be certain that the decision to end the surreptitious administration of LS1) would be honored by the Bureau personnel. The arrangement with the Bureau of Narcotics was described as "informal." ‘“ The informality of the arrangement compounded the problem is aggravated bv the fact that the 40 Committee has had vir- ’“‘ARTIt‘h't‘lKI-'. .\lemorand\uu. 6'13/-'12. "' Hi l(~-port on .\lKl'l.TR.\. 1!v63.|r.1-I. "“ lhitf. This was taken by one .\eenc_v otficial to mean that there would be no \\'rittcn contract and no formal mechanism for payment. (Elder, 12,/18/75, p. 31.)

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422

apparent unwilliiigness on the part of the Bureau's leadership to ask for (l('l1lll>. and the Cl.\'s hesitation in volunteering information. These problenis raise serious questions of command and control within the Bureau. .4geucz'cs and 1?elntionxh.ips~ Bctiecen the Intelligence Cornimunity Ollzcr lnst1'tufz'ons and I1zdz'z-iduals, Public and Private .4.

The Inspector Geiieral's 1963 Survev of MKl'LTR.-\through noted that "the research and development” phase was conducted standing an-au;'ements with "s iecialists in universities, pharmaceu- tical houses. hospitals. state and federal institutions. and private re- search orgaiiizations“ in a nianner which concealed “froin the institu- interests of the CIA." a few “key individuals” in each tion llie Oiil\' institution were “iuade wittiug of .-\;'enc_v sponsorship." The research and development phase was succeeded by a phase involving “phy- sicians. toxicologists. and other specialists in mental. narcotics, and general ho.<pitals and prisons. who are provided the products and findings of the basic research projects and proceed with intensive test- ing on human subjects." *3‘ .\ccor<lin;;" to the Inspector General. the I\Il{l'LTRA testing pro- granis were “eoiitluctetl under accepted scientific procedures . . .

subjects are voluntarv participants in the where health permits. test programs." "5 This was clearly not true in the project lIl\'0l\'ltt{' the surreptitious administration of L91). which was marked by a coni- plete lack of .<creenin;:. niedical supervision. opportuiiitv to observe. or medical or psycliological follow-up. The intelli;'encc agencies allowed individual researchers to design their project. I'Ixperiment.~" sponsored bv these researchers (which in- cluded one where narcotics a(llll('l5 were sent to Lexinmon. Keiituclzy. who were rewarded with the drug of their addiction in returndeci- for participation in experinients with LS1?) call into question the sion by the 0:11-ncies not to tix guidelines for the experiments. The l\ll{l'l.Tlt.-\ research and developnieiit prograin raises other questioiis. as well. It is not clear whether indivitluals in prisons. mental. narcotics and general llO>])ll1\l$ can provide “infoi-iued consent". to partieipat ion in experinients such as these. There is doubt as to whether institutions sliouhl be unwittiu'' of the ultimate sponsor of research being done in their facilities. The nature of the arran;'euients also niade it impossible for the iiidividuals who were not aware of the sponsor of the research to exercise any elioiee about their participa- tion based on the sponsoring organizaition. Altliou','h greater precautions are now being: taken in research con- ducted on behalf of the intelligence cominunitv a<Yeneies. the dilemma of classification remains. These agencies obviously wished to conceal their interest in certain forms of research in order to avoid stimulating interest in the same areas by hostile governnients. ln some eases today contractors or researchers wish to conceal their connection with these a,rrencies. Yet the fact of classification prevents open (liseiissioii and debate upon which S(‘lit)l:l|‘l_\' work tl\'|n'Ii<l.~‘. "' m Ibi4l.|).10, Imn. p. a.

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APPENDIX B Dfi(‘l'MENTF REFERRING TO DISCOVERY OF ADDI- TIONAL MKYLTRA MATERIAL 22 June 197' r . . ,, . “,

‘ . 4 .

NEHORANDUV FOR: Deputy Director of Central Intelligence THROUGH ~

: Deputy Director for Science and Technolog" SUBJECT Request for Guidance on Handling Recently Located MKULTRA Material :

1 I .

I

£‘-‘v '1. (U/AIUO) This nenorandun is to advise you that additional MKULTRA documents have been discovered and to obtain your approval for follow-on actions ofrequired. action. Paragraph 7 contains a reconnended course

1. (U/AIUO) As a result of John Marks FOIA re-

OTS quest (F-76-374), all of the MKULTRA material in him. |

possession was reviewed for possible release to Retired Following that review, the GT5 material in the latter Records Center was searched. It was during that among the search that the subproject files were located Section. retired records of the OTS Budget and Fiscal These files were not discovered earlier as the earlier searches were linited to the examination of the active most and retired records of those branches consideredMXULTRA likely to have generated or have had access to documents. Those branches included: Chemistry, Manage~ Biological, Behavioral Activities, and Contracts all ment. Because Dr. Gottlieb retrieved and destroyed not the MKULTRA documents he was able to locate, it documents, is surprising that the earlier search for MKULTRA found direéted at areas where they were nost likely to be MKULTR‘ was unsuccessful. The purpose of establishing the work mechanism was to limit knowledge of the sensitive know._ .

being performed to those with an absolute need to found lf those precepts had been followed, the recently and B6? files should have contained only financialrealize administrative documents. (in retrospect, I that Baden‘-B->4 by wai- --1e~- dato \ - as JUL 97

Page 106

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$353237: Rcqurst for Guidance on Handling Rccszzly Located HEULTRA Hazcrial

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U! -7tCT: Request for Guidance on Handling Recently L:::tcix§LULTRA Material

The centrib; H n IQH coule be controversial in that it was 4| '

made thrcugz M-':.n eehanisr m-L-ng it apne=r to be a nr1\ate ~

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I as an the --;e. '

1. (. 3&3?)

4 The Le;isl:tive'Counsel has been - ' made aware c: the existence of these adéiticnal MKULTRA " ts xzzzn are still under review and sanitization. documen The MARKS zase s in litigation a:i we are committed to “-

Izrks cf the existence of these files shortly¢ advise Er.'3..._, an.£ to ee.-.=. ‘ releasable material tc his attorneys

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by 31 July. = Bu "er from the lnforaatien and Privacy S‘~" rs

L~--- te *- attorneys informing them _-

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• 1. 1L,'.—.-- 0 J There are new tho actions u '

fl ll II

be taken: "'-ease a ?§'cp'r'zat e-‘ . nzteraal to .

z. lg sa 2:‘:2‘:.d

• .

'

Mr. I;rss' attorneys as requzreé by FDIA liti,-.:on. 0'!‘ _ I

' Q :e.: - the g-enat., Seictt ~ - -- Cfififiltlfif 1 o‘ the prior to ,.v

exists::s c: the recently located records inicrzing Er. Marks‘ attorneys. ' It is reeezr w n Tl '0 2|. that you approve of both of these actions.

1. (U/AIDS) vs additional details on the contents

écsircfi, the DTS officers most fazzliar _

of this znteriai (u'!>-4

with it are Trey: to brief you at your eontenience. 0'4 ‘£9

' F Afi::D;fi‘i;¢'§;. fl§1¢~.¢¢er=-L Q. "‘- q ' Dzyid S. Srandwcin Director ,- -

Oiazce of Technical Servzce

. ' - I,

v

Page 108

»

A

106

' ' nu Director of Central Intelligence wuvgmocmnm

The Honorable Daniel K. Inouye, Chairman Select Conmittee on Intelligence United States Senate Hashington, D.C. 20510 Dear Hr. Chairman: During the course of l975 when the Senate Committee, chaired i-EL‘ _ by Senator Church, was investigating intelligence activities, the CIA was asked to produce documentation on a program of experimentation .'

Q with the effect of drugs. Under this project conducted from l953 to l964 and known as “MK-ULTRA.‘ tests were conducted on American citizens in some cases without their knowledge. The CIA, after searching for such documentation, reported that most of the docnents on this matter have been destroyed. I find it my duty to report to you now that our continuing search for drug related, as well as other documents. has uncovered certain papers which bear on this matter. Let me hasten to add that I am persuaded that there was no previous attempt to conceal this material in the original l975 exploration.‘ The material recently discovered was in the retired archives filed under financial accounts and only uncovered by using extraordinary and extensive search efforts. In this connection, incidentally, I have personally connended the enmloyee whose diligence 0 produced this find. Because the new material now on hand is primarily of a financial nature. it does not present a complete picture of the field of drug experimentation activity but it does provide more detail than was previously available to us. For exanple, the following types of activities were undertaken:

a. Possible additional cases of drugs being tested on American citizens, without their knowledge. b. Research was undertaken on surreptitious methods of administering drugs. c. Sone of the persons chosen for experimentation were drug addicts or alcoholics.

d. Research into the development of a knockout or "K" drug was performed in conjunction with being done to develop pain killers for advanced cancer patients, and tests on such patients were carried out.

; -!\-e1~-

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. I i-'-14¢-"

Page 109

107

2

payment to a e. There is a possibility of an improper private institution. in this newly located material The drug related activities described ago. assure you they were discontinued over began almost 25 years I take place today. l0 years ago and do not commitment to disclose any errors In keeping with the President's uncovered, I would like to which are of the Intelligence Conmunity on the full details of this volunteer to testify before your Conmittee 1

process of reading the unfortunate series of events. I am in the do want to be certain that fairly voluminous material involved and I have a complete picture when I talk with the Committee. I will be in touch with you next week to discuss when hearings might be scheduled at the earliest opportunity.

I regret having to bring this issue to your attention, but I know r, to your oversight procedures that you be kept fully !"“* that it is essenti _ informed in a tinely manner. Yours sincere

STANSFIELD TURNER

_

Page 110

r \

109

APPENDIX C DOCUMENTS REFERRING TO SFBPROJECTS RU‘! _ date 1 by 1953

SUL‘£Z2‘l': Project M<D'L‘1‘3A, Subproject 2

.

1. Qxbpnjoct 2 in being net up zc pr-en-1'.!e 1 necu.-2 sad

efficient men: to to the HKULTSA program. 1: x'egl_1 —’ a -,

5 .,__ \P . - . - - -

z. 0 pa-cct£:1:g psycfiinriat - ..a';- I-81 I Y3?"-155' =39? °-' £59 ~ Eis ;as: positical have 11:01"-zded Chief 4'-eurtpsycziltrilt e 5 ._.e 3 cf C he Plych.n.r1: ~\.< - Sectioa A. nd OSS exge.-ience during Hcrld He: H. I2 ban been Of value 1:. the gene:-1.1 I-|KL‘1.’1'..'\A field as ea on:-all adviser usi- cc:s".:1°.=.-.:. be has been of nlue Ln contacting Xzdividuala 1.: the ( and Ln letting up progectu there, and be bu .

dcze v::h :.;:.1e1.f mic: bu contributed to the LQCZEIA field. :4; -

prcfessicanl net:-nties 1:: kncam connectzans v-Lt: the -— B " C._ -s=u:=u-ann:a::;--.=—- , .

1. Sabpraject 2 vuuJ_1 in:!.\&e:
2. Xtscelluzews rvlearch and tent:-4 services 1.: the

[Ebert]. field fif H!('J!.Z'RA.

B. Services ls e contact uad cut-out for pr-fleets in the HK'.7“"& ...... I-I‘!!- field. ¢ , pr*.::.r‘l"

• those located. in

,, . _-- Q ' C. llcuitflriag of lelected pr:'e¢-ts 1:: the field, when located Ln the centnl urea. G. Service: ll 1 general consultant and ulvzlacr 1.: the

5.n HR‘-1I.'1'RA field.

B. The to?-L1 eon! cf this pruject 1| not ta exceed $34,650.00 for u period of cme year C "—""' - 1

ciee.-ed thruugh TOP SSE‘! an 0 contact buts. Q _

5|-Q? ;~:-5;: :;1;~t_$ ~ e -»-

• .3.-J

I »

• ‘ a . w : .

-1 . >= -----= ,- c:=:.==". Divzncrz/TSS -

_§A1~h »-,-_ - ii‘ ~.~...- <<~:. -

U ‘ ___.,.____1..' ‘"' ‘ ' A1’?!CT5D: _

90-om O - T1 - 8

Page 111

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110 ,.

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urnovzm -

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7,7I::|-51:11 D1v1.l1an?=~5S .

' ‘ APPROVED rm mocsm mmovzn um nscammwsry uanmxrzon or rows: A ii’ I , ., -.: ...= ., 5- r"<1*T<‘;»?>-?‘¢:~,-1-5*» .

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24/»-17 - ~."~'*" flu: . '

mu: [fl¢;1sljg>" ' - Attnctnsntz : ' ---— P:-upnul -~ ' .~»

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f.¢~""' “ Q ,. xi ~.r’- n. vs"5' \» ‘ 1 i:c.-,1 , u , .‘

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111

‘"-'j",'\j'»--,---~-= --» A4». '. .; . Fe’;-

fa ' = '~.'=-,,w,‘ -='*T‘ ;.Z -=r».. "c‘~.<_-‘;§..= - "~f~ls T-. ' rfw

-

Q g"; 1:1 . YROFOEAL. .

Ohgective: '.l'o study the possible synergistic sztion of drugs vhich sly he sppro-priste for use in sholishing consciousness.

Situation: There is resson to believe thst two cw more drugs, used in canbinstion, sre nore effective than single drugs. The $‘oine6 effect of sun drugs, such ss cabir.-stiou of hnrhiturstes, ex-Jkncvn. With other cw.hizations,. the flegree of synergism i_s not h:.\oI-rn. If considerable synergism is found

to exist, two possibilities nust be considered: (1) thst s

pnrticulsrlq useful emhinstion -1 be found, sod (2) cu: s psrticulsr cmhinstion my he hszsrdcus ‘becsuse d its effect on respiration or sue other vital function. To sinizize hsznrds, sninl experiments should precede hu.::n:. experiments.

Proocsal: Allocstion of $1000 for snial expe:-meats, to ‘be drsvn on ss needed. That erperiaents be conducted iaforcslly s specific 3-rsnt, and \r1tt spprwpriste cover.

'

. . .--» ».~»~>,§,»;;‘~_-A-*

';§ ‘~, , -. ~.:-~».¢.- ; ‘ 4‘

Wft __

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pi. .’$3‘¥,

557-|n-$S‘aT~“1.~

Page 113

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112

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-Z.,‘.'_. IL.-' ""' - .

U :-“—‘2"\..‘,:',_;£3-¥-—.:_g4

'.'-I =~ * 45¢. Y '.:.‘» 1¢ - ' :'".= ‘fr’ 1:‘-. ,==.. -- .

:.=;+-T,-‘:;*.>+','?_-.¢‘- \'\ d at e I \

FRCPCSAL

of drugs - Oblecttve: To ptudy methods fer the adzinistntiou ?z-epu-ltion at 0 ‘mll1. rlthout the knowledge at the patient. '> Q

meg! by erininlll A survey af methods which have been _ .

i Q}, Method: ° Lanai: d the '

at drugs. for nurreptitiaus udaiatstratlon nlture. paycbodynanica of situations at this

Prsgcsa 1: me $1000 be lllacated for this wrP=I=, NM‘ iv 1:: requested Ii needed.

' -<1 ‘~ ~ : ,»..-;>‘I5r*.'-‘&=.»-'-z<‘.’§~=»,-:,K‘ ' ’-'3':-v;'.;¢“‘A'?"e§_-".e"

v o 4%? ,__-wt -5-. .»:~. ~v-.-a’- - - M,-.>'.-r;,:--l"~'

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--oz ~ ='-‘€§.i=1 ~.“~..--1»-=11" __

--f15.~;,, ":-"-.,;---g~ ' / 1:‘-3‘ ~- "¢'-.5-;¢:’r‘¢*?».'>§:;-<’f:;":>~;: Q. <51)

’ e 0 , " fie -=—.§.§?=@'5:.¢7-,<.»1e’~“~»§ J =~.-.9;,駑4'1'*’,~":--:=s:-.*>f.=.f:r;-=.:;;-'~:~.:¥- - I.36‘- .

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fr "'“"- >rr..:~1v*-'1-. -4 Jzrv‘ —; '-

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date _ . .

Page 114

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.14 _' <1; -

< v ‘ff; ,' 113 V .;.. ~'-, fa: .= -; -,-'-». QM? an-¢-v-Q» ¢...__s..:.uu.2=.».. '

c-' 3: -_. - ‘ .

mun: _-"'-$vQ.’....|f'.f‘

nnmuounrcm '

E-TE! I h'910c%Il'U'Ifl.L,l:b|:'1'0,10¢tIl ~

c-_ Q an -an sagiii 5'.“

2 J 5% ?-E tin-ad £0

ilaprnetid-b¢Pl7'=hilt:-!.:t1.l\ 1=m-%- -/ 1 <>

C 2, udafu-::.:.1ty1ba:ef Bohabomotvnlnninthn ' ‘nae:-ml MKULSA project, serving an ca lBv"..:o:- and 191*?’ ' consultant, onntacting indiddmla in tho --<j__ ‘ urn, and un11:a¢ out his an monarch p.rop\a.

1. subpngm ziwuu mam flan following:

(0) lC.uou1J;aoona rooolrchndtoutiag nnrriou $Ifi&‘lnfl'I.1f1l1-AMIIULBL. u C _(b) 81111001 1 can?-lat and cutout fur projtctc in the MKUZ.".?.L field‘ {.nr1.1; than located 1.:

(6, mum-1.»; ¢t ulna: projoeta in an ‘

)lUL1!Ufi|1d,vhnu1oatcdLnt.hoeI:t:-:1.

(G) Scrvicnungonnnl consult-nntmdu!vi.a'c:' I-l\B|‘U1@1f1llfl. -

C» —.— (0) , 13: .¢.m.=- u medial r-»4_ry-; la would act adviser and consultant

Q --_ .

.

1..».-.11 _,adc.rpensnuponrocoLp1.0fnn1mv:1a be rninhuraod for an stir:-u§nJ.u' mu». Luna:-n.14. Uhcn travel cps:-.10: 1:0 imazrrud through nnuetueannneu-r1nr,t.hqv1.1lbodoca:nat.0dnnd rnizburned in flu usual mnacr; that 1:, eouilhnt with It-nadnrd Gan:-mint cllmnnool. ‘ "

. ‘~ --- -"¢\’-"‘f--1-’ ~ -‘ ' ' -, --’—~:$L‘$>;; . . "L .-.,, -. , ‘ ¢ -‘ ‘\~,»f -~- Q‘;-;L4.‘. »- =‘ ' Y’--f,_ .-.-> ."1'-1”-J-" .<§.,».-.,.-.‘, ,~-\: t'.»- ~ -— . ._-. 4 -

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Page 115

1

114 . 7.-'. ...- " I~v¥Q-———- 2 October X953

nmsmmaux roa 1'52 nz:-cox: SUBJEC'l‘: ?roJs<:t 1-nm.'nu, SubproJect 16

1. wbprcject l6 is I continuation of Subproject 3, which

involved the astnbliahzent and maintenance of facilities tor the realistic testing of certain research and developant item cf interest to CD/TSS and APD/TSS. The tscilities were at up under sutproject 3, and Sflbprcjett 16 is intended. to provide for the ccntinued maintenance of the facilities. _ 4

' 2. flhproject 3 vns ariginnlly intended to provide hufls for the ’

maintenance of the facilities for one year; but it turns out that the

i costs of alterations, equipaent, and initial supplies vere under- estimated in Subpz-0Ject 3; hence the necessity to establish Subproject 16 at this time. , 9

i \

1. sutprageev. 16 nu

‘be cdnducted s Certain supper: activities will be provided by ca/rss _ .

-I and Am/rss. - . __

I. The estimated cost for s period. of one year is $7,'!h0.00. .O§ usuusm|nL;

*-x4. - '

. * ' ¢1/Sis-.1.-.1 G~C‘1'1"LE3 0 ' Chief Chemical Divisicn, TSS LL,lLlLi,—Z

m raocnm Arraovsn - - APPROVED run ommanou an um aaccmsrmzrm or rams: -— _

~ _

~ ~ ~ /2 ==a»-erfinalznun . -~ Reses;-an i:ectar _

A‘ -' meg; -._--=--'-=— Dste: /-3 ('6/-/¢./71'»

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115

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-»¢=" v pad opezgq 2'. accc~::t- - - 2-'2:-41.1:- §heck1.:g - -~1.n the u.=.au..-'t.ot $1CC.0:>- mm -\ - .'.'_" , KT-T. -V---¢ using the -;,:' . ‘~ --=-" =~Z .-5,-"-'-'1,. ..‘-.;. (,‘,»'~ - . 'r:<' ; <:---,~-»-f-.'—‘,‘. -;-. ~~.-'-; .. ' .j.' 71.‘ -7.1-.. ;i~'

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-».-‘.'.I mdq thin a Joint avccou):-.t I-5 . 1.

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‘.-8'-,t'ca1.::t4'1l'::-.'.!:'_ without as; leg.-.-.1 dflficultiea or nanta'7"b\:s£aess. -'-'-Ti" €.}=~"“1 -':<- ---- ~-' <~ I.

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-1-1'92.-.e1le:t :-efex-em-e in a go-:er:.."*:t éffizial, who ~

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1.T'stati:.:cry. - kindly he was‘ well ==.-,=.-1=:=a with official-‘Q"-' <~": um ma r ~ . am’; vac. leased to affarfcr hi: a"s1.";..'* ~ -.-'=.~.".;-e.‘..~- ~~.;=,‘:1 c<::;::'I. -z.. . - '

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l§4ORAI!!LI1 ma 1'5 mccsn SUB-'2C'2: ?.'¢,§ect lfl€L'I.‘.‘1-IA, Subproject Z3 ‘

. .

enca-.1:ess :1‘. he uccpe of thin pruject ix 1.':ter:ie".;4> 1. ="=<‘-1 in t‘:.cse ecti'-'1¢1== ==~ Q :5 _ w 9 D if ~v:': iireztion in its cvn facilities under the fl

grcjects It this /Jl

faci1.‘.t;' At tne ":1-esezt t‘:e the varicus concluded and it 1| ieezeé desirable are being

and pro- efficiez-.c;' to replace these . ‘ Ira: the atxzigacizt 0! security and in its a-;.-;:-aqfi. \

Jects with n 11.2.51: project acre gene:-:1 D 2:-.1: 172-kiicatea the

1. he attached 7étvp¢a£

that his facilities v1.1.1 allow hi: to ezteat of the investigations c:.r:1- out an the material: developed ::: the three prtjecta referredto interest ta ia;>a.--;r=:!1 1, as well as cert:2:. other materials of ca:su1ta::*. to :2-.1: C1/‘BS5. :2. :.L:o serve: es -2 3e:er:1 - 0 4. cut-Ju-.O i:ci1-.ie: . to t.-:2 .&_,en:,'. ~

ii?’ 4 ,rovie: ccver an..1 41,4-4 5 ¢‘..-..-on 2::

LILThe total coat at :11; ;-rtjact far a pertc., cf an' ; :2I1 $1 -

D 3.

Dr.r-s act exceei -5|-\2,TO0.00. non been 5.-intei a ‘tap Sec:-at C-e. r.:e by V ls. 9-sec" f::.l1;~ c;;:\.'.:1e of gretectiag the leczzity cf the the -. en! is 30--er:-:.ez;t'-.1 interest in sue‘; utters . as this

. - U“ --=.--.-12*. ."'.- '-..- "1-»-\-‘.4 --.. C:e:_:: ¢ .1"-isicn, ;.\.>

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.r 1" ’ ‘ »\"* ‘ -" ~ .\22—;".:"=;.3'.:.-1 -'=- ai 12 5 "tit, ‘ - /4'./ 3'1: 2:22: __ . _ .

.

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Th punt hniscipdn La cunnnud via =51“; u-udtocdnlamdilyiagtlnbnhnvurmd hncum lfflu 1-ItL|p'opcs0dtn|‘&lv\|'.hty0£kno\ndrupLnthhflunsabflnldgg thntuitnpwsntilyuond:as1uthnunncv:h$.u.1quntaoruua4.1.£7 ‘

sizing ac: u acczicn B1’ dim. '

2-‘lhonriau 1-.hc1:.n1 gnu Lnnsdgnodorqathesiadvillhunodm ‘ j atmlauhzunaochnknaunddn-nictnndq. hairgianrncalagiul uffocuvillbonndiudbylnrlnryniuaytlehiu,nahablaodpwasmw . énanimtims, buchid djlnatta warding, ndoerim affects, etc. Gn- pluu mini tuflidnn will be niauinod for Q1: purpose And pL5§l0d.€ Imdyflflkeuridunnthdicndngaufinfioninlannncriiied. 3-Pz\11:1.nu7e11n1cl11:vIs1d.pd.av!J1\IarrtndntnthnmrIp-fiaing ehldul Agata, mdapp:-07.1-Luau 1.nbcnza1-71::-ocadarvavfllbn ynrfoxtd, ad: l|I.\1odwu\t|,IrLnl7l1a, utc.9odnu:d.nn:lud!o¢=Lv‘c.||Iad&d.ds nuctinscfnhnirugsundnriznlflpfln.

_ {"4" 4-Adquarcprurlllbonflttdddanflndinpntqnrtu-1yiat:rv\J.a. 5-h-ayondhdgot: 1

9 Ba '

£52221. Sylzhudsnpniceh-1.1! lnuné nodiul uudsta Fhu-a:aJ.n¢al ucuunt finial Usiaunt Basing uchnidn §§§i§§§ assess

Qinial “chitin Qlzial unnlanz L-_ Tami nlnrlu lat pcénl $3,'f00.N

Qer lniunls, mini nintnnez h fudltdu Qnzical labanury fipplitl , qndahla ii 88

5? ' £1 Eflacelhawu pa:-nan: oquignznt 88 ‘h-an.'L, ndiul pcdaga, eta. , ,

total oflur muadiz-win 12,000.00

TDIAL S 42,'lN.N

Page 119

118 In B Oétbbcr 1.95“

wt lmfl-\A1DDt ICE! TEE HD2051) 513.1301‘: - lineman in tho Scupo at Subpraject 23, hcuoct mum "

Li‘ ~

1. me to u/connidonblc inc:-nu in tun leap

of the vurk 1:14:2- taken an uneuau of rss/ca under Subp'r¢Jcct 23, Prujoct MKUI.'1‘BA, the $2,100.00 an 0:-131.2111; obligated for thin vcrk 1| thcnfon yropoued to 1| insufficient to co-var um gnu": coon. It '

add $15,000.00 to that 11.:-end; obugntcd under this Swaprojecz.

1. ‘nu total cont 6-I this Subprqjcct for the

pried 28 Jamar: 1953: to 28 Jmunry 1955 V111 thus uncut tu $57,700.00.

1. no Santa Ln nccrpn responsible for

thin 72090011 cousin: at the dnelapuent uxl 91:11.11 tianacing at two an naurcea at biologically satin ewpamdl at Lanna in the prognl 1'55/CD in cu-171:3 cut.

' "T-"5-1-"“";1.*t;'>.:'T'--"-'5,‘

Chemical nion, ‘BS

APPROVED PG OBLJIZAIIOI LPPBENID: O! YUKDS:

" HGIGLICD Dirac‘-at 2210!, Clfuica D1‘I'il1GlI;

i 7"- I5 (5 .6." Data:

Oflgiflll Q11.

ta U5‘ \ A

u

ms. I\

£3 ,,,..f 44.‘; 74 '72:-‘.

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Q " ‘ ,_.,

it.441‘ 35 Ml8‘-1" 1955 1

@ |

_l@1OR-AIQIM FOR: REZCRD ’ -

SUBJECT: Authorization for Plymnt of Certain bqzenaes Under Project MCUI.'i‘RA, Subproject 23 _

1. In order to can-y m

the work of the above Suhproject,-it was necessary to teat the effect: of certain chemical lubstances when administered to human beings. Certain of the anticipated effects involved mental functions which precluded the une of mental ‘

defective: for this particular study. >

, .

1. In VIJV 01’ these circumstance: the project engineer, vith

vex-‘:11 l‘Up!‘U'VI.1 fru his chief, authorized the cont:-actor to pay the hospitals expenses of certain persons ouffering f:-an incurable cancer for the privilege of ltudying the effect! of these chemical: during their terminal ilinessea. he total funds expended in this fashion amounted to $658.05 and hill value was received. ;

1. ‘It ia requested that the Chief, ‘BS indicate hia knowledge

_

and approval of this particular expenditure for audit yurpoeen. ‘"" --'+~. - ,4;-~ . I '.:‘',°;; =_

L AW .-_ -.

'"t‘-':-"\ .~L:'--- '

'.\'_¢'<'.=-

15$/Chemical Divisia: A

APPRCVED: -+1‘i:§=‘- ~ - -

\, -

1/é ,<C2:emical Division ‘ - 3»!-»

%* Cnlgi’ 755 ,8hiei',

s4-7-?/'/i"</' 4

'

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Page 121

120

21 Deceober 1951»

I-51"-£C?..‘d7L".N I-‘CR: Director of Central Intelligence

SL*.3J'3C'I' : Project 2»:-'.‘L'I..".‘?.A, Subproject 35 _

l. while the Director's statutory authority to expend fimds low, we believe that for confidential purposes is not li:.ited by gift of Goverr.-zent funds es such would exceed the i:.tent of the a where a gift is made congress in grezzting that power. However, purpose of producing sor:et‘.:ir.g of value to this for the express and there is a reason- Agency 1-“nich c.-zmct other-rise be o'otair.-:5 received, the gift nay in able expectation that the vnlue nay be purposes. .!n;;,. effect be an expenditure for proper offici:-.l - In Suhproject 35, it is stated that theT532‘ donation in 2. achieve certain end: desired by There seens question would advantageous, so the to be no question that those ends would be could not be attained main questions appear to be whether they by nore direct, nornal methods, and, ii’ not, whether the return is necessary and reasonable in relation to the donation.

1. We are in no position to review

the requirenents or 1'55 or to appraise the advantages that would result from this project. received if the He do not cc=e::t, therefore, on the value \~.’e feel are should project results in the benefits foreseen. achieving those coczent on factors affecting the probability of control. Once there is little or no - ends. In n legal sensc, foundation, or the the i\:.r.ds ere donated, the iniividuel, his or allow us the hospital could conceivably refuse to work for us use oi‘ the facilities. _

as well 34-Practically, the control see:-as to he established pe:-nit. Certainly, as long as the individual is as circ-.::.stsnces reason to expect alive and in his present position, we rave every past, unless his coaplete cooperation in the mture as ir. the Ewen in the through so.-xe act or fault of our o\m he is alienated. be a reasonable event of his death or incapacity, there anears to r-.-~-.....-. I‘:"::'.-trziei to: . M’ :‘.';tl:c.-11:.’ of: l6'."i7'.f>-N‘ ' --'$\ '

C-‘:10: .'r':: 1977 " — Cop) ' 0 £1 copy -J .'.;';;; C; J‘ 13.15275 ' if 1

1- J\

Page 122

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'1;-A '-it--" . 121 “U . , ‘ \ ..r‘ ‘.>- -°. .; ';:' prebatzlitieu epeenr .b1\;;*! ' ¢h;n¢I er ¢9ht1:s1?£ the yrcgeez. Z: these expeniiture, teere surrieicnt ta chtai: un uueqeate return fer tee the prcgect. can be no legal cegection to this Aspect of

1. It should be noted that there are two tircuzstances vticb

require consideration in e final detezzinaticn. As stated in Eecticn V, our contributien, by appearing to be fr:: a private source, vouli increase the ::tchin; Governrent ccntributicn by a n sizilar unouzt which would not be the case if it were znavn that thi; vas in fest s Gzverzzent contributic: also. Secenilv, it is the stated pcliey of the h:s;ital ta chzrg: the Gcvernzcat en: c:::erc:al orjaniszticcs EC per ce:t cverhesd on researrt ccntrzcts, wheres: ncnpr:f;t fauziaticas pay cnly direct casts bzt ac overhead. Because of the ostensible s:u::c, our pragects will not be charged I

overheei. This could be eucstrued es cbrelly vrcngful ta the hospital, as ncrzally we vculd fey the $2 per cent overhead charge for ;rc;ects perfsrnei directly 2:: us, but I bn;i:ve q",;._ this can be offset, at lees: to the a;ou:t of our danstian, end per:s;s by the further z;aunt by w:i:: the other Gcvernzent cc:tri- butions are increased by cur iensticn. In any cese, if the prcjcet is s prrger o:: azi :22: be pcrfcrted in thss zanner, security dietctes these circuzstances end they, therefcre, do not present A legal cbstacle es such.

1. We raised the questisn whether funds for the hospital

construetion cculd nct be cbtaized Ire: otzer norzsl eheritsble sources. It agpeared Lhet there was a strén§ rassitility that the individual ca::er:ed could raise adequate funds free grivate resources, but it was the ;:sit1cn of T53 that if this were tne cese we veuld not obtain the:a::it:ent frc: the individual sad the degree of coztrcl which this project is designed to echieve. f£;(~=+-___;> , /' 5 ...-/./ 7N<1~<-== '.9;-/ . ,r

»= ;~<_;.<ce r

M XA'=.R£_‘!:3 I-R. HCCSTJII General Ceuzsel

P. ..4.> . .. "I21-‘.7218: ,¢ u ‘ "":h:rit? cf: ;S'+"5 1_ '--~ :=-1 ‘ ~'\ ...... ~...- ..

‘ O P=\=_'-':dr-1 '0 0 zy authcrzty cf: 1";3h ~o-. --.4. \3--. -.... -~--. 4. . _________________________ £2 153222; J; ;; ; -; _

Copy #1 ofl capy

Page 123

‘ 122

8 .‘..pr1l 1955

' :'.:::e.r.1::'.'.Q: Fen; cm-.~:, 1:2,/I’/T52

‘Z. :1 .. (1 -4 : 55 Amerzi-zan? to 3\;‘brr?:je':2 35 cf Prcject ;;';'‘;,_ Y §

N: have noted ;-:ur '::::cr:ni‘: of 6 April 11155 to the A-I" _H ' "4-n-~-y .... -~,-m-=~4-- ._ .-..-., an 1-» ‘

,-. ~- ..-r-..se ,-,-, Q00 c.4~ 4~9<r\ 1'.r :0 tbg ';'_, 2 . -\

-nI? U U ‘1.. ‘z- \f >s 0 1 n .-. 'I I-“re;-::t. ,1 I .-- request :!:cs not :4‘!-:.-ct in any way tl:-. c:~..-.10.-.t: in ::y m:-':':2':ni'1:: of 21 132:2:-.‘::r 195k, ___ .»-:1 '.---""= ;~.~---- ~— -'1<<-”‘ >1"-i -

.;»_).m-»?.;.i%'i\§‘fi-;-,-“, 1 ,_

• I-"'5-‘*1

~ f ;.»;__ »

General Csu.-:52}. " .4?

I x

lamgradcd to: iii-""""f “ '

==1:.>=-my or: ls?-:75 b:-' ~$ drta: Jim: 1977 "*‘?>,\ IEIPDST; CL B‘! 157-Q75

Copy I 1 of 1 copy

Page 124

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mm 717557» - "'5" ' 'Z&—/4 __' ' ~

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.~ .g. . _

1 ._ -‘Ti->,-. - 5 Fay 1955 .

A pa‘.-1-icn ct th: Rc:ss.2-ch cad Develop‘-_::.t P.~¢g:~c:: of '1'S5/C:'.::ic4l Di-rizim i: dsvozed to the iiscovcry cf tho 2:11:-1i:‘.,;' z:.a\;-a:i:is arm zabhcd.-.:

1. Substucea \-"hich vill pr:-iota i.‘L1:g*.c2.1 thinldzg

and i:$'a.l:i'.'e::as: ta 1'-.a paint ulzsrc the rccipimt would bu diacreriitad in publc.

2, Substances which increszc the ctficicacy oi’ manta.- tion sad parccpticn.

am-P ' 3, Fatariala which will p:-c':c~.1. er cauntaract we :.m.<:=1¢-:.::_-.7, ci‘;‘c:t‘c:‘ slccaol.

1.. Ikterial: which will ;:¢.-.':t0 the i:.tazimti:.; at- feut at alcohol.

1. léatorie-_}.a which will 1:::fi-ac: the signs e:.:‘. :,:‘:.:.-.n

rccajzizsd flzccaos in a rsversibls my ca 1:4: thq ::.y -

oi‘ be usea fa: m..|...'"'"ger..¢"'", ate. _ -

1. I-latex-‘.1.‘.a which will reader the infiction at h;7::caia

euis: ur othez-visa cabsncn its uzamlaoss.

1. Subst.-_-nave which will azha;-.co tho ability of iz:'.i- .

'.-iduzls to \.-Lt..“.:t::..'::1 ;::-i‘.-.=_:i:~::, ts:-='.:ra and coercion cluriag iaterr:-;1¢.i:n :::.:i so-called ‘brain-u-ubing“.

8, I\'_*\t::'i:la c.:;i 1:'n'y:.‘.c:|.1 nathcds which will produce anzeaic to: events prc::~ii:.g an.-1 fixing their uaa.

1. P1:y:ic.'.1 zcthcds oi‘ 1n\:é\:.:i:.g &o:l: and cmifixaiaa

avar <:.'tea<l.-.11 pericd: of 1.3:: and cc;-Able ct mm?‘-ziticua use.

10, Subat.-_-zcaa which produce piwsical dicablazsnt Inch as pcrclqzais of the legs, acute sncaia, etc.

- -ff~~ 1-» _

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1.1. Ié‘ bstancua L-blah will pro-d:.::a "pare" mks:-La 1-11.8: no tabs:-quest let.-6:‘-rn. ‘

_

1. $9 3 - (I

pr, s vhizh alter 1:::':~on:.J.tty structure 5.: such a \::.y "that t. I "ar.:7 ct tbs r-:cipic:.t to beccza depsndeat 173'

I‘-(I

-z

up:-.u mother parse: is raced.

1. L 2:12;-:'1:.l v‘:_‘.ch ufll. cause men‘:-al cc-.-.1".:aicn of such

A typa that tba .‘.r:I.1~r.‘.:£::a.l 1:.-A-.:~ he irilnr:-.I:: All 51:25 it a'rr:.=~_-n. ta m.:.n*.:u.n a faizricatim \::.:‘.=:' questianiag. I‘

Li. Substances w.')-.12.‘: v1.11 1:‘.-:1" tho anbltica and -.'::-31:; efficiency g2::s.."':.l of can can ‘staz-ea in |.c...\.n"~'

uzdetz-otabla a.:ou.n';a.

1. Sub%ces which prrzots weakness or distortion

at the oyszizht or he=.:-1:; faczzltiea, pz'_::?er:.b1;' withcut. per-.ar.=:.t eiieata.

1. A L::c:!c:ut which can .'n;rz~e'pti cuzly be (7 gs

lfi:.1.n1st:rcd in cl;-irizz, te->1, oigustt-ea, as :.a aercaol, _

etc" which \'-LL]. be sz-in to use, prrrlde a :.:~.::i::~.=| of ' a.....-::i::, c:._. -= -2 ..... *- --"t....~‘"‘~ 'c:' ::a by e.;:.-zt t;":2a .... . , ca 2:: ad boa basis. 1'7, A mtarial which can be suzrcptiticualy :.:'.:.1nia- tared by the at:-ze route: and which Ln vs:-7 gall =.=u:ta

m will 2:-ice it ilfrcssible ha: 0 :2: to per:‘c:':: :23 physical a.ctiv'$.’cy vhstaver. '

D The dcvalopzsnt cf mtarizls ct this ty-:s fallen: the przctica ct‘ 2.-4.: Bt.2'.':Cr:‘:l -‘ o 1..hi:;l r. '-u; bsuza- ~.. an _.. L? ,.

It is a :~:l:.\t1':'c1:r :-::u'..1.:::> 1::-:cac'\:..'~a ta dew-'a..:p :1 cu; ,_ *

to tho point cf !~.:.::z t-:::tL-43. C;‘;‘‘.:-.e:1.l7, LE: d.-‘mg brass: it-pend ups: the :::-r1c:: cf pa-i':.'.t.o g:.E;':ici:.n: for the t5.:s.l cliniael. testing. '2‘.-.3 physicians arc v’.L1i::; to a:::.::o the 1-afl:cr.s1b1.1.1‘ay of an-:11 ‘.:st: in ~::d:r ta t-iv-:ce tho ::i~::.-re of uediaizs. It is di;'1‘Lr;1t. r:..-1 :c:r.eti.'::s 1.:;=o:>-ible £0: T55/CD to o1‘:':r rash an in:‘.zc:'.::nt with z-::;:.:z to 1:0 pr:<£:cta. In practice, it has bzzn pcssihls to us: cutrido cleared cmtnqturs to: tze p:‘e>1i.':.i:z:.:7 piazza ca‘ ti-is 1::--1:. ZZ.:';a'vor, that 3::~.:-t. vhictx involves ha:-.n tust1:.;,' at eifzotive dcao level: preaeata :2::'.u'-it; problems which aamot ba l'.:.:dlsd hy the 0:‘:li.';a..'-7 ccatsactcr.

~‘v"€'--2. ,., ._ .P.r .

. ‘-_‘....-.., ......, 0,. ,., -. . 7 ,.‘,; -1' 1-\$»~-\ -‘-?>=.~'.= . \...... . - \..¢..‘ . Q .1-,1 .-f‘. : .__.. -......__.._. -

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1 uniqm The prv-,oaed facility mam; v.=':-'-‘='—

c;' sucn c1_1:.i.ca.1 tearing in ..;2ii- -

2-.=i:1 for tho :2;-.29 tic: to the anz-.i?::.ta-;sa cut-lined 1: the ;:oJoct prcycul. e1.£:.’..:::t:d by til tact Tho accurity p:cb1:.s :.oat1cne.i a?-an 0::-“'12.”. rest c::=1e‘.:|17 that tbs ru:7o::.11‘ni1.'.t,v for tbs tasting u;.~an the p':~';:i¢1::: 2-:3 tbs h:::1*a1. ~ dlcv .-.:.1\J "= ~:;~.L to m- Bl

n.';.-7.1;: the '.'::"'.< vary c--.::al;{ t: 21¢: zu.-*9 t':.1t hp" 7'r0|- ::".\ :1 ‘ ecnézctel accor-6.1:: to the rIee;"..L:ed ;:r:.c‘-ices an (lo ~'<'.\

qu.:.1.o zatcguuda.

v-'~-P" "

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96-00! (I - 7'! . 0

Page 127

I

l26

_, l0 May I955 ~

$U’BFROtl'£C'1‘ 35 OF PROJECT M-KULTRA \

as approved by the DCI on l5 Jlf‘.'JlfV 1°55 contemplated a 1, Subprtqect 35 to - B financial contribution oi $125,000 to the to cost 5;, Q..{.. 000 participate in the construction oi e new research win; \wi‘.l be transmitted -‘Agency Iu:-.1‘: exclusive oi furnishings and equipment. as out-out which - E ,~ ¢,- : -

th.tou;h the .~.,.--, made u-. the new rese...-... an-lg being will result in one-i-.:<:: oz me sgace _ .

covert biological and . ‘

available for Agency-sponsored research involving chemical technique; oi warfare, Wm. cm - B

1. At that tirne(15 January use; LS6 to the construe-

encouragement indicateé a willingness to contribute S5;-;,lollown raised an tion hind. The building hind was to have been ,

— B fie- s1,ouo,ooo - Contributed by 250,000 - Donation from $125, 000 to be supplied by CIA -; mach _ B

Q 1,250, 000 - Matching hsade under Pub‘‘: Law Z21 equal to the arnc-..-.1 of :1-e t-wo above cootribunoos _____.5°°-°°°

• - B

$1,000,000 - TOTAL I B wzll not be ‘

1. Sine: it now appears that the expened

contribution b; permission requested to increase the Agency's contribution forthcoming, ll situation ll follows: by $250, O00 winel-. will result lu a financial '

• /3

$1,000,090 - cO!l!Pl§uC . C l5\ 500,900 - D oration fro" . .:'.:l-udinfl - B $375,000 su:¢p'.:e<: 2',‘ Cl.-\ 1,500, 000 - Metchin; hint: under Public Law 22! equal to the arnov.-.nt of the two above contnbuuona

~ TOTAL O $1, 000, 000 - ~

‘flue irsleetrnent,

1. The Agency's contribution would thus totnl S375: O00. is f~;!‘.v _-ustihed

together with the equal sum resulting irom matched lunda, - Q ex;lt:.-.:¢ Ln in "-~ :-.:.~.1on 01755 lo: reasons which will be Szeney Gottlleb, Chief. Tss/ci\C?f‘.11;.llDlVlllOfl. Zlnel, T55, and Dr. orignally The scope of aubprtuec! 35 has not elzanged nrce the Directorof avaleole lpproved a request by 1'55 lo: ,-mrrr-.ianon to aoend $lZ5, 000 ‘ ' - - » - /. I

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./ ,4, 9,,‘ rufflflll through the 5,, urne subprrueu cent:-all and fizoeeduree eleabhahei 35 Ivan eel. up unzlnn the aeope of {' :.;;L;,k.\ Al the arrangements eonsiderauone and cover ‘ , ~,;., “Ln Hm ;r:m, aeeurity and the Olfice of General Counae1aeeiltedinle|a\ ,,,. ._\,.,;,|\y "viewed. 1- r:==.r\ano;:a. Vlneh the exception of fundxng arrangements, no change: in have nnee been made. .1

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I’ $125, O00 are available F mde ta cove:-jépreviouely approvedhave aurn en set ande. The TSS ‘.,‘~ ,,, the 1'55 -:>ud;et lor FY 55 and ',_ 1 ’ ‘o

3",;H, hgwever, leeks {ends with when to co 2 the lupplernental sum 0! < P o'\o and it in zequened that the TSS '1..d;ez be iacreaned by this ‘Supplementary (and; available for :u':proe:t 35 can delimtfly he Qbhgaled by the end of 1-‘Y 55. _

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1 $2 _ H é ‘ ---

AMENDMENT TO SUIPIOJSFT $5. PROJECT PKULTRA Far the Puraele at Elthblilhing 0 Cover Organization lo: Hnghly Senlitlve Prcgectu an the Field oi Biologizfl, Chexmenl and Radwiopell Werhre

¢ 1. Hlek!round of Subgrofeet 35. In January 1955 npprevll wn given by the DC!1.a Subprojeet 35 of Project MKULTRA. The document: which lead to thnl approval (mcluding comment: 0! the OGC) are atteehed heremth an Tebe 2, A end J.

Frejeet MKULTRA in the framework of pracedurea and control: tmder whie h relenreh projects in eertnn hx|hly lenutwe field: ere eueieé out by TSS A deserzptwn oi the haekgruund 0! Prmect MK'JLT3.A mzy be found ea page 1 of Tab A fl-‘r _v, _ Subpraject 35 estlbluhel cover under which the Chemieel Divinnn of DDJP/TSS would eanduct cert:-.n eenntxve project: Sr. the £~.:'.-ls of b\r"ng\t'J1 and ehermcel vvarflre and cannula of 1 ptQpO$¢d arral-.:e:-.e.-.2 wherebv the Age.-.:~: cnvertly co.-ztrxbutea Iunda to aunt — Q

1: the construction 0! I new research wn-:5. Cort.’ ':-.r::r. cl these funcs to to be made through the B u cut-nut la that the ~°.‘.r: rematn - 5 unwzttzng cl Agency plrticxgetmr. tn lhe :--;.:;:-.; ;x:,-urn. Progeets weuld later he earned out by the Chermeal Dnnnon um; the hcilztzel 0! the new research wmg, and Agency emplayeel would be ahle to pa:-nexpate in the wcrk wnhout the Umveruty or the Helpnal Authonttes hem; aware 0! Agency interest. Suhproject J5 contemplated the contnbunun of Agency funds ta aunt in the eanstruetzon cl f3c;‘.\:*.e!. Future reseneh work would be en-ne¢ out through the zl cut-out |.r.d wou\d be sepuatdy funded under unsung procedure» and ccntrolr. W1 the mu"-,.-.¢ ofrfi are descnae: an ;a;e Z cf Tab A. Cr. th: lire ;az¢ Inc.-2 “M. :e found n1u:the: delcrzptaon ol the Q

II. Buxidmi Fund. The Univernty wfll require S3. 00¢. 000 for the nu-story Qddttzén to the huepntal exduswe of the eon af land, heuxn; em: pO\Ief Iupply whxch are bung provxded by the U7uve!'lxty_ Under Pubh: Lru 221. Subspproprutuan

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1. tilled Z6 Augult I954, Iunds are available to fl‘1llCh lurid! raised tor

“Q thxs purpoae by the Univerli!Y-

When 5u'=;.|-oject 35 was first prepared, tt was hoped and expected that the

a fund: requtred would be provided as lollowl: The University has allocated _ Sl, O00, P15 to this project and will asaume upkeep and stating obligations, Q agreed that if the Agency would provide - 5 -

...;;, a grant oi $125, O00, the Fund would match this amount and _

make a total donation of $2$O, OM to the Umverntv Builcmg Fund. A1 that _

‘ time, ciscusstons zrzdacated that 1-oulc contrtbute $530, O03 4- B to t;-.e oi.-.14..-.g ;ro;ect on the bani: that rad: 'ogical research would be conducted in the new win; and that the constru tion of the new (acilities was of interest to that Agency. In swrirnary, th financial situataon was l

_

to have been as follows: B s1.0oc.m - " '3 250, ooo - Donation (tom which ~ I3 $125,000 was sup;-.l\ec by CZA) _" L250, O00 - Matched Funds under Public Law Z21

• 3

_

s<>v.oo<>- I‘

8:. coo, aoo - ‘roux. B ,

It was recognized that the Federal 000 under Public Law 221 would be seemingly inflated bv re.~.s_ ol the inclusion ol the CM '

contnbutzon in that of lt was felt that the value to the Agency was such that this lnllauon o! the Federal contribution was more than justnlicd by the importance of the over-all pro_iect anc that furthermore,

Q t h e snc 1 usion of the CIA contribution in that wag the best means of rna:r.taintn| tecurtty. \ B IIII§- 3 I

m. The original informal eoniniitrnent on!‘ pa‘! c ¢ ,was,3 first obtained .

‘_ ’

through verbal ducussionc with ' wnlch were fc‘-lowed up by an exchange of correspondence between the DCI and Q -

Uflloflvfl-\!¢|Y I1 KM! occupied wtth the contro- " _

vers\ concermng the - C and contznued contact with miiflgbffllhllll resulted in a cctnon than:ould not or would not contrabute to the Buzldlng und, but would be \\. mg to nupport -» an annual research program arnounti g to S50, 000 to $'I5',)€bi\ It il B" ~ . t

' 7 ' 'r -~ 0 _ - n \ . Cory I t ol 1 coPY

Page 131

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known whether this change to policy was suggested Y0 or ~ Q Qhggflgf 5; ggiginated with him. he that as it may, when the chanle la policy became apparent, it was evtdent that additional lunds would he re- quired to eomplete the hospital eonstruction.

IV. Sui-ested Fundin|. ff-

lt is now suggested that the $3, 000. 000 required for the hospital wing he provided as follows: I . - 500, 000 - Donation from S375, 000 supplied by CIA) (including _ I. S00. 000 - Matched funds from Pubhe Law Zll

fromould ii, 000, O00 - TOTAL

The donation E 8 thus eoasist ol the original $125,000 to be supplied by CLA plus the surn of $125, 000 to be provided by the Fund and s supplemental CIA eont:-ihutioa ol $250, 000. Originally Suhprojeet 35 requested permission to make a contribution of S125, 000 to

g the \l\lilt|ll’l[ lurid and approval was given. This approval is eaelosed herewith as Tab 2. The purpose of the amendment to Subprojeet 35 is to '

request permission to eontribute an addztional $250,000 to the building eonstruetion lurid through It should he noted that ’ 0 the total Government eontrihution to the hospital fund still remains unchanged at $1, I75, O00, The iaerease in the siae of the eontrihutaoa _ by the Fund is not out of keeping with other operations of and will ‘ 4 not arouse undue comment beesuse ol its magnitude. The originally approved .

eontnhution has not as yet been transmitted to - original eontribution nor the supplement would he paid and nezther the funds adequate to eomplete the progeet are made available. This eondition

• tfiuntil 6

was lpeetlied hy the DC! in approvtag the original eontrtbutzor. V. Souree ol CIA Funds. l

funds to eover the initially approved sum of S129, 000 are available and have been segregated for this purpose within the TSS FY 1955 Budget {or lleseareh and Development. Insufficient funds rernaui in the 1'55 hudget to cover the .\lP§I|L‘l'H('I'll3PY sum of $230, 000, and it is therefore requested that the TSS \I\"9.<\'t be increased

• -

by this amount and that the increase he made available to 5"“l"¢jeet ts of Progeet MKULTRA. r - ' " -

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Page 132

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VI. Comments by the Office of General Counsel. '

Tab 3 is a memorandum from the General Counsel to the DC! dated Zl December 1954, comrnentin| on Subprogect 35, aod lllllfl‘ io part that there are no fundamental legal ob;eetions if the probable benefits are con- sidered a fair return (or this expenditure. The amendment to the Subprogect contemplates only an increase in funds and in no way changes any other aspect of the proyect. The project has been referred back to the OGC eve: though no change in its structure is contemplated, and Tab 4 contains his . comments. "

VIZ. Justification.

Tlie advantages and benefits accruing to the Agency outlined in Tab A are felt by TSS to provide adequate and complete justification for the expenditure of the additional surri herein requested which brin|l the total CIA contribu- tion to $375, O00. The most important of these advantages and benefits may be summarized as follows: (Fuller explanations may be found in Tab A). .{“"" a. One-sixth of the total space in the new hospital wing will be available to the Chemical Division of TSS. thereby providing labora- tory and office space, technical assistants, equipment and experi- mental animals.

b. Agency sponsorship of sensitive research projects will he completely deruahle. ,

c. Full professional cover will be provided for up to three bio-_ chemical employees of the Chemical Division.

d. Human patients arid volunteers for experimental use will be available under controlled clinical eordztzors within the full ‘u ~< . . ‘ ~ -

• . . _

-8 Subprogcct 35 was originally conceived in October and November of . and the ensuing six rriontlis have indicated that increasing emphasis I954, and importance are being placed on the Chemical Division's work in The facilities of the hospital and the ability to conduct controlled this field. experi- rrier-te under safe clinical conditions using materials with which any Agency cor-irvthon must be eon-pletely dermible will augment _ and complement other P"°lir.\|'ris recent.y taken over by TSS, such V -— H r- --'1 iv @=-iii"-1-in i~~ en; I '.‘5 , .

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Page 133

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132

Itwas oei;inally thought that at least ll months would elapsefinished alter the and buildin; {urea had been raised before the facilities would he could be oer.-rzed by TSS. This lengthy dela-.' ha: new Peer. overcame. e e W‘~r' rs - :.as Ii-lei me JIM-. Cot: w.~.i:.-. hli Fum: will ostenszaiy contribute, he will ine:-. be allowce to use existing space in the present hospital in the new order that he may build up the orgamzation which will later occupy of this advantage wing, This means that TSS will be able to begin to take cover situation within a matter ol months instead of waiting for a year and ‘

~ a hail.

VXXI. Sec-irit','.

Seeurat-,' matters and Aetailt are being eo-ordinated wzth the T55 1.:aisor. and S:-e.i.-ity Oificer. Seeurity of transmittal 0! the lands and cover arran;e- . rrients are described in Tab A and remain unchanged.

XX. Agreement wit! -fr C

• Ias Cfleseribed in Tab A, and the extent

fir?-' ' The agreement with of his co-operation and the contra‘. over his actions remain iii-iehangeel.

X. Resultant financial Savin’,

The total eentributtan of $375, O00 by CIA will result in an additional $375,000 in matching funds provided under Public Law Z21. lt ll (elt that the expenditure ol these total lunds is iustilieu by the importance of the programs whizh will be puraued at the new facility. Even though the CIA euntribuiion is increased under this amended project, the total cl Federal Iunds rev-na.ns unchanged. The use of this facility will allow work to proceed under condiment of cove: and security which would he impossible to ab:-in cleewhere without an expenditure 0! equivalent or greater lundl. 1: ;d.:.iia:. bv £u:=‘.iii; individual pro;ee:s tor this lacility through the zh:.r~,e uill be incurred for overhead enpenae. 11 B-

Q openly sponsored by the - [3 .—.:~ 1'» ?"“'=-" rfwiucu equzv-.‘e-~ , U. S. Cdvernment, it .1» CuhlOIT‘-.1?" to pa) an overheai! rate

u - to '3'. of salaries. However, if a nan-profit fund, such as sponsors research, the funds ‘ranted tor the work are eustar:-.aril~,~ Hind -"MY M pay Ear salaries, equipment and supplies, but not overhead. ' The A .r\~:y thus buys considerably more research lhrQu;.’. '3

-I-i would be the ease il no cut-out were used.

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Page 135

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134 4 ' Tiff’ SUBPROJECT 35 - PROJECT MKULTRA for highly organization For the purpose of establishing a cover Biological, Chemical sensitive pro,ects in the field ol covert and Radiological Wariare

I. Background of Project MKULTRA.

ln 1953 the DC! approved Project MKULTRA which established procedures in certain highly sensitive and controls under which research projectsthe necessitv of signing the fields could he carried out by TSS without apply _ usual contracts. The approved procedures over-all Research and Development budget, and no add.iicna. i-.;.'.cs the Proiect Review Committee are required. Controls established in program (other than the approval o! the Research and Development and special provisions (or signing o! a contract) remain unchanged, TSS. audit are included. All files are retained by 4!-"2-' ' highly un- These procedures and controls were approved since it is oi‘ view that contracts he desirable from a policy and security point interest in this field of en- signed indicating Agency or Government deavor. ln s great many instances the work must he conducted by in- who are not and should not he aware of Agency interest. ln dividuals unwilling to have their names other cases the individuals involved are which remains out ol their control in our files. Experience on a contract individuals in the field of physio- has shown that qualified, competent ' s

sciences are very reluctant logical, psychiatric and other biological sort which would connect them to enter into signed agreements o! any seriously geopardise with this activity since such connection might their professional reputations. _

contemplated that When Project MJ(UL‘l'RA was approved, was notOver it lorty individual of cover. it would he used (or the establishment established under this research and development proiects have been noth framework and have been carried out extremely successfully, points of view. The experience s ls om technical and administrative that establishment gained in handling these pro;ects has emphasised better cover hoth tor the proiects and (or associated Agency scientists oi is ol utmost importance. Eubproiect 35 would establish such cover.

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war incorporated in - '3 has a Board of Durectoca of ax 1'.

members, one 0! wnorn. -ho acta aa Executive ' C D irector ol the Fund. : nu aohcxted (unda lrorn vorioua _ [1 indivxduala to finance a program oi bane reaearch in the chemotherapy ol cancer, asthma, hypertension, puychosornatac diaordera and other 1

l9'5:-6669-Optflttd .

chronic diaeaaea. Since wit.h.the - 3 Chen-ucal Division ol TSS and acteu smoothly acd efliczenxly, both aa o cut-out {or dealm; wnh contractors ire the held: of covert chemical and biological warfare, and aa a prime contractor for certain areal of bnologxcal reaeareh. Progecta prcaeotly being handled for the Agency by the Fund are adrnimatered under the controla and procedurea _

previously approved for MKULTRA.

afl~"i ' ' H1. Back round ol L » c a nnternationfllv kno\wn as a --¢ 1- Q- in rte held c: In 131- can hE'r.a= .r;.-. assc:-.a:e¢ xr. a l'QS€i\I‘\h capac:ty wnh both ll-\ Q Q Q Du-an‘ tne war served al - Q in the Bureau oi Medlcine and S..|-gory m the Navy, Since then he haa rnauntaxned a comulun; relataonahlp to the Navy cnedlcal relearch pro- gram. II TOP SECRET cleared and cutting o! Agency - ¢ aponaorahxp oi me programe carried out by the fund aa are two other member: of the Fund‘: Board of Directora. ~41 __ ‘)4 Id’! At’-F‘ -c» '3...-.1 -’~-"1 # B -1: f;2{'§'L-',.-.'¢E;w0fi'i7‘-,4’.-.-'5 >-.., fa v'1\'~v~u7\-‘--:‘~'é1.-'.>.\»-§1 "1 -—-~-. *- 6'4 .,- __‘- .. .l- x ¢cl:\.-l) Cn.'A;!'.‘. lfl I cA;?.,“:a§.'1 IO flzfit lunql of erernng or :~- -,..-,\ climcal research wing on the enatu-.3 a .-~v- - 1»

The reaeareh mng wall ccnnax of a /7 stones mgh, bu$§¢..':; all $20 leet lung and 50 feel nude. Two-thxrda of the aoaee wall be research labornonea and ofhzea while I00 research beoe v-ll! occupy the remamder. m ;.arnci- - ¢ P an-:1; lh_e lund-rannng rarnpaugn outhned bola». \~.2l -'!Su-K xn h\e h avmg control ol one-awth oi the total apace addition to the bale- m 7- "' ‘.32: to;i-iniq? I " - Bo.-My or: 1.! :5: \ "Q "" Co F y I / 0! Z chpwe -. : .'".*.c 1?‘? \ K‘ ~-»??I;C;: . I >1?‘.| -I.

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merit and general out-patient facilitiel. In thit effort. L ‘~'.'\

'. ham aecurcd the enthuniaotie lupport of the medical faculty aria :r.e oflice.-s ol the Univertity who have carried the preliminary arrangement: {oi-ward to the maximum extent of their resourcel.

V, Financial Situation.

_ The University will require about $3, 000,000 [or the astory addition. '

' ‘ This cum is exclusive of the coat of land and the heating and power aupply, h which are alreaéy available It the Iitei At the present time under Public Law 221, funds are available to match funds raised by the University. The Unii-ersiay has allocated $1,006, O00 to t!~.;s project and will aslurne upkeep and staffing cblzgations. a that if CIA -> C will grant =1siz§.0<>0.\-/in - I5 '" . match this an-.o..r.; an-.' fllane 4 .b.al donation cl $250, 000 to the University -

Building Fund. This A;ency's contribution will be made under the con- \ ditzon that it will be refunded i! construction does not take place.

_ ' TSS has discussed this uituation with ' B '

and has encourage: craze - _

. _

$5.., 2.’-0 t: :r.e 2.-i om; project on the blifl ska: To ¢ -_ an-5’

will he conducted in the new wing, though aware oi our interest in the building, is unwitting of our specdic fields of research - '

.-and individual projects, In summary, the financial situation would be an’ \

follow-I:

_ “$331833 . A

1. . .

_ L’ A (sizs, oco iup'p".i¢=. -.1.-cm) '

1,250,000 - M.it:1-.efi !-.~-ds from Public Law ZZl soc. cot - ,3 .

$3, ooo,coo - ‘rota. Although it it recognized that the Federal contribution of $1, 250, 000 under '- P. L. Z21 ll leemzi-i;!~ i:~..(.ai'-d bv reason of the iriclulion of the CLA contri- - butzon ir. that oi‘ actually the value to the Chi is "‘ /3 c

$250, 053 and not gust $lZ5, D05, the amoiint of C1A's contribution; further- 6 .

more the inclusion of the CIA contribution in that oi ‘.5 - the best method oi maintaining security. '

"='-‘-"-'==--¢ =~= -

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137

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_y - 13152.- Vl. Difficulties Faced by TSS. I

external re- It has been generally recognised (or some time that the the field of covert search activities of the Chemical Division oi TSS in .

biological. chemical and radiological warfare are sorely in need oi proper cover. Although Project MKULTRA provides excellent admini- not aflord cover for strative and financial cover for projects, it does scientific or techr.i:al personnel. M’<UL'!‘RA has been used {or a cut-out and for working "' 8 dealing through I directly with indzviduals as-private companies. The use er. the Iuture will be increasingly lirrnted due to

(a)' The increasing number of people who, albeit properly cleared, are aware of the Agency connection win. - 8 The feeling by iii: the Agency - c iv, employees COHKIC1;-‘-5 H231 (Drs. Gottlieb, — etc.) have no cover ol any sort and C consequently expose him to unnecessary and ,¢a-. highly undesirable personal risk; and '

ffhe widespread intra-Agency awareness o! (cl the nature of the relationship between the fund and the Agency. -

Another serious problem laced by TSSICD as a result ol lack ol suit- able cover is the dzfliculty in planning careers lor technical and scientific personnel in the biological field. A long-range career concept of activzties in this field inevitably includes proper cover for the indii-id-.iai concerned. The a-'aila'oility of research lacilitics ' 8 offer an excellent opportunity is willarig .. ¢ to solve many of the above problems, and able to make any reasonable arrangements to suit our needs. Up _.

to three Cher:-.ical Division employees can be integrated - < WHO’ '::ogram for work in the new hospital wing on the Agenc-,"s projects. Although career planning was not a research consideration when planning the procedures and controls established by Proiect MKULTRA, nevertheless this particular sub;-»ro;ecl, help in addition to its primary obiective, will be ol very great seconoary he-.~.,-,r:-.ilrd ts: F-1 ‘ 7 5 \\ ' ‘

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of the very Iwliward and dangerous in simplifying and elirninatzng many conditions facing certain Chemical Division employees

V11, ' Advantages and Benefits Accruing to TSS. advantages and The contemplated arrangements will _r'esult in many heoelits, including the following:

(sl One-sixth of the total space in the new research — C , - Q wing is to he available to and in turn, will he available to the Chemical Division o! T55. This will provide laboratory and office space, technical assistants, equip- ment and experimental animals for use oi Chemical ’ Division personnel in connection with spscilic future projects.

(h) The cost of Chemical Division projects which are §,;. . to he carried out under this cover will he covered , hy funds made available through Project MKULTRA, -

and projects will be subject to the procedures and controls estahlished for MKULTRA. The _ B ‘as funds will he passed through has been done in the put. in turn will either pay expenses directly or transfer the money to the University for this '

purpose. Zach project will he individually lunded based on its particular budget. and there will he no other continuing or recurring charges tor items such as space, facilities, etc.

(c) The Agency's sponsorship ol sensitive research projects would he completely deniaole since no 4 connection would Illll between the University and the Agency. _

(dl Excellent prolessional cover would he provided (or up to three bio-chemical employees ol the Chemical Division of T55. This would allow open -

attendance at scientific meetings. the advancement of personal standing in the scientific world, and as such, would constitute a |'l\I.’Ol' eflicicncy and ' ' H -a,t'!l¢=G to:{;‘'a‘I.i_ 'll

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(e) Human patients and volunteera {or experimental use will he available under excellent clinical conditzcns with the full supervision of - (I) There would be available the equivalent of a hospital safehouse. I (g) lt is expected that the output ol useful results ' a of the Chemical Division an the bio-chemical field wtll be greatly improved through the more efficient use o! technical personnel who would be able to spend more o! their time on actual laboratory work. "\ qr, -n B

(i) Excellent facilities would be provided for recruiting new scientific personnel since < members of the Chemical DlV‘.I|Ofl working under this cover will be in daily contact Iith members ot the Graduate School oi the University. '

4 (j) The regular University library and reprint serviee will be available as a source of technical inlormation.

Vlll. I-‘undii-.5. .

is proposed that $125,000 be granted to It ll " I; approval in granted, 1'55 will arrange for payment to be rnade under the procedures and controls of MKlJLTR.\. These lundl would corne

— out of the presently approved T55 Research and Development budget for FY H55 and no new funds are l.-volted. The funds would be translerred as a gran: In ' all ri-.at:h these {uncle with an equal amount and donate a total oi $250, O00 to the University as outlined in paragraph V. The sum ol H25, 000 would be entirely in the nature ol a grant and would in due .--:-1.-.-end to: . I~v|-1 -- i. . '.'f'n? an 19"’: ,-41 ~‘\ '

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I ‘ ‘-' u .§I'.;-Y‘: O00, O00 raiaed for the construc- course be merged with the entire SJ, retain no residual interest in the wing. The Agency would tion of the or facilities purchased with this building or title to any equipment money. Agency's entire participation in This single grant will constitute the be no recurring obligations in the new hospital wing, and there will 1 the hospital or additional grants. Trans- . the form oi annual support of _ Q' Q will be made the’ ’ mission ct Agency funds cover..chan.i-iels set up by tnrou; previously established !-.

The donation or. - H“ u: similar transrriittals in the past. received from - '3 ;;‘<s will be shown as having been O

are ln the luture when T55 sponsors sensitive research projects which -

to be Carried out it ;r=;==t .. 3 ,_¢n-.-,- t;-irougr. as it has ‘

will be individually lina.-iced established procedures _

past accordance with previously been in the in Develop- of the annual Research and and controls using allotted portions totally unwitting of Agency ment Budget. The University will be sponsorship, and the progects to every outward appearance will be "‘ C ‘

sponsored

In the event oi being and any activities under this pro_;ect

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death.-vill continue in through will be continued - 5 _ sand will be unallectcd by his death.

IX. Memorandum o! Agreement. ' Q be signed with A memorandum of agreement will posliblc the arrangcments under which out‘..ri:r.g to the greatest extent will be made available to Chemical the hospital space under his control Division personnel and the manner in which cover will he provided and - _ will be signed since other benelita obtained. No contract Agency's contractual ti rm: in his — 3 would be unable to reflect any ol the rriisea the arrangements with the University when dc.-.atior. in question. memorandum oi agreement will be reiained The in T55.

X. Sccuritv. colordinaied with the 'l‘SS/ All security i-ria'iers and details are being O \ Liazsen and Svcwr z-- C\'f::c. .

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XI. ‘Resultant Finaneiaisavini. .

The $125, OC0 to be contributed byBuilding CIA plui the $125, O00 in matehing fund: Fund wi-.1 be more than oflaet provided under P. L. Z21 to the thas nun-profit \vh::!-. wit‘. result fret: use of in a few yearn by the lavinga . other educa- B " fund. I! a research project at tionai nan-profzz uzstztution is sponporec :y me 1.‘. S. Government, it to pay for nlar-.es. ¢q'-it."rte:$, rs customary ior the Gaverament .- B cverhead ac well. lr: the cane of _‘

i\s_:,-,‘.1e5, etc. and (or However, u A nan- : 80% nlarxel. the overhead amqyats to cf research at a - 3 pr::.: x:-:-.c'anor. sue!-. the work are cultornarzly nor.-profit xnstatutxon. the iunds granted for equxprnent and supplies but not for overhead. used to pay for nlarxea, considerabiy more research through The G»;\'eP'.!'.°-29.! dollar thul buys be the ease if no cut~out were used. —B zhan would

X11. Le¢a'; Matters. fl‘? ’ the Cliice _A Thu matter has been diaculsed as fully aware of all ceuns a..:rcur'.:hn; tl-.;s -

of General Couneel, and he gram.

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The ,~\1r|-can cl this tn w:.| to make artaagemcntl for tin- ::u‘:a. Lu X. . 5 doling out ~..i been uuaa It-910 prcvnoul none: ma =u:.. -4.; ;...=1y to tn.= luau oi tau van. 1.1- he ptO~ pu-cu umlell aeeutcia gly. =:-.= as would nut 1» ' . Q 2. n. vane ¢=;1=.a.m\ 1 poluihla ta carry over Iu.-.13: br,-0:.-1 t;.: ca} oi the c'.\rr¢.\t 21:»-.51 year. Thneicru all vnelz would have :0 5: carnploted and all pay- rue.-.t| made g-not ta 35 Jzr.-2. 'l'.‘.L: é-:c.‘1ine a.p::r:-5 uc:=.\-able to and at waa agreed Lu! l 10111.; mum my £..:;l vun th.-.r-. to Iain, ncewe report: and attezu: ta final scum: an Lb Luau. an --.d D have 5 current Q:-uncut report, but he ut:::.ato$ that luau: eurreatly an Hana Iouli be about n;£.'.iu'na: lee re.?.ai.-.;n; oxgeaétturca. I10 agreed to menu‘ lac ;'0c::\y nilua tn nut 10 Qzya a more exact oute- jag. mqnt cl cur:-mt bnlance and luttnatnu tem:.;.'_~~.'.3 e.r.pcm.ii:ur'.'s. X tried ta impzen ea lum strongly an-.: Basia: oi u:.:i:io:.\l iurzdl and!

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bean aeaaplnel (§ut only 4 have been ttaaecrucd {ram the 9-a,>u|). In \d.;m:A were an 8 C1iQl in p:e_-tc:| lol Inst: two an alrcaay ta latarvmw and 6 are mortal up to the punt of having the huts al question: '

prepared). It was 1;:'::J ua ta meet tan deaéhne In would have to Luau the dcugn to thus: Z6 canon.

1. It lo lppa:-cat mu‘ an I0 involved in the a<3::zni|tr:tivo

problem: 0! the propct that In an wt ;|.yu:; any vxenuou ta :50 naulu. Since to uztc 9:23: 6 eaten huvu been t:a.r:l:r;'a-rd 1.52:0 u nu way at :-1Lu.; wlut 1| :er.u:.g; out 0! ll. lauumo taera vera no :.*:':.:1;:a: :4-.~.c''o::. Le- caune L10 \:u.>rv.¢w¢r| \:‘a.:\d Lava l\.t rum know ataut t:e:n h;. they e:.nr;¢:1.

_ It ll ;o:n':Xa. E:-acvlr. t..:t our $210 nallyzu cf 1.50 data any d2:d;e up lamtthlng of v:J.-.0. llllwujb 1 am subtiul on than pomt.

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Dee: Flt. ‘l'he‘expe:1aent designed to test the effectiveness of certain zedinzicn in caunng lniiviiunls to releue gua.-dad La- faaatian an been cc:;.ezei in ac:::::a:::e with the arlgznel ex- periaentel design, v:::. t..¢ 1-zreption the: 25 ans!-ea: of 3C case: Q; :;.-- -- were usei. 2:1: zatter was .ils:u.sse¢ la aare detail 1: zy letter of July 15. Abifiriiti an ell 25 cases, :rans::':ptLo::s of‘re=10 Ln- tervlevs, Hechsler-Bellevue Intelligence ‘Zest: ;1ver: at hm- pltal end. ;.-ev1:;".;s1,v ;1ve1: at tau cll:.L:, pas:-experlzenzal re:-.i:1.-.3: an: eveluatlan meets, end e schedule cave.-Ln; me drug ed.':;.-.;st.-atlon rmve all beer. eubnltzed to you under seperate cover. - .

bclosed 1: e fine.-.:1el szntenezt which rep: sent: the flnel e:co-.:.:1.'.; of the !'\:::l: allocated by you fa: use Ln 21.1 pr-o;e::. It, for your pu:;~ose, you require e more deteile: eun- lery of '-he: speczfi: pr=!ess1:r.e.'. setvicee were perta:-:e:'. or aore detail with reference to travel expense: or my owe! ltea, kindly let no know. '/ '

Hi ’ You will note, 1.: this connecsion, flat tr. -as ccapensated 1:: an eaaunt ex:ee¢L:-.5 t.-.a'. :a;:: :1: Sr. Er lfl "'

ves c::as1:ne¢ by the feet L‘-.2: sfe-at :~;:':. t1-- :.-.=~':;.- 4-"

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3° Jwvlrr 1961

IEMOEAXQWJ Fa TE a£:ORD _

_ SUBJECT: Project IQCULTBA, Suhproject B2

1.. Subprojeet B2 is to be__eonti::ued tor the sane punaoses as vhen originallfestsblished: to support °°""‘ .2, ' and realistic tield trials of certain research and develcpzent iteaa oi’ interest to ‘I53, and to maintain the physical facilities required for

fi_i';-." - these trials. ‘

1. In the past year a number of covert and realistic field

' .

trials have been successfully carried out. The results of these

experiaents have provided factual data essential to establishing protocols for a nunber of conte:plsted operations. A continuation oi’ eovert and realistic field trials are necessitated by the production

of new nsterinl: in TS!) program, particularly in areas requiring

detailed ‘enovledge of the effectiveness and efficiency of delivery system. Additioml trials are also necessitated by the need tar _-i--. .- -- -

better controlled "field-type‘ experiments. ..._

1. The estiaated cost of the project is 85,®O.'OO tor a period

of six aonths. Charges should be node against Allotment ll2S-1.390-3902. k. ‘Accounting for funds and equipment under this subprojeet has

been established on a detailed basis vith the auditor and Will continue as in the past. , I

5‘ 4. 1 +

Page 153

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1; cporoved for tor s:P:.': by the -

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‘f;-'15- '5 - operates under cave: for purpose: of 1'. his nub pr o‘ecY.. ,

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Date:

Distribution: O:1;1:'.a1 only .

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._-amen-n-; In - ¢,>’ - , \

PE-ZCPJJIDUP. FOB THE ESIDRD

suaazcia Project m11:m;., Subprcject 1.2 1 0

1. Subp:-eject. L2 is bein-' er‘. =.‘:-‘fished to provide Icr the

ccntinued suppcrt of and as such, is I ccntinuation of S-.~!---~~=~ 1:5 Under Subprcject. 1,2, 1:,

5 is intended that zr. be moved X'rc.-flu‘ I 11-..- . ese fac ..1..¢es, *1»;

in u-.e new locazicn, min con:-.nue an 1::":v'.:e I means for the realistic testing at certain R and D izeru of 1.n:.eres¢. to c:/rss and APD/TSS . C’ Q-*6“

' 2. Subproject 1.2 will 1» conducted by .~:=. V a eea:na.n. Certain supper: acziviucs vri.L‘L be prav;-er. Dy CD/‘Z‘SS and AFD/T55.

1. he estinzed cost. fur a period of one year is

se,3oc.oo, st.art.$.r.g_ 1 March 1955 ' 0

. 0 .-

%" 1

\,\Z.-2% G~TTL:"-3 >

Chief T35/Chemical Division

AEPF.CV'I.D FLH OHLIGATICN LPPROVB FOR ADDITI ORAL °F W55‘ \ uauamon as (s2,oa9.31») ‘ ""'-"7 w 1.7--1~ - "

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Page 155

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v I $.72?!’ : Pre ecY.—H.'U!.'Z?.A, Subprojcct L5 ~‘».4 _ -

$0.1. 4-0‘ -ass I I L - e -- :.- The scope at this propct. is 2.1- $.:2.e:-~ 1. ‘ u.»-'. v"‘ns -.- nu‘. engaged .1 by 1.... t..:se 1... its ova hail- .10: res: u- "' c 73:, C‘:e:...a.. -1-: 1.: ‘ T!‘ e uativ“... cav d...l'e:‘-:0.-. b1oc‘u:i:;l $.nvu'.i;l'1on take ma 2:1 0!‘ t-‘:00 lint: of manly, the c..r|.rl like effnct 0 :c't.|.L:a t!~.io":, L‘: p e;|:l q'.::.c Lacs ad Lnfialc nh.c.¢:, nrd -. tier. of hvt-oieaui ' ‘ co:tLm.e_¢ Indy 0. L}: 0 c..: " cc ,=u.. :1 1:n.d“t'or.t.ct.l"I ... - - p'eae:' b‘e1o¢‘...nl Mating nrd ll- ‘*

lbove i.nvn$.igl!.‘an:, Q-ho club:-1 ed \." bren.‘.ere* be inc .140 uy"n| tn“.-;q..c: W11 be :‘'m|¢:i: 0:20:24 at :¢=po\-.5 rt ca.-‘:=vu.;-.mr 1.6 0.-vca. lulu.-1; fro: Y-B0 nbovc prorps Ire:

1. 11:0 uttacwé p:':,cn. 9'1‘ .:.a !a:..:'.L0: v'_1.l allow

the #1-cut of Q10 L-.vc:‘-‘;n.i::s dove ope‘ 1.: 00 9.-ce Linn M: to cu-7 out an tho :n'.c 11.: p&.'r"~" ’ 1- -1 11 as :0: ‘~. 0"- of rese:|:=1- re 0: ed ‘ so-rs: llurinla of 1.:.‘..c"e:‘ to 1'55/IS. D:v'.a.:n n.¢ ;:=v flu :on- 1.: \"/ this as 5 genera‘. eon:-..t.a: to Age-.-7 cut-out tncilitiu to 2.3: t.h.‘.: pr-010:9. for 1 p¢r’o£ :.' =:c re.

1. Tho tau. cos‘ of at as

will not I:-cod $53,802.00 A the press-.' t:.':e, tr: bn..|:.-0 o!' the 1.0.1.1 to bo $42,002.00 is bong cc;-Aztoé, an _____ - :0:-;f-ad at 0 Inc eh . C’ - - bee g-cwd 0 ‘G? S2527 clam.-1.20 -~- 1:‘ 1: ...'..'.y cn,,n..e o" prozccun; ch: :0:-say - by the A; Ln ‘LE1: at‘. r. of the So-2.-:e:' a Ln‘-crnsi

;§EE§VIi'-§-vs:.'e$r"f'1. ‘*5; 155,- C!-.e..=a. ‘.'.‘-v:.: en -¢,.-- F’? CSLISA. 1.4‘! APr:'._ .:...¢ ' LP‘? C‘-"ED CF FTTCS

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Page 156

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)fl2flL\.‘®3H IQ: TEL‘ 51:00‘-D -‘ SUBJECT: Subpro 4-=2. L5 Q

Q .

is £::;.u:.:!ad to onconpasn a;1 than Tho nape at this project.,"‘-.~'-»~2w-— 6 " new mil; Gd in by th n

1. .--1 -:55,- -4;L-.- L33.‘

'

nct£v1..u Ac?-ivitios u.n we 2:21 under QM diruetion of ‘I55/CD. Thou .

the f-\|:u-0-like urn L1-nu at bio:hu=tr:|J. Lnvcatigltlan, auuly, at of wtagcmtd qu.:w1.:ns cfhct of curtain m=1a, flu Fl’OplTlH.ul 4 .

cftoxic cerebral uad Lndolo alkaloids 1:4 I prcpu at ineludl bio-canny ad ehuial invosiiption This Inst 1.510“-igltion fill £1: vhieh carat:-I1 tannin analysis at vuiéiza bob fluifia of minis progna to qnduvor to l\JY-0:

luv 0 been produced. It is the 1.1.8 at 2-P4: u mi av.» duliriua, un=1c .. mdlrsund the nebula at luck poifis:-.£:g.taxi: '

In order to eactiaua tho 6 cum, 0:4 cc rub:-:1 uf-lblishod ' toxicity {run ' cc‘-111 on of \.:.%¢-1 -1- mm: ' u lv\‘l-thin

• 1 .. A me

pool of su':‘ect: £02 Y-ants; purposes, .:.¢ _ nets of eozpoxnds ruul Ln; "' ‘ tron tan shun progru vfll ) be nn;:ncd. £2e=ud.Leat¢a up

1. flu atufisoé prcpoulthat his h:Li;t1u u-12.1 allow ht: B

chat of the Lavoatigntiauu _

urn nurinla dunlapoé in {ha 12:00 Lian of nu;-:3 pa:-‘put one, 1 v-1.1 u curtain other ntoriala :2 out on thn tutu-rd to Lntcrut 9.0 1.: n pan-1.1 connluat er.»-4% h:L1:'-in *: the awn u ta this Division uaé provide: con: ca: Agaaq. -

1. he zeal eon; at this projoet for

I pried at on: you will an u.-nod $100,000. Cgcgu should be and: quart Llleuuz ' 6-2562-1G_-O01. - , - L. nan:-y scanni- bun nquutd to |un‘t 0 nnilablo of theaafinull until report be ado for 2:; or‘: car; bu been rcqvuatcd mat my unu- tn; spouse:-‘n :.n:,':ec'.:a:. Also, u the Agency. it.

pondod £\=¢l shall be tutu.-ugd Title (4 my pox-taut oquipaoat purshls dby f 2:ds gr\."‘ed..

-35,11 bg giuigd by thl .

-r. lieu of highcr overhead nus. _

¢ other than in aativitiu no a cut-out

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yrccedz.-res are baud Jcrgcly upon c ;;ur:-7-.¢r cw-cl;/01.0 of ;haua of

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la tza acute or :hr:n:.c phases. An:-ml ccloctc ccreefitn; an: ;.-c;e<' t::i.-rtty a:::.'1.n,cf then ¢o.'n;0w\$l ac. hcrezcforc. , _ Chmtcs.’ agent: that h:=c bua fear-.:.' cczuac and Inahtn a .

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aamcwmo METHODS 1.-cvou/tn '

.-‘~.-.1r-- 919 Q l .: I .; Q Q it:-.1J v . s ""-'*\'o'-I» ,_; o:;... ~r?~,' ,‘ ‘ '- Q} I . -/»<;-~1 -”‘!.!-

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Page 160

-I‘ 1---.~ .-e.. sfl-~;-‘" 159 ’-L1" .2‘ -'“. ' -~~ M!-:.\eoPA:~:r:u.\a FOR; -rm: ltcolna - l

• --_-

-‘I-Cl! -

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‘ s:-225*‘ SLBIECT 1 Contznuauon oi M¥.L'L'fP..\, suhpeqeet no. ¢;—

those letivitiel _

1. The scope of thin eubprgeet iaeluden 1!!

no-0 engaged in ‘

• S; : >

exeeptiau of thoee cutout ; _

under the direeuon of T£‘.~.‘f'f.D with the eentzeetien with ether MKL'I..TR.\ lunctiozs speciE‘.:a.1‘.-/ mentzcned in

In general. the reneereh efiart under this :ub;:c;ect lub;r:;ects'.

will ecntinue along the Han hid down in preview yelre. Then and elimee! evgluatian involve the sj.'::t':.es€: anfi ;t.;-.r:r.eca1ogica.Z know.-. to have appljeazian ef es:-:-.;ou:da 0! than *.i-;._ ..a 1 .a:.ihes :!:e.—..-- '

"K" belie. During the put ynr irnportaat in the peyehiehernical and etreuor eernpountl prcgreu has beer. made in the are; related to to the physiclcgica‘. pethwlye ané the relationship of then mateehls to it are mediated in '

threugh ‘hick ha!-. siren av-.¢ the reaetiae -

hei:;:.' '.l.s is indieatefi i: the ettzehed pmgcsgl, nu?-nu? hu.m:.:-. ' fl:_e paint where more defiaitive of the pest year has ;rogree|ed tn be en-rieé out. Pei:-..ui.ly expert:-.e:t| 0: the strut reacticn cg: ¢?'.l:iCt¢?i:l2iOn of le'-'e:a.1 new than was hro-ugh: ehout hy the I ll end the applica- materzah erhiel: ;rodace elreee reaction in humane L1

Pi 2'1 °. \-; =.. meta:-is of measuring the extent oi the H1!

ticn of 1;.-.:r.e new elimeal p. 1!

more ll’ 1‘

K‘

Dueil-.3 tne next year prepcrtio.-.a1ly /\ '1" M 1&1 dzaurbanee produced. 10

;::‘:!e= u! the ¢eve1e;:':'.enl of new 1.‘

H1 -_ S9 e£!::t will be ex‘-.e:£ed 5|-. the :1;

• an L--.._

-—-*""’4

. . cL\!fl\

- emm

E7 ,_

7-*1‘:-- ‘f'~I-" P ‘ 4 \ ..~v’.=.$ - 1 ,.I jk .-_'.. 5 ‘ .‘a-. ‘Q. 1.- .-¢ -1'L~ , »

Page 161

160 _.>

...-.__.---—-'- IIQQ "" "I-IOIQOQI" eypee or -‘once atnea pvugeoae rune been nlowce

0 in delireblt ln thin direction and because a new apprnech to the F ' problem nee been worked -nut.” 0 . - EO ‘

Z. also nerves‘ no e general consultant to

eeneitive nature on an ad hoc the Agency. provide: eervieee of a procurement probleml. haeie, and eerwee ae a cut-nut in

The total cnet of thin project {or a period of one year 3. ¥o.:-r-'- n ‘

be made egeinet will not -=5.‘-¢ $71, S00. 00. Chergee ebould '

Allotment oszs-wee-4902. C bu been requested to eubmit a eummary 4. report for the '

eccnunting or a copy of the Fund’! annual eudit

• lponenr‘| infpectinn. Alan, it bee been reqeeeted that any unexpended

'»: I

funds ehall be returned to the Agency.

Title to any permanent equipment purcnzaed E-_: 52:4: 5.

• granted -nu 1» retaineé
• v _

, in lieu of higher overhead retee,

, . 6. It Ina mutually agreed that documentation and accounting reimbursable nyflD for t:a\-3 expenses which are norrnally

conform with the accepted practicee of the

Fund. '

t=.—..:rr-in \== BZI¥fY§'.E!Tl.'~.l

27 e;'.‘.::r1t'r of: 18%?! <:t:: .'-ac 19*‘! __________--—@-' 157675 I2 1:221: CL I‘!

‘ ‘

.

1 1.

Page 162

I

161

XQIAIHII FOR: " 1 £085 ' ‘

., .__ § lmmi Cmtimntia d |cn':.:u, 0-‘mi:-6,;-=1 n. :5 - — - an

: _

1- he nip of Q1: auhprejcét tneludnl than letivttiol -

B" 1.1.1

' in ..~.¢ u », \: -

/

• - min flu Anetta at 2%/ll I1?-H 3.hn0§eI7€iba 01- about eutvat—

hnnzcna lpeu'1ca.L1y lnueuné La eonneucn with ct-hr II-‘EZRA I lubprcjcca. In papal, the aaccah offer! 1:14;: this l‘\i§)2OJ0€% '.

fl.L1:atL:|unn.1a¢thn1Lnn1LL46c\vI.Lnpav1aa)u:a.&nu -

lsvoln the cyatbuil at phuncnlogza-I and e1.:.n1a-‘. utlu-nttcin at expand: at thou mum 23:11:: hen to hm nppnatia Ln thl plyflutlllell CM ‘I’ £10145. :33; you 1% Ll )1-I-IIIG Gil‘!-B‘ Git

to caeent.-I14 an 6.15:1‘; Q flu ma gructial upcu at fin ‘.56?’ "beaten? pubs. hoop In punt nbnuaau Inn been nntlahlo 1124:; to Qh lush l chap Lnacghuu .vnr.h¢i.1.g. Zn 6&2“:-$8 O’ vi?-héile-hl:'pI.tnbauJ.4iolotai$&tannLaf'.::l;agandntl C ct.‘ vt1:h amen. )0 hart? cl.p1eth4 at ;rc,1¢:t

B::n2\c1J.1.t1\I!.l.lbnyu.rs\.\Idnt:.nthcfiz=a.:\. ya-an

nus it my In anus.-7 to lupplcnat Q0 ska“ cf this |uhprc,)oet

C, 2.£10 £rau.-zcu_dnr1.agthn;oc&nY-o1.a:.rnnuet|:::pn- urns an fpanal anal!-damn: an tk Q In all ho: Baa, Ayn:-7, pa-anal no:-nan at 5 uuttizu not-an

I8 urn: ll I euwut 2.: pecunnnt yuhhm.

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Page 163

¢

162 _.|~

3.$50 um; 0000 qr an puns tn’ 0 rnd If III not -11-I not named $hc,ooo.uc. an-pa lhaull in n@.1.n§\ Minimum

1125-1390-3902.

6 |

¢-\ _

. ~ _-- ‘

0¢eu\|nt1.ngorAeep1aft.hnN:4‘n;naun1ou|l&\n9ofl-fortho / |pcuer'l fluwet£a- LI-IQ, it bu inn nqunhfi that gay unuylunht m_nd.|nh\2.1hnturnnd\ot.bcAgcn:7. V’ »

purnhncd vy fund: gnaud , ‘ 5. Tltll to my prnnoat oquipeat

Q qmaawnuauw-u». hubs: awrhnd nun. J5 in Um cf P

1. It nu mtmLLy flat laaanauuy ad necaating for

"' u-an; cspunu which on nanny nznburabla '07 01.1.’. canton nu an accepted pnctteu at ha had.

C210! ' E/Renata! )1-nah APPROVED FOR OILIGASZOI Q IU!l'B: 1+ -

-- Sauna Danna: '

Dun -

Atuasat: Payout}. all Iadgnt -

‘ nuu-:.w=1=n= Original. =1;

\

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- ,‘;. ,3! I1. v.r,' . - ~ 4/"J ..;~

q -_ ~. 2~ '25‘. -.| - \ -

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Page 164

163 ;- , :L . - . I E;,___.. -v\1.2», ;',.. ..-. .

__

-if--» _ / .

1-’ h’ naarr .

--?..=- - ‘_\,

."-" q<.“.,

. \-\:~;"*

.‘ ’\l~a’§{E~ 1.1 . ‘._; . 24 January 1964 \ ‘It'-

'

J; ‘ms nzcoan / /:,“37><1~‘7:.‘ —/V0 |cz.\:cn,\.\m.'s: son = . I/v,:.,_¢..‘

I in -

Subproject . sunazcr .'

|ncu:.'mA, = , A31 :{5.\;- . ‘V ,

;.‘.) __-‘T1?

1. This subproject is being estalplished for the purplosa '

:1- ',z.r- " \. I 0! supporting realistic tests of certsin developrent ijeis ans s r I I ' ’ 4

delivery systess oi interest to TSD-'38. ,

1. During the course oi developaent it is sometimes I

found that certain very necessary experiments or tests are not

Ijuii-=' “ suited to ordinary laboratory facilities. At the sane time -\ ‘I1 it would be difficult if not impossible to conduct such tests _ as operational field tests. This project is designeo to pro- vide a capability and facilities to iiil this intermediate

w requirelne nt. _.

1. The activities under this subproject will be con-

ducted by Hr. an individual in the import and C, _ export business, 31:-. holds a TOP "

SECRET Treasury Department =1.-i-z.-.¢= and a SZQRZT Agency

Pw ' 1 approval. He is cozpletely Iitting oi the aims and goals of his activities. I" 4 \1r wssesses unique Iaciliues and personal ' 3

abilities uhicr: makes hm invaluable in this ki::¢ oi testing operation. Hr because oi ‘hi! p'ecu1i:u-..t.ale::s aua ‘X .

:1‘-.~':'~ - ;- \ - P ....‘, 1-. J 35..-I34‘: . -

".f':;:=-___-

;—.‘.'r -- '.-. .. -. ¢ . -. . ..'v:‘> > I,‘ 1e .'. ;{:‘F_

Page 165

164

‘ capabilities as eelL as his excellent connections with ell the local lav entorceient agencies, will essential capability. sident ot 02 Because Ir. of provide a unique end as no longer

area, it is necessary that a

suitable replscesent be provided in order that a capability re-a

!or continuance of our activities be eeintained. ‘

The estimated coet of the pron:-t_ia $10,000.00 for 5.

a period of one year. Charges should be sade egainst Allotment Number 4125-1390-3902. Beieburseeent will be made tor services rendered. ___ ___

1. Accounting (or funds advanced and any equipment under

this» subprogect Iill be in accordance eith accounting proce - ‘ ‘ T3 ll ures established by the.'-,,_,§94""~v;~\ez'$-'~-1&7?/I

1. A lesorandus oi agreesent elong lines eetab sbec by -

' previous audit recommendations in like situations will be ..

- executed. .7

1 ‘$1Z21 ‘T ‘R. i"*'_;~-'- ‘ -

,.¢f' ,,_;--'.<‘.'--" é. -

n TSD/Biological Branch

Distribution: Original only

\ *

Page 166

I ~

_‘ 165

$13323: Request tar Support at Research en the )hehan1In at lrnn Ccncuaaun

1. This is a request for financial supper-t far research on the neehanln of

bra'.n euncussmn for the penned 1 Feb 1956 to 1 Feb 1957.

1. The resananee-cav1.t.at'.an '.!:es:7 upon which this research as tc be based

6 has beer. presentes in the proposal sub-|.'n.ted to dated Z? Harm". 19$“.

1. as or-i¢L~a‘.1y sub-Titted esttnated the duration at the program

‘the pr-agran ta be frur three to five years requesting a teal at $72,109 for the 1.r.iu.a1 year.

At tre request 0' tlae a re-du:ed budget was lu&.‘.‘-ted

5 T IF‘ d'-:‘~,.:"" a-:~..'\ting to ..

a~.;;.;::-. $24 ' 92$. was then awarded to the t..“.is pregrar. {rm 1 Feb 1955

ts . .-e: 195:1.

1. The px-egress use to date under the above ecnu-act car. be nmea:-1:05 as

{ell evs

,,¢,,.-—-- 4 A. a.=sazr.:-: n:n_r:':zs

( l The tolluvtng research facilities have been establzsneé far the investigation at the very diverse aspects at Lhe prablans ha;-.5 atudzed:

5 -.:=:%@ , feet of laseratary ard o!.ice A\.:‘.:2 at -, . :;;a:-e s,-nee the divers-./set mextnez-y and apparatus eq~n;pee'. with L-.::h of necessary for research Ln this field. '

b. Blast Range .

A blast ra..;e \-0 k ee..c e.cl------she-J ~\‘i meated _

‘

1. 0:

a;~;.r:xi..-.a‘-ely the n\..-..*. .aa;.--'.;:-_.-, This 6 area is owned by me Ls elcsed to the public. Three blast test.-series have been run to date. - Arr - '--'1: .>.;~.-» tee-. -":-: with t!-e Wm» use of t.~.e;.- hx.';.'. css:-vcrs. A ten an.-a has been a:.-ignet for thin

“I x\r\-'*|~-5 r.-~—..,.d"' IIL Ll- . v,

• .-

.~: 5 " -

W»- /.:.':> M£Tu2S‘5 |-\:-.'c-_v:a

Page 167

.-0

166

‘ff’-- 2,: .._'

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'

a.n:zscmrn.~ Both full-tuna technical plraanncl and part-tun pr-otcsslcnal raacarch poraonnal have blah acqulnd and Lndoctrtnatd rclatlvo‘

10 their apacflic function. ,

I

M I

C. 1'BCH.\‘IGL1. PRCIZRBS ~

Poll:-ring is the tachnlcal prngrua nada under thc current é contract : _

tasting tachauquu x a. Spactallaad lnatnmentatlon and nwncrou: hava been dcvalopad to obtain tha 40:11-ad qnanlc data.

b. Ounsiicrable data has new been obtained supporting tha ___ nsonanca-caviuatzon thaury of brain concu-aaion. ’ data has been obtalnad 4'3 ' c. Prcli.-A.nc:7 acceleration threshold Ia: a fluid-flllad glass auuulatad lkull. of d. ht-I has bean obtained on thn nature and the nagnltudaaubpct ~ press-so nuctuaticns \r1t1'~.A.n a glass sznulatoc skull ' to clthar unpact or lcund vavu propagated in I-tr.

Q. atudlas have been nada on the amulltcd glass _skul1 1:-.‘.tial attcn;ting ta estatllsh the cavitation patuarna {er vanou: , types of impact.

the aam as atated in tha 7- The ;r:;~:sed nethcd and ;r:>;ra.-n plan train dalctlor. at the in-.c.-slan at-lgznal prcpcsal, except fcr the tanporary blast. atudy. can be uvdicatcd by the The current level of aetivtty on this pfojcct ’ B. nest racer-.t balling tafhcg for tho month of Novcmbcr, which anauntad _ $0 $1-b,O}'~.61. is raqucstad that at laaat

1. In the lnturcst of efficiency and econury it year.

this level at actzvity be namtaincd {or tha cantn;

WARNING 1\r\"'

& ff’-" '

--.1.-.»c§:r:c: ‘

. %._ _ i -0 P-'£1'n0:s n:vo\.\':9 ‘

X

Page 168

• 161

V

..-.. lO.Q

• a

lulu-ra4\ an-vsunfnn-‘Q Yul usalaunu Pl-lacuna: _

" ‘- l§..l frottar, V. Icflnes brain §1;n:n:a1on 01:’ --R Orson!-tally '

transient Itate due to haafi tr.Juq' u.-ach la of tnstantanzoua onzet. manifests vidczpread syr;-Lo.-s of purely paralytic kind. does not u su:r. ¢Ofl'pf1!Q any evidence of str.-ctural eerehral injury, In‘. 1: 11'->-rs f:Ila-..~o: b-: a.-'e:'_e frr the actual ncnert gt‘ the agci:e-.'.."

10.2 The lrplicatxon of the underline: portion of the above sta'.c-e.-at is that U‘ I technique were dense: to inure brain concussion Iithou‘. giving either advance vz:-hing or ea-Jain; ezte:-..a1 '

trams, the person ups: re-:::ve:-.- uni: he unstle to re:all ;h;/szcal war. had ha;~pened to him. Under these ccr-:;'.ic.-.2 the sate te:h:.i;".ae of pr-c»i;.:;n; the concussion cc".-1:1 be re-use: many tines without disclosure of its nature. 10.J First, considering the po::i‘:11itie: of direct 1fi;I‘:'. to the head, g.'b<~1;r, it shalt be poss;‘:le fro‘-. the Ii.-.:;r.g-. of thzs resea:-:h pr:;.-or ‘.: dezemine the folio‘-ir.g= '

a. QF‘.Lr.ur :es:gn of 2.-.;a:'.1ng an-1:». b. Opzz.-.-:. poznts of L-.;a:t on :'<-.21 or body for the :;ee'..'i= e!.’e:‘.s desire!" e. Intens;‘.y of the blow for the e:'fe:: ¢e:‘_re:.

£5? _

' ' 10.“ In re;ar:' to the pcteztial L-epaeti.-.3 devices, there are oer‘-.ai:a design requsitosathat are a;;arent at ti-.1: tine:

1. The in-,-act should be delivere: nut;-.:ut

ldva.-.:e warning. B. The area of i.1;ae‘. and for-:0 distrihution Ihfiilf be such that aurteee tra-ma does not occur. 1:.The intensity of the L"-pacti.-:3 !:r':e and its duration shcuifi he such as to obtain the deszret e.'!'e:‘t.

1. The !e'~';:e shoz.-L: be as small and as alien‘. '

as possible. 10.5 The s;e.:i.':c irrp-l:‘.1ng devices night table the form of any of the fol}:-1;.-.3: ~

a. A ;an:ake type black-Jack giving a high peak '

X.-pa:t force with a low unit a:.'r£‘a:e pressure.

D. Co.-nealed or cu-="...'Ia;e: spring-Isaded i.-,;-2:11.-.3 4 devzrez that trigger upon ce.-.ta:‘. with the heaa.

(oragana; and sole ecry :l;;;)

Q

'

Page 169

168

‘I ‘ P".J..\\‘. ‘U’. \P§I\-Jr 0 Ola using a a-an ehot niiee ea:|: |-:2 ' ' Z",;;§.:‘:';,.

contact with the d. An explosive pad detonated in head or the body. \

'

possibilities of exciting the resonance 10.6 Let us now consider the There is considerable evidence cavitation directly without inpact. induced directly in the following that resonance cavitation can be IIYSZ in air. (Blast concussion) e. A blast wave propagated ’

W ‘ b. Physical excitation with a mechanical driver frequency of or horn. tuned to the resonant ‘ the head. I must have consicerahle pressure wave propagated in air however, there is 10.7 A single blast brain concussi:n intensity in oroer to proc-.::e l Dinsley) that eodification of the considerable evidence (Carver effects. pressure wave car. produce ;-rofound J resonance cavitation by using a tune: driver 10.! Bcitation of the be well within the rein of pcssihility. at this tine a;;cars to _§‘°="' neurotic-like manifestations normally associated with blast The by this method. Use ofwith concussion could possibly be inducedactual physical ¢.;.-.:¢.a:'. this ne'.':od,hovev:.-, mould require the dnvers. waves also resonance cavitation by tuned sound 10.9 btcitation of thereasonable possitility. Concentration cf the sound- appears to be a lenses could be effected with accoustical field at acne renote point duration would be in the order of a and ro!'lec°.:rs. The blast not a noise of this cu.-ati:n shoal: ,

tenth of a second. Masking or be too dificult. advantageous to establish the eftectivness ii.O It would possibly he .-.etho¢! as a tool in brain-wash therapy. of both of the atcve method and the reciting seq-.-cla should be A full lc1o\-lezge of the '

forced to SUE‘-H’. to such treatnent. of aid to any person stucy would significant potential aspect of thisperson innunity, 12.0 Possibly the nost practical means of giving a be in the developrent of that ap';ears train c:.'.:uss‘.on. One technique quantity ‘ even thc.:;“. ieopcrary. to the introduction of a small involve: to have potentialities into the spinal cord. his gas buckle of gas, approxirately i cc. to the ventricles located at the centnn would then nor.-ally nigratc of this turtle to expand under dyna-uc of the hr:-.n. The ability in prcventing resonance cavitation loading would be mcst effective (row. occuring. _

(Original and sole copy :ag1:) '

5-466 195 ‘

Y

Pu

Page 170

r ~

MATERIAL FOR THE RECORD .\IK>'l~I.\l{(‘ll. ()F'l'l'I.\'/(‘lll('K\\'I'l'

.\1K-\'l'I.\Rl‘H \\':|.~' tlw !l:|II|t' give-n tn tlw 1-nlntitmntinn of tlw .\1Kl'I.TRA pru- grum. I-‘muting 1-nlmuvm-1-4| in I-‘Y NINE. mul emte-1| in I-‘Y 197;‘. its |»||rp--aw \\-a.~ to d1'\‘|-lnp. test. and ¢-\":|l1m|¢- 1-n|n|hiliti|-.~" in t|n- 1-n\'Pl‘| uw of lviol-um-:13. vlwmix-al. and I':l(li¢IH('li\'|' tnau-rial s\'.<t»-|n.~ um] to-1-l|ni1|m~~ for pr-aim-ing pro-dim-tnl-Iv In-|m\'iur:ii uml or p|i\"-iul--|nr:|l 1-lmutm-.~ in supp-irt uf ],ig|,|‘- _-,.“-mm. human .,|,.i|-;||5|,m|| rt-quire-||wut.-. '

.a-:-- U1-‘Tl»Z.\‘/4 ‘Hie 'K\\'l'l‘

i In 19137 tlw llflivv of Raw-:|r:l| um! 1N'\'P|lI]Illl9!H HIIHH and the Edgewnod Arwnnl lit‘-'4-zlrrlt 1.:\I-»r|\t|-ri\~.~ tlmlvrlunk n prugr.-||u fur (lnim; rv.~"enrvh on the ide-ntitit-anti->n mu] (-lnum--tc»ri1.=|ti-m of drm:.< that 1-mild i||fluenm- Inunnn behavior. I~Idw~\\'m-cl hm] thv In--ilitivs fur Ihv full rnm:¢- of lntmmt-»r\" and 4-linivul tvsting. A ]I||:|~|'(l |»rn;.'r:|m \\:|.~ 1-m'i~imu-<1 that \\mtl|l 1-1-insist of an-qui.-iti~m of dru|:.~ and ('|N'|l|iI'ill 4-mnpuuml.~ lwlia-\‘c~\l In lmw Pfl\'l'|> nlt the bi-hnvi--r of humans. and tvstim: um! 1-\':|h|:|tiu|: HlP~'4- mute-rinl~' I||l’H\I|{|l lalmrut-»r\‘ ||I'm'H|UI'('.~' c---lt-|:i--ul .~|udi¢~~. (‘-»mpnnmI~ In-li¢‘\'H| and toxi- prumhim: u.~ u re-.<nlt of u-.~'t.~' on animals \\'e-H~H1Ptt tn In-P\':|||t:llMl t'lilli1"uH\'Will:lltlnnullstfllji-<'l>:|I 1-Zclgmw-ml. Snbstanc-e:~' of |"-to-tttiul n.-|- “mild th--n |n- :|t|:l|\'7.HI strut-tnr:tll\' as :t Ina-'i:~’ fur id:-ntil'\'im: and -4‘

4 . s\'nvh4-.~izim: |~-~'~it-Iv m-\\‘ uh-ri\':l!i\'e*.~ nf |;rv:m-r utility. Tlw ]br<|;;!';|t|| \\:|> diridml int“ twu |»mjn-1-t~. Pro]:-I-I lIl>‘fI"l-Z.\' \\"n.- to deal with to-~tiuu tho tn\i<---l~-::i¢-ul. tr||n.~|||i.<i\‘i|\" and In-Im\'i~r:|l 1-fTw~t.~'nf dru|:.~ in animals uml. ullitnutt-l\' Imtuuus. l'r¢-j--<-I l'l!lt‘K\\'lT \\'u~ --mm-rm-4!-\\"itl1 m-1|nirin|: infur- | nmtinn nu no-\\‘ tint: do-\'e'ln|tlm'||I.~ in l-Zuru|n- um] rlw Ht-it-nt. and with an-quirim: snl|||vlv~'. Tlu-rv is :| |li.-t-n-pum-v In-t\\-04-1| Hlv to-.~timm|\' of IN bll and (‘IA ta-.~1iu;_'at E1|1:1'\\nm| .\ r,-4-xml in Jmu- 1!lTIi. While» Hn'I'¢- i~ ncrm-xm-nt remrdim: the that lunnan t¢-~'tin: m---ntrrwl nt that pI:|<1- mul time-. tlwrv is cli.~:||.'rwm¢=ut as tn wlm was rr.~'|um~iI~|¢- fur tim|m'in;: am] .~pn|1-nrslnip. l.\‘a-1-In-urin|.'~ |t\~f1II'\~!|H' Sllhl-nnuuitt9P cm lle-ulth and St-it-ntilir Re-.~m|rr-h of tlw .\'»-tuntv lllmmn Rvscntirws (‘mnuiitt@9. .\'P|rtm||ln-1' '."l. IHTTJ (I69)

.4‘ Q-_ J J ‘ " -‘-

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a ‘ .¢‘ .r .*\‘§' -_ s ..~l

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-4-$2 -.=~¢i@- - i.-‘.1-...%. .

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THE DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE waamnovofl 9 C 70!)!

om" uiewflwwefimmwl 23 December 1977

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Honorable Daniel K. lnouye, Chairman Select Committee on Intelligence United States Senate / bashington, D.C. 20510 '.t“ Dear Mr. Chairman: _

During Admiral Turner's 3 August 19'? testimony before your Committee and the Senate Human Resources Subcommittee on Health and Scientific Research, you asked whether any Agency employees had been terminated because of their participation in MKULTRA Suhproject 3. Admiral Turner indicated he did not believe any employee had _

been terminated, but would have Agency records searched on this question. Our records have been searched and the results confirm the Director's testimony that no such actions were taken. Sinc rely,

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Geog’: L. Car_ egislative Counsel

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