Psychoactive Plants
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Soma Hymns in the Rigveda
RV 8.48 and 9.113 on soma, immortality, and light
c. 1500-1000 BCE; translation 1897
Source
Ralph T. H. Griffith
Religion, Psychoactive Plants
Chavin de Huantar
Ritual architecture, psychoactive plants, sound, and authority in the Early Horizon Andes
ca. 1200-500 BCE
Archaeological Site
Unknown
Sound, Architecture
Ololiuhqui, Peyotl, and Teonanácatl in the Florentine Codex
Sahagún’s Book 11 on herbs that intoxicate
c. 1577
Source
Bernardino de Sahagún
Indigenous Knowledge, Ethnobotany
Hongos monteses in Durán's Historia de las Indias de Nueva España
Mushrooms, coronations, and the feast of revelations
c. 1581; published 1867
Source
José F. Ramírez
Indigenous Knowledge, Ethnobotany
Ololiuhqui and Peyote in Idolatrías y supersticiones de los indios
Colonial anti-idolatry texts on divination, healing, and visionary plants
1629-1656; published 1892
Source
Pedro Ponce de León
Indigenous Knowledge, Ethnobotany
Fly Agaric among the Koryaks in Langsdorff's Bemerkungen
A Kamchatka note on mushroom trade and intoxication
1812
Source
Georg Heinrich von Langsdorff
Anthropology, Psychoactive Plants
Niopo among the Otomac in Humboldt and Bonpland's Personal Narrative
Orinoco snuff, Acacia niopo, and curupa in an 1821 travel narrative
1821
Source
Helen Maria Williams
Indigenous Knowledge, Ethnobotany
Paricá among the Mura in Spix and Martius's Reise in Brasilien
A German travel account of Amazonian snuff, ceremony, and intoxication
1831
Source
Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius
Indigenous Knowledge, Ethnobotany
Hashish and Mental Alienation
Moreau de Tours on dawamesc, self-experiment, and experimental psychiatry
1845
Source
Jacques-Joseph Moreau
Psychiatry, Cannabis
Fly Agaric and Hashish in Die narkotischen Genussmittel
Ernst von Bibra's German comparative account of Amanita and Cannabis
1855
Source
Ernst von Bibra
Pharmacology, Cannabis
Ayahuasca in Villavicencio's Geografía de la República del Ecuador
An 1858 Ecuadorian account of ayahuasca visions and divination
1858
Source
Manuel Villavicencio
Indigenous Knowledge, Ethnobotany
Caapi and Niopo in “On Some Remarkable Narcotics of the Amazon Valley and Orinoco”
Richard Spruce on ayahuasca, yopo/paricá, and Amazonian medicine-men
c. 1870; published 1908
Source
Richard Spruce
Indigenous Knowledge, Ethnobotany